Max Weber's Articles on German Agriculture and Industry in the Encyclopedia Americana (1906/1907) and their Political Context

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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Rhetorical Self-Construction and its Political Context in Richard Fleming's Reform Sermon for Passion Sunday at the Council of Constance

Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum ◽

10.30965/25890433-03302005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 405-425

Author(s):

Chris L. Nighman

Keyword(s):

Political Context

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АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА В ОШЕ В 2010 ГОДУ

Konfliktologia ◽

10.31312/2310-6085-2019-14-1-67-77 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

D. A. Abgadzhava ◽

A. S. Vlaskina

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Conflict ◽

State Power ◽

Political Context ◽

Living Standards ◽

Economic Power ◽

Security Forces ◽

Historical Factors ◽

Interethnic Conflict ◽

Social Demographic ◽

Trigger Mechanisms

In this paper, there will be analyzed the determinants of the inter-ethnic conflict that occurred in the Fergana Valley in the Kyrgyz city of Osh in June 2010. In such a phenomenon as an inter-ethnic conflict, it is rather difficult to find out a single cause of events; it is rather a set of economic, social, demographic, cultural and historical factors that are in a particular political context. And by the summer of 2010 a political context was formed: as a result of the April coup, there was a change of elites in the state power, which led to the struggle for the redistribution of economic power and resources. And in the conditions of connections of power and economic structures with the criminals, that was clearly manifested in the country on the eve of the conflict, the contradictions became ethnic. Despite the fact that this ethnic conflict was the result of objective contradictions caused by lack of resources (primarily land), low living standards, demographic and social problems, namely the change of political power in the country, instability, the struggle of criminal and mafia structures for power and influence became the trigger mechanisms that produced violence. There are various versions claiming to explain the events of June 2010, as well as to evaluate the actions of official structures during the conflict. Thus, the Uzbek side claimed that the security forces were inactive, ignored the attacks, in turn, the official authorities argued that the conflict was aggravated by unknown, allegedly foreign mercenaries, besides the Kyrgyz side referred to the police’s unwillingness to such events in the first days of the conflict. Therefore, an analysis of the causes of interethnic conflict in Osh will make it possible to identify the main vectors of instability in society, to identify the main actors to which measures of state influence should be directed in order to prevent possible relapses.

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The pragmatics of absurdity

Voprosy literatury ◽

10.31425/0042-8795-2019-5-108-137 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 108-137

Author(s):

O. I. Kiyanskaya ◽

D. M. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Political Context ◽

Freedom Of The Press ◽

The Political ◽

Party Organization ◽

Socialist State ◽

Constituent Assembly ◽

The Press

The analysis is focused on the pragmatics of V. Lenin’s articles ‘Party Organization and Party Literature’ [‘Partiynaya organizatsia i partiynaya literatura’] (1905) and ‘How to Ensure Success of the Constituent Assembly (on freedom of the press)’ [‘Kak obespechit uspekh Uchreditelnogo sobraniya (o svobode pechati)’] (1917). Foreign and Russian scholars alike considered the two works as components of the concept of Socialist state literature and journalism, conceived before the Soviet era. Based on examination of the political context, this work proves that Lenin was driven to write the articles by his fight for leadership in RSDRP. In 1905, Lenin obtained control over Novaya Zhizn, the newspaper under M. Gorky’s editorship, and insisted that opponents had to follow his censorship guidelines: the press had to become a propaganda tool rather than a source of income. Twelve years on, Lenin’s principles still reigned.

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