scholarly journals Control de Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) en semilla de maíz almacenada.

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Abel Valdes ◽  
Elos Mariano Mendoza ◽  
Francisco Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Maize Grain

The objective considers to evaluate the biological effectiveness of 9 single insecticide products and in mixture, employees for the control of plagues of the maize (grain stored and of the culture) and to dose recommended for this culture. They were applied by immersion of the grain on a variety of maize tuxpeño to observe the biological effect in mortality terms on large grain borer Prostephanus truncatus, during a period of storage of 6 months, under a design completely at random with 38 treatments, 3 repetitions and one comparison of averages (Tukey 0,05); with the intention of analyzing the insecticide that presents the best option for the treatment to the maize seed stored for investigation. The variance analysis indicated significant differences in percentage of mortality of the insects for each one of the treatments. The effect insecticides was of 100% to 5.53% of mortality. The insecticides deltametrina, permetrina and carbaryl expressed greater percentage of mortality on the others, including the witness (0% mortality). The mixtures in which good result was had are: deltametrina + pirimifos metil, deltametrina + carbaryl, permetrina + carbaryl, carbaryl + pirimifos metil, carbaryl + clorpirifos etil. The test of germination of seeds at the end of the evaluation showed, that the viability of the same one was not affected by the treatments.

The effect of foliar and soil applied molybdenum treatments on the molybdenum concentration of maize grain

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Weir ◽  
RK Nagle ◽  
JB Noonan ◽  
AGW Towner
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Molybdenum Concentration

Soil and foliar treatments to raise the concentration of molybdenum in maize grain were compared. Both methods raised molybdenum concentrations in the grain and leaves, but the foliar sprays were more effective. Spraying when the maize plants were 80 cm tall increased the molybdenum concentration in the seed more than earlier spraying when the plants were only 30 cm tall. None of the treatments affected grain yield or the nitrogen concentration in the grain or leaves. Foliar sprays should allow a reduction in the rates of molybdenum now needed to maintain adequate levels in certified hybrid maize seed.

Efficacy of different hermetic bag storage technologies against insect pests and aflatoxin incidence in stored maize grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Paddy Likhayo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Aflatoxin Level ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Storage Technologies

Abstract The performance of six grain storage technologies for the control of insect pests in maize was evaluated over a 36-week (9-month) storage period. The six technologies used were: two ZeroFly® hermetic bag brands (laminated and non-laminated); Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag; non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag; woven polypropylene (PP) bag containing maize grain treated with Actellic Gold® Dust (pirimiphos-methyl 1.6% + thiamethoxam 0.3%) and woven PP bag containing untreated grain. Each bag was filled with 50 kg maize grain and four replicates of each were set up. With the exception of the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag, 50 live adults of the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus and of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, were introduced into all the bags. Insects were not introduced into the non-hermetic ZeroFly® bag to assess its effectiveness in repelling infestation from outside. Parameters recorded were gas composition (oxygen and carbon dioxide) levels inside the bags; weight of flour generated by insect feeding activities; grain moisture level; live adult insect counts; grain damage and weight loss; grain germination rate and aflatoxin level. At termination, the plastic liners of the hermetic bags were examined for perforations. Results show that oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide evolution were faster in ZeroFly® hermetic compared to PICS bags. Throughout the 36-week storage trial, grain damage remained below 4% and weight loss below 3% in all the treatments except in the untreated PP bags in which it increased to 81.1 and 25.5%, respectively. The hermetic PICS, ZeroFly® and Actellic Gold dust-treated PP bags maintained grain germination at 60%, which was lower than the initial 90%, while in untreated control, it reduced to 4.7%. The mean aflatoxin levels fluctuated between 0.39 and 3.56 parts per billion (ppb) during 24 weeks of storage in all the technologies tested, which is below the acceptable maximum level of 10 ppb in maize. Based on the evaluation results, it can be concluded that hermetic PICS and ZeroFly® bags and woven PP bag with Actellic Gold dust-treated grain effectively protected stored maize grain from insect attack and weight losses. Appropriate strategies and mechanisms for the effective and efficient adoption of hermetic storage bag technology at scale would contribute towards global food security.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Purdue Improved Crop Storage Triple Layer Hermetic Storage Bag against Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimondo Mutambuki ◽  
Hippolyte Affognon ◽  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Dieudonne Baributsa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Jute Bags

