Corticolous Lichen Species Diversity on Dominant Trees in Selected Sacred Groves of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 447-464
Author(s):  
U. K. Sen ◽  
R. K. Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Community Based Conservation

Sacred groves are the fairly well-protected system of community-based conservation of tree patches on account of their association with village gods, and repository of many rare and threatened elements of biodiversity. There are, however, few publications on lichens of sacred groves. The lichens have long been regarded as sensitive indicators for monitoring environmental state. The present study reports one hundred and sixteen species of lichens from forty-four genera of nineteen families in four selected sacred groves of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. These lichens represent two different growth forms, i.e. crustose (105 species) and foliose (11 species). Shorea robusta, a dominant tree species in two sacred groves bears the highest lichen diversity with seventy-four species. To better understand the related biodiversity and climate, this work is likely to promote further studies on lichen diversity in other regions of West Bengal.

scholarly journals Ecologic salience and agreement on the identification of tree species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Hanazaki ◽  
Rogério Mazzeo ◽  
Alexandre Romariz Duarte ◽  
Vinícius Castro Souza ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
High Diversity

This study aims to investigate the consensus among informants in the naming of tree species from a high diversity environment, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Sete Barras, SP), through a methodological procedure based on standardized stimuli. Seven selected local experts on tree species used for timber and handicrafts were asked to walk individually across the same area of 1.72 ha and identify and name all the known trees of more than 4 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) using common names. All trees were botanically identified, and their DBH and height were measured. The ecologic salience of tree species, expressed in terms of abundance, average height and DBH, was tested in relation to the informants' knowledge and species naming. The guided walks resulted on 708 identification events, with common names corresponding to 122 botanical species, or 68% of all tree species present. Both the reduced abundance and ecological salience of rare species can explain their recognition. The highest concordances in naming a tree were related only to the species abundance and not to their size (given by diameter and height). In some cases, there is no single common name for a botanical species, reflecting the intrinsic variation in local knowledge, which must be considered in ethnobotanical studies, in ecological assessments based on local knowledge, as well as in community-based conservation and management programs.

scholarly journals Species Diversity, Growth, Status, and Biovolume of Taia River Riparian Forest in Southern Sierra Leone: Implications for Community-Based Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Moses Fayiah ◽  
Baimba F. Kallon ◽  
Shikui Dong ◽  
Mathew S. James ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Community Based Conservation

Riparian forest inventory is essential in understanding the floristic biodiversity and provides necessary information on the growth trend and status of plant diversity along forest ecosystem, especially the riparian forests. This study was undertaken to assess the species diversity, growth status, and bio-volume of Taia riparian forest for community-based conservation intervention. In this study, we enumerated 602 individual trees, which comprised 49 species that belong to 37 genera in 25 families. In total, 14 rectangular plots of dimension 20 × 50 m2 were demarcated. All trees species within the sampled plots having diameter at breast height [Dbh] ≥7 cm were identified and height measured using the Haga altimeter, girth and measuring tape to determine the growth status. The result shows that 83% of the trees enumerated have [Dbh] that range from 7 to 30 cm, whereas 17% had [Dbh] greater than 30 cm. Funtumia africana and Trichilia heudelotii were the dominant species in almost all aspects in the study area. Meliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Mimosaceae were the dominant families with the highest species. The Shannon diversity index was 3.094, whereas the Simpson and Evenness diversity was 0.9303 and 0.4502, respectively. Other diversity indices estimated were Margalef 7.544, Equitability 0.7949, and Fisher_alpha 12.77. The overall biovolume was 283.05 m,3 with a total basal cover of 12.54 m2. Height and [Dbh] were not significantly correlated with the biovolume. Biotic pressure such as fuelwood collection, unsustainable charcoal production, pole harvesting, bushfires, and other traditional and cultural functions contributes greatly to the exploitation of the riparian forest. Therefore, urgent strategic conservation and protection measures should be adopted to prevent further degradation of forest ecosystems along river banks in the district and other ecologies in Sierra Leone.

scholarly journals A profile of lichen diversity down the trunk of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) highlights its importance in maintaining