АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКОГО КОНФЛИКТА В ОШЕ В 2010 ГОДУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
D. A. Abgadzhava ◽  
A. S. Vlaskina
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
State Power ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms

In this paper, there will be analyzed the determinants of the inter-ethnic conflict that occurred in the Fergana Valley in the Kyrgyz city of Osh in June 2010. In such a phenomenon as an inter-ethnic conflict, it is rather difficult to find out a single cause of events; it is rather a set of economic, social, demographic, cultural and historical factors that are in a particular political context. And by the summer of 2010 a political context was formed: as a result of the April coup, there was a change of elites in the state power, which led to the struggle for the redistribution of economic power and resources. And in the conditions of connections of power and economic structures with the criminals, that was clearly manifested in the country on the eve of the conflict, the contradictions became ethnic. Despite the fact that this ethnic conflict was the result of objective contradictions caused by lack of resources (primarily land), low living standards, demographic and social problems, namely the change of political power in the country, instability, the struggle of criminal and mafia structures for power and influence became the trigger mechanisms that produced violence. There are various versions claiming to explain the events of June 2010, as well as to evaluate the actions of official structures during the conflict. Thus, the Uzbek side claimed that the security forces were inactive, ignored the attacks, in turn, the official authorities argued that the conflict was aggravated by unknown, allegedly foreign mercenaries, besides the Kyrgyz side referred to the police’s unwillingness to such events in the first days of the conflict. Therefore, an analysis of the causes of interethnic conflict in Osh will make it possible to identify the main vectors of instability in society, to identify the main actors to which measures of state influence should be directed in order to prevent possible relapses.

Enigmatic Bosnia Matters: Coexistence in Bavljinje during the Light and Darkness of Yugoslavia’s War

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Cardzic ◽  
Sean Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
The Village

Constructive stories of coexistence during protracted interethnic conflict are rare; however, they have important implications for interethnic reconciliation and peacemaking (Senehi, 2002). The events that took place in the village of Bavljinje highlight the humanity displayed by neighbors in the midst of ethnic cleansing. Such stories illustrate that positive relationships can prevail in interethnic warfare and can be an important source of healing form the trauma of violent ethnic conflict. The story of Bavljinje also indicates the complexity of intergroup conflict and the need of such powerful metaphors in the postconflict peacebuilding process.

scholarly journals Chinese Privacy Law: A Practitioner's Guide to Current Regulations, Future Trends & Business Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Li ◽  
Zhou Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Business Case ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Or Organization

The business case for understanding Chinese privacy law is clear. With China’s growing economic power and large consumer base, any international company seeking to profit from consumers in the region should expend resources on understanding how best to succeed in the Chinese market. This means that privacy officers must pay close attention to how privacy law is developing in China, both to keep up with current developments and to stay ahead of the curve by proactively implementing strategic policies.This Article provides a basic privacy practitioner’s guide to privacy law in China. First, the Article overviews the basic status of privacy laws and regulations in China. Second, the Article delves into the cultural and historical factors that may influence the development and application of Chinese privacy law. Finally, the Article offers practical lessons and hypothetical case studies for how to proactively help your company or organization succeed in China.

State-led violence in Ukraine’s 2004 elections and orange revolution

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
External Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Second Wave

The Ukrainian opposition faced one of the greatest degrees of state-backed violence in the second wave of democratization of post-communist states with only Serbia experiencing similar cases of assassinations and repression of the youth Otpor NGO. In the 2004 Ukrainian elections the opposition maintained a strategy of non-violence over the longest protest period of 17 days but was prepared to use force if it had been attacked. The regime attempted to suppress the Orange Revolution using security forces. Covert and overt Russian external support was extensive and in the case of Ukraine and Georgia the European Union (EU) did not intervene with a membership offer that had the effect of emboldening the opposition in Central-Eastern Europe. This article surveys five state-backed violent strategies used in Ukraine’s 2004 elections: inciting regional and inter-ethnic conflict, assassinations, violence against the opposition, counter-revolution and use of the security forces. The article does not cover external Russian-backed violence in the 2004 elections unique to Ukraine that the author has covered elsewhere.