Hermetic technologies are being promoted in Africa as safer and more effective methods of grain storage on smallholder farms. However, farmers and policy makers lack knowledge of their efficacy in controlling major stored grain pests. An on-station study was conducted to evaluate the triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) airtight bags against two major storage insect pests. Two sets each of PICS, jute and polypropylene bags were filled with 50 kg maize grain per bag. Each set was replicated four times. One set of PICS bags was each infested with 50 insects each of the larger grain borer P. truncatus and the maize weevil S. zeamais; while the other set was not. One set of jute and polypropylene woven bags was treated with a cocktail of 1.6% Pirimiphos methyl and 0.3% Permethrin, serving as positive controls; while the remaining sets with untreated maize grain formed negative controls. Gas analysis in the PICS bags followed the expected trend with oxygen levels falling sharply below 10% and carbon dioxide increasing to almost 10% after 12 weeks hence resulting in insect death. After 16 weeks, increase in oxygen levels may be attributed to perforation of the bags from outside by the P. truncatus. Results showed that PICS bags were significantly (P < 0.05) superior to treated and untreated controls of polypropylene and jute bags in suppressing insect development, maize grain damage and weight loss during storage. Weight loss in polypropylene and jute bags reached 40% and 41%, respectively, at 24 weeks after storage compared to PICS (2.4–2.9%). These results demonstrate that PICS bags can be used to store maize against P. truncatus and S. zeamais attack.

scholarly journals Control of the Larger Grain Borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Different Maize Seed and Grain Storage Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egas Nhamucho ◽  
Stephen Mugo ◽  
Linnet Gohole ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Miriam Kinyua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Storage ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Larger Grain Borer ◽  
Storage Methods

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF MAIZE LANDRACES WITH HIGH LEVEL OF RESISTANCE TO STORAGE PESTS Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky AND Prostephanus truncatus Horn IN LATIN AMERICA

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-S3-A) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Silverio García-Lara ◽  
David J. Bergvinson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Traits

The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.The maize weevil (MW) (Sitophilus zeamais), and the larger grain borer (LGB) (Prostephanus truncatus) are major storage pests causing serious losses in maize (Zea mays L.) in developing countries of Latin America (LA). This study identified maize landraces with high levels of resistance to MW and LGB by screening 1171 genotypes collected from 24 LA countries in 38 sampling areas. Maize grain weight losses (GWL), total dust production (TDP) and number of adult progeny (NAP) were measured for LGB and MW attack in each genotype. Susceptibility traits to MW and LGB were related to specific geographical location. Range of resistance for MW was from 0.6 to 51 %, while for LGB from 0.1 to 66 %. Approximately 28 % of the analyzed genotypes showed high level of resistance to MW, with Antilles region offering the most resistant accessions with races of EarCar, Chande, Haitye, Nal-Tel, Tuson, and Canill. Resistance to LGB was observed in 22 % of genotypes analyzed with accessions from Southern México with races of Cónico, Nal-Tel, Vandeño, Elotes Occidentales, Cubano, Tuxpeño, and Tepecintle. Low correlation (r = 0.28; P < 0.01) between maize resistance to MW and LGB indicated a divergent adaptive response of maize grain to these two pest. Geographic data showed a negative correlation between latitude and longitude with MW resistance traits being significant only for longitude (r = -0.253; P < 0.05). Opposite trend of correlations, positive but not significant, was observed for LGB resistance traits. These results indicate an influence of geographic location in local varieties being selected for storage pest resistance over time. Genotypes with excellent postharvest insect resistance have now been identified for maize breeders to use in developing improved cultivars for use in LA.

scholarly journals The electrical characteristics of an arc lamp (direct current) measured by biological effect

1925 ◽  
Vol 98 (691) ◽  
pp. 400-415 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

The experiments about to be described are part of a series made with the object of determining the most effective form of arc lamp for curative work, and refer particularly to the measurement of biological effectiveness, and to the variations observed in this quality when the electrical characteristics of the arc are changed. The work was initiated as the outcome of a large amount of experimental work with arc lights, undertaken by Prof. Leonard Hill and his colleagues, during which it became obvious that the biological effectiveness of the arc lamps was varying. To Prof. Hill the writer is indebted for the following Introduction :— “It has been shown that the effective rays on the epidermis are the ultraviolet of wave-length 3100-2500 A. U., and that the visible and dark heat rays by raising the temperature of the epidermis accelerate the action of the ultraviolet rays (Eidinow and Hill). The visible rays have, if powerful enough, a heating effect, which may be sufficient to burn and produce the inflammatory effects of heat. Focussing the visible rays on the skin until the maximal endurable temperature of the surface of the skin is reached, it is found that the temperature under the skin may rise even to 47°C. (Sonne, A. C. Campbell and Leonard Hill).

scholarly journals Maize Grain Stored in Hermetic Bags: Effect of Moisture and Pest Infestation on Grain Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Likhayo ◽  
Anani Y. Bruce ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Jones Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Grain

Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. The moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and suffered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded significantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. The study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.

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