Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Abies koreana, Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata Seedlings under Elevated Temperature and CO2 Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Woo Kyung Song ◽  
Go Eun Park ◽  
Sun Mi Je ◽  
Sun Hee Kim ◽  
Jong-Hwan Lim
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Quercus Serrata ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Abies Koreana

scholarly journals Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 6087-6106
Author(s):  
Veronika Forstner ◽  
Jannis Groh ◽  
Matevz Vremec ◽  
Markus Herndl ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Abstract. Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first, manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen addition on the chemical compositions, construction cost, and payback time of subtropical trees in Cd-contaminated mesocosm soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Zang ◽  
Xianzhen Luo ◽  
Enqing Hou ◽  
Guihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Payback Time

Abstract Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and nitrogen (N) deposition are changing plant growth, physiological characteristics, and chemical compositions; however, few studies have explored such impacts in a heavy-metal-contaminated environment. In this study, we conducted an open-top chamber experiment to explore the impacts of two years of elevated atmospheric [CO2] and N addition on the growth, physiological characteristics, and chemical compositions of five subtropical tree species in a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated environment. Results showed that N addition significantly increased concentration of leaf N and protein in five tree species, and also decreased payback time (PBT) and leaf C:N ratios and increased tree relative height growth rate (RGR-H) and basal diameter growth rate (RGR-B) in Liquidambar formosana and Syzygium hainanense. Elevated [CO2] increased leaf maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) and concentration of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and shortened PBT to offset the negative effect of Cd contamination on RGR-B in A. auriculiformis. The combined effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition did not exceed their separate effects on RGR-H and RGR-B in Castanopsis hystrix and Cinnamomum camphora. N addition significantly increased the concentration of leaf Cd by 162.1% and 338.0%, and plant Cd bio-concentration factor (BCF) by 464% and 861% in C. hystrix, and C. camphora, respectively, compared to Cd addition. Among the five tree species, the decreases in PBT and the increases in Amax, RGR-B, and concentrations of leaf protein in response to N and Cd addition under elevated [CO2] were average higher 86.7% in A. auriculiformis than other species, suggesting that the mitigation of the negative effects of Cd pollution by elevated [CO2] and N addition among five species was species-specific. Overall, we concluded that N addition and elevated [CO2] reduced Cd toxicity, and increased the growth rate in A. auriculiformis, S. hainanense and L. formosana, while maintained the growth rate in C. hystrix, and C. camphora by differently increasing photosynthetic rate, altering the leaf chemical compositions, and shortening PBT.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on floral development and sex differentiation in Morus alba L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadong Li ◽  
Tingfa Dong ◽  
Chuanyan Zhang ◽  
Gaiqun Huang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Morus Alba

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. AGUIAR ◽  
J.B. SANTOS ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
C.M. CABRAL ◽  
I.M. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

scholarly journals Direct Effects on Seed Germination of 17 Tree Species under Elevated Temperature and CO2 Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du Hyun Kim ◽  
Sim Hee Han
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Malus Baccata ◽  
Leaf Species

AbstractEffects on seed germination characteristics of 17 tree species were investigated under elevated temperature and CO2. Seeds of 5 needle-leaf and 12 broad-leaf species were germinated under four conditions: 24°C + 400 μmol CO2 mol air–1, 24°C + 750 μmol CO2 mol air–1, 27°C + 400 μmol CO2 mol air–1, and 27°C + 750 μmol CO2 mol air–1. The elevated temperature and CO2 affected germination percent (GP) of 7 tree species seeds.GPs of Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, Betula ermanii, and Maackia amurensisseeds were affected by the elevated temperature, while only that of P.jezoensis seed was influenced by the elevated CO2. GPs of Malus baccata and Zelkova serrataseeds were influenced by both the elevated temperature and CO2. In addition, the elevated temperature and CO2also affected mean germination time (MGT) of 12 tree species seeds. Particularly, MGTs of P. thunbergii and Rhododendron tschonoskii seeds were influenced by both factors. In conclusion, elevated temperature and CO2 affected seed germination characteristics, which were reflected by significant differences among tree species. Specifically, these two factors exerted stronger influence on germination pattern such as MGT rather than seed germination percent.

scholarly journals Correction to: Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on floral development and sex differentiation in Morus alba L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadong Li ◽  
Tingfa Dong ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Gaiqun Huang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Morus Alba
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