scholarly journals Magical Realism in Aḥmad Sa‘dāwiy’s Frankenstein fī Bagdād

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Mahmudah Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Magical Realism ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Magic Realism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the use of magic realism as a literary device in the Iraqi novel Frankenstein fī Bagdād written by Aḥmad Sa‘dāwiy. The novel is set in the period of inter-ethnic conflict which arose after the American invasion of 2003. Hādī, the main character of the novel, ‘creates a monster’ namely Syismah from the corpses of the many bomb victims in Baghdad. The writer combines setting of the novel with belief of the Iraq people, horoscope practice, and magic, in mystical and illogical atmosphere. Given its magic realist qualities, the analysis draws on the approach of Wendy B. Faris. The article identifies five key elements from magic realism present in the novel, and discusses the relationship between these elements in order to better understand the social, ideological, and political context of the novel. The analysis shows that there are relationships between two worlds: death and life, human and ghost, physical and metaphysical, natural and supernatural.

scholarly journals A Socialist Compass for Aotearoa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Danielle Webb
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Power ◽  
State Power ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Emancipatory Politics ◽  
A Site ◽  
Do So

In this article, I argue that both tino rangatiratanga and socialism lie at the heart of emancipatory politics in Aotearoa New Zealand. For Māori, the economy has always been a dynamic site of interaction with the state and corporate bodies, and today the Māori economy is celebrated by some as a space where tino rangatiratanga can be realised. For the most part, though, the capitalist economy has been a site of exploitation for Māori. Given the inextricable relations between capitalism and colonialism, I present the case for Māori socialism as an emancipatory response to both. To do so, I employ Erik Olin Wright’s socialist compass, a conceptual tool that points to a variety of economic pathways towards socialism. But there is a major problem with Wright’s compass: it only has three points (state power, economic power, and social power). I extend Wright’s vision for socialism by completing the compass, adding to it a much needed fourth point: tino rangatiratanga. The resulting ‘Aotearoa socialist compass’ can be used to orient us towards Māori socialism—a socialist economy in which tino rangatiratanga is realised.  

scholarly journals China’s Pledge to Civilise “All Under Heaven”

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262199277
Author(s):  
Klaas Dykmann ◽  
Ole Bruun
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Classical Sense ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Chinese Empire

With China’s global rise, both its state leadership and key academics have engaged in developing a civilisational discourse for the twenty-first century partly based on ancient cosmological concepts. This article explores the meanings of and intentions behind this discourse, including its promise of a Chinese-led world order, and discusses its intended audience and international appeal. In the backdrop of theoretical debates on empires and their missions, the article claims that without a corresponding cultural appeal, China’s rising economic power and geostrategic clout are insufficient conditions to realise an empire in the classical sense. Growing inconsistencies mar the country’s imperial ambitions, such as those between a global civilising outreach and a toughening domestic embrace. Instead, imperial rhetoric is cautiously integrated in the party-state’s restoration of a Chinese “empire within,” indicating self-centredness and a lurking re-traditionalising of Chinese state power.

The collapse of power-sharing

No Solution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Industrial Disputes

This chapter considers the initial three months of the Labour government, incorporating both the political and security situation. During this time the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Merlyn Rees, and the Northern Ireland Office made changes to security policy. Many of these showed continuity with the previous administration but some reflected the differing attitude of the Labour frontbench while in opposition. Most prominent was the suggestion that the police should play a greater role in security efforts. In May the UWC strike led to the collapse of the power-sharing executive and this is considered in great detail. It is argued that previous accounts have placed insufficient emphasis on the political context and the parameters within which the security forces could operate. The practical difficulties involved in strike-breaking are large and the loyalist strike should be placed in the broader, British context of difficulties experienced in handling industrial disputes in Great Britain.

