Full-Scale Experimental Testing and Finite Element Analysis of a Totally Prefabricated Counterfort Retaining Wall System

Pipelines can be subjected to significant amounts of tensile forces due to geotechnical movements like slope instabilities and seismic activities as well as due to frost heave and thaw cycles in arctic regions. The tensile strain capacity εtcrit of pipelines is crucial in the prediction of rupture and loss of containment capability in these load cases. Currently the Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems code CSA Z662-11 0 contains equations for the prediction of εtcrit as a function of geometry and material properties of the pipeline. These equations resulted from extensive experimental and numerical studies carried out by Wang et al [2]–[6] using curved wide plate tests on pipes having grades X65 and higher. Verstraete et al 0 conducted curved wide plate tests at the University of Ghent which also resulted in tensile strain capacity prediction methods and girth weld flaw acceptability criteria. These criteria are included in the European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG) Tier 2 guidelines. Furthermore Verstrate et al 0 introduced a pressure correction factor of 0.5 in order to include the effect of internal pressure in the tensile strain capacity predictions in a conservative way. Further research by Wang et al with full scale pipes having an internal pressure factor of 0.72 also showed that εtcrit decreases in the presence of internal pressure [10]–[15]. In their work, Wang et al presented a clear methodology for the design of full scale experiments and numerical simulations to study the effect of internal pressure on the tensile strain capacity of pipes with girth weld flaws [10]–[15]. However, there has been limited testing to enable a precise understanding of the tensile strain capacity of pipes with grades less than X65 as a function of girth weld flaw sizes and the internal pressure. In this paper the experimental setup for the testing of grade X52 full scale specimens with 12″ diameter and ¼″ wall thickness is demonstrated. In the scope of this research 8 full scale specimens will be tested and the results will be used to formulate the tensile strain capacity of X52 pipes under internal pressure. The specimens are designed for the simultaneous application of displacement controlled tensile loading and the internal pressure. Finite element analysis is applied in the optimization process for the sizes of end plates and connection elements. Also the lengths of the full scale specimens are determined based on the results from finite element analysis. The appropriate lengths are chosen in such a way that between the location of the girth weld flaw and the end plates uniform strain zones could be obtained. The internal pressure in these experiments is ranging between pressure values causing 80% SMYS and 30% SMYS hoop stress. The end plates and connection elements of the specimens are designed in such a way that the tensile displacement load is applied with an eccentricity of 10% of the pipe diameter with the purpose of increasing the magnitude of tensile strains at the girth weld flaw location. The results of two full scale experiments of this research program are presented. The structural response from the experiments is compared to the finite element simulation. The remote strain values of the experiment are found to be higher than the εtcrit values predicted by the equations in 0.

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Design and Calibration of a 6-Component Balance on a Bicycle Steer

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/icem18-05414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Jordi D’hondt ◽

Sien Dieltiens ◽

Marc Juwet

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Present Article ◽

Regression Method ◽

Full Scale ◽

Least Square ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Multiple Loads ◽

Least Square Regression ◽

Scale Error

The present article describes the methodology used to design and calibrate a 6-component balance. This balance is utilized in an instrumented bike measuring the forces applied on the handlebars. This instrumentation bike maps all riders induced loads. In the designing process, Finite Element Analysis was used. Calibrating the balance was done using the Least Square Regression Method which allows combining multiple loads during calibration and thus requires less samples. The balance operates with a maximum full scale error of 0.53%.

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Full-scale finite element analysis of deformation and contact of a wire-wrapped fuel bundle subject to realistic thermal and irradiation conditions

Nuclear Engineering and Design ◽

10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110676 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 364 ◽

pp. 110676

Author(s):

X. Ye ◽

F. Gao ◽

X. Chen ◽

X. Liu ◽

Y.G. Wei

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Full Scale ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Fuel Bundle

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Study on Seismic Performance of Offshore Platform with Rocking Wall - TMD System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.78 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 610 ◽

pp. 78-83

Author(s):

Ji Gang Zhang ◽

Zhi Wei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Seismic Performance ◽

Tuned Mass Damper ◽

Offshore Platform ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Mass Damper ◽

Jacket Offshore Platform ◽

Rocking Wall ◽

Wall System

Offshore platform rocking wall system and tuned mass damper are briefly introduced, and the paper integrates the advantages of these two kinds of seismic method, and the TMD is attached to the jacket offshore platform - rocking wall system, using the ANSYS for finite element analysis, and the analysis results are optimized. The results show that compared with the offshore platform - rocking wall system, additional TMD can give full play to the performances of the two kinds of seismic methods, which is remarkable.

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An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Axial Thermal Gradients in Flexible Pipes

Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems ◽

10.1115/omae2017-61804 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dag Fergestad ◽

Frank Klæbo ◽

Jan Muren ◽

Pål Hylland ◽

Tom Are Grøv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Cross Section ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Full Scale ◽

Model Complexity ◽

Flexible Pipe ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Flexible Pipes ◽

Full Scale Testing

This paper discusses the structural challenges associated with high axial temperature gradients and the corresponding internal cross section forces. A representative flexible pipe section designed for high operational temperature has been subject to full scale testing with temperature profiles obtained by external heating and cooling. The test is providing detailed insight in onset and magnitude of relative layer movements and layer forces. As part of the full-scale testing, novel methods for temperature gradient testing of unbonded flexible pipes have been developed, along with layer force- and deflection-measurement techniques. The full-scale test set-up has been subject to numerous temperature cycles of various magnitudes, gradients, absolute temperatures, as well as tension cycling to investigate possible couplings to dynamics. Extensive use of finite element analysis has efficiently supported test planning, instrumentation and execution, as well as enabling increased understanding of the structural interaction within the unbonded flexible pipe cross section. When exploiting the problem by finite element analysis, key inputs will be correct material models for the polymeric layers, and as-built dimensions/thicknesses. Finding the balance between reasonable simplification and model complexity is also a challenge, where access to high quality full-scale tests and dissected pipes coming back from operation provides good support for these decisions. Considering the extensive full scale testing, supported by advanced finite element analysis, it is evident that increased attention will be needed to document reliable operation in the most demanding high temperature flexible pipe applications.

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Accelerating the Product Development of a Commercial Vehicle Radiator using Finite Element Analysis

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.9.1.02 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.R. Roy ◽

V. Hariram ◽

M. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Finite Element ◽

Product Development ◽

Commercial Vehicle ◽

Cooling System ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Engine Cooling

Emissions such as Nox and CO resulting from the combustion of the diesel engines in the commercial vehicles leads to environmental degradation and ozone layer depletion. Alarming environment trend forces the government institutions to develop and enforce strict emission laws for the next generation transportation vehicles. Stricter emission laws mean higher operating pressure, temperature, reduced weight, tight packaging space, engine downsizing etc. Engine cooling systems are the critical components in the managing the engine cooling requirement of the commercial vehicle. Generally engine cooling system includes radiator, charge air cooler, engine oil cooler etc. Product development of thermal management system using the traditional design process takes more time, resource and money. To solve the complex design problem, numerical technique such as finite element analysis is performed upfront in the product development of the radiator to evaluate the structure behaviour under mechanical loading. In this paper, internal static pressure analysis of a radiator is presented to showcase the benefits of using the finite element technique earlier in the product design phase. Pressure cycle life at a critical joint of the radiator is calculated using strain-life approach. Finite element analysis aids in visualization of the hot spots in the design, comparing different design options with less turnaround time. Experimental testing and prototypes can be reduced. Risk of a product being failed is greatly minimized by performing the numerical simulation.

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