DETECTION OF XENOBIOTIC SUBSTANCES IN MUTE SWANS’ (CYGNUS OLOR) BLOOD

Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific Conference Rural Development 2015 ◽

10.15544/rd.2015.064 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jolanta STANKEVIČIŪTĖ ◽

Solveiga Marija BARKAUSKAITĖ ◽

Gediminas BRAZAITIS

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Wild Animal ◽

Wild Populations ◽

New Methods ◽

Negative Results ◽

Cygnus Olor ◽

Ecological Scale ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Mute Swans

During recent years the attention towards the effects of xenobiotic substances on wild nature has been steadily increasing. Literature reviews have revealed that active hormone-disintegrating substances might affect the reproduction of some wild animal species. Research shows anomalies of reproduction and development in various animal groups such as birds, fish, invertebrates and reptiles. Species inhabiting water and its surroundings cause the highest concern. Due to insufficient baseline information it is difficult to determine the extent of the problem in these wild populations on an ecological scale. The research described in this article is the first attempt to analyse xenobiotic substances and evaluate possible accumulation of pharmaceuticals in animals higher up in the food chain in Lithuania. This research tests new methods for to analyse for xenobiotics substances, which might be used in the future. Blood samples of 7 swans were examined using liquid chromatography, however, no xenobiotics were detected. Negative results do not eliminate the necessity for further investigate of larger samples, other species or to search for non-pharmaceutical xenobiotics.

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Rapid Assessment Of Taal Volcano Protected Landscape (TVPL) Terrestrial Biodiversity

10.26757/pjsb.2017a11007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Taal Volcano ◽

Ecological Barriers ◽

Floral Diversity ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Baseline Information ◽

Study Sites ◽

Terrestrial Biodiversity

With the exponential rise of human activities in the past decades, majority of studies conducted in Taal Volcano Protected Landscape (TVPL) are geared towards the conservation and preservation of Lake Taal’s remaining biodiversity. However, the current structure and assemblage of its terrestrial biotic communities remain relatively unstudied. In this study, we conducted biodiversity censuses in the four sites in TVPL to provide baseline information regarding the community structure of the selected study sites. Comparison of the plant diversity in Taal Volcano Crater Island and Romandan Falls within the forested areas of Mataas na Kahoy, Batangas reveal that both sites support remarkably different vegetation, with the former supporting a smaller floral diversity. The fairly small number of animal samples present difficulty in providing conclusive findings to the wildlife structure of the two study sites. However, the presence of 11 animal species exhibit valuable results in determining the ecological status of TVPL. It is deduced that several ecological barriers exist between the sites, which is attributed to their unique terrestrial biota.

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Biosurveillance of Selected Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in a Zoo

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 428

Author(s):

Pavel Kvapil ◽

Joško Račnik ◽

Marjan Kastelic ◽

Jiřina Marková ◽

Jean-Benjamin Murat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Field Mouse ◽

Wild Rodents ◽

Cygnus Olor ◽

Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zoo Animals ◽

Mute Swans

Monitoring of infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventive medicine in zoos. Screening for parasitic and bacterial infections is important to keep animals and equipment safe from pathogens that may pose a risk to animal and human health. Zoos usually contain many different animal species living in proximity with people and wild animals. As an epidemiological probe, 188 animals (122 mammals, 65 birds, and one reptile) from a zoo in Slovenia were examined for selected pathogens. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were detected by ELISA in 38% (46/122) and 3% (4/122) of mammals, and in 0% (0/64) and 2% (1/57) of birds, respectively; the reptile (0/1) was negative. A statistically significant difference in T. gondii prevalence was found in Carnivora compared to Cetartiodactyla and primate antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by IFAT in 44% (52/118) of mammals and 20% (11/56) of birds, respectively; the reptile (0/1) was negative. Herbivores had a higher chance of being infected with E. cuniculi compared to omnivores. Antibodies to Chlamydia abortus and Coxiella burnetii were not detected in any of the 74 tested zoo animals. The sera of 39 wild rodents found in the zoo were also examined; they were negative for all three parasites. The parasite T. gondii was detected by PCR in the tissue of two mute swans (Cygnus olor), three eastern house mice (Mus musculus), one yellow-necked field mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), and one striped field mouse (A. agrarius). Positive samples were genotyped by a single multiplex PCR assay using 15 microsatellite markers; one sample from a mute swan was characterized as type II. This micro-epidemiological study offers a better understanding of pathogens in zoo animals and an understanding of the role of zoos in biosurveillance.

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Biochemical and haematological values for mute swans (cygnus olor): Effects of acute lead poisoning

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079458808436484 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 667-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. O'halloran ◽

P.F. Duggan ◽

A.A. Myers

Keyword(s):

Lead Poisoning ◽

Cygnus Olor ◽

Haematological Values ◽

Mute Swans

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Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818001553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (12) ◽

pp. 1543-1549

Author(s):

Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton ◽

Rajesh Kumar Agarwal ◽

Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya ◽

Cheruplackal Karunakaran Athira ◽

Mani Saminathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Animal Species ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Wild Animal ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Direct Pcr ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Faecal Samples

AbstractOccurrence of Salmonella spp. in captive wild animal species in India is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of different Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypic relatedness of recovered isolates. A total of 370 samples including faecal (n = 314), feed and water (n = 26) and caretakers stool swabs (n = 30) were collected from 40 different wild animal species in captivity, their caretakers, feed and water in four zoological gardens and wildlife enclosures in India. Salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and genotyping was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. Animal faecal samples were also subjected to direct PCR assay. Salmonella was detected in 10 of 314 (3.1%) faecal samples by isolation and 18 of 314 (5.7%) samples by direct PCR assay; one of 26 (3.8%) feed and water samples and five of 30 (16.7%) caretakers stool swabs by isolation. Salmonella was more commonly isolated in faecal samples from golden pheasants (25%; 2/8) and leopard (10%; 2/20). Salmonella enterica serotypes of known public health significance including S. Typhimurium (37.5%; 6/14), S. Kentucky (28.5%; 4/14) and S. Enteritidis (14.3%; 2/14) were identified. While the majority of the Salmonella isolates were pan-susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics. Seven (43.7%; 7/16) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one isolate each among them exhibited penta and tetra multidrug-resistant types. Three S. Kentucky serotype were identified in a same golden pheasants cage, two from the birds and one from the feed. This serotype was also isolated from its caretaker. Similarly, one isolate each of S. Typhimurium were recovered from ostrich and its caretaker. These isolates were found to be clonally related suggesting that wildlife may serve as reservoir for infections to humans and vice versa. These results emphasise the transmission of Salmonella among hosts via environmental contamination of feces to workers, visitors and other wildlife.

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