Ethnic Immigrant suicide in a Canadian psychiatric service: A case series from 1966–1997

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s273-s273
Author(s):  
N. Husain ◽  
B. Martin ◽  
M. Husain ◽  
V. Duddu ◽  
I. Sakinofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Social Demographic

IntroductionSuicide is a major public-health problem in Canada. Data from ‘Statistics Canada’ suggests that there was a 10% increase in suicide rate between the years 1997 and 1999. Studies have found substantial differences in suicide rates (and patterns) amongst ethnic immigrants compared to Canadian-born individuals.AimThe aim of the study was to investigate whether ethnic-immigrant patients differed from Canadian-born patients in their social, demographic, psychiatric and historical associations.MethodsAll registered patients (n = 276) known to have completed suicide from 1966–1997 constituted the study sample. Data were extracted from the written case audits, autopsy and toxicology reports, and medical records.ResultsOf the 276 known cases of suicide, 11 were Afro-Caribbean, 24 were Eastern European, 14 were Asian and 215 were Canadian-born patients. The ethnic-immigrant groups were broadly comparable to the Canadian-born group in terms of the social, demographic, psychiatric and background historical factors (except that the latter had a higher prevalence of alcohol and substance misuse). There were no significant differences between different ethnic immigrant groups themselves.ConclusionsThe most salient implication of the findings are that social, psychiatric and historical associations of mentally ill patients who complete suicide are common across different ethnic immigrant groups, and as such a universal approach to mental health promotion, early identification and treatment would be similarly applicable to patients belonging to all groups.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Colonials, Marginals and Immigrants: Contributions to a Theory of Ethnic Stratification

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
To Come

Overt ethnic conflict is frequently accompanied by the observation that the conflict is not essentially rooted in ethnic differences but is primarilyeconomic in origin. Examples are not hard to come by; it has been madein regard to the American Negro situation, the Catholics in NorthernIreland and the Ugandan Asians, to name but three instances. The claim that economic differences underlie ethnic conflict raises the questions of whether all interethnic conflict can be accounted for within the framework of a conflict theory of social stratification, and this in turn raises the broader question of whether all types of interethnic relations, of conflict and harmony, assimilation, integration, separatism and segregation can be subsumed under a more general theory of stratification.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Landscape Analysis of Kallang-Seletar Transect, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Physical Transformation ◽  
Historical Land Use ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Social Management ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Industrialization and urbanization have been vastly reshaping the physical landscape of Singapore under guided urban planning in the last more than half a century, accompanying Singapore’s successful economic growth and social management. Reconstructing and evaluating the transformation process of physical landscape can help appreciate anthropogenic activities in this progress and explore dynamic urbanizing frontiers into natural and rural environment in different periods. A geographic transect running from Seletar to Kallang in central Singapore Island is delineated for detailed investigation of physical transformation. Typical geographic features at different times, including road networks, terrain, buildings and water bodies were extracted from a series of georeferenced historical topographic maps from 1940s to 2010s. Description, analysis and interpretations of geographic changes and temporal processes are made in this specific transect at different spatial scales. These geographic layers coupled with historical land use and economic policies are considered as key components of transformation analysis of physical landscape in this work. Singapore’ current situation benefits from its unique transformation journey, which is marked by top-down integral spatial planning, and integrating social/demographic and economic policies. Reflection on the transition of this central transect can help us appreciate the current physical status of Singapore Island and better project the path of other booming urbanization areas in surrounding regions. Although Singapore’s chosen path of developments led to remarkable results, careful and comprehensive considerations of social and historical factors must be taken when transferring its policies and strategies to other aspiring regions. One conclusion of this work demonstrates the power of maps for recording physical environment and support scholars in geography, history and urban research to build a temporal image of landscape changes.</p>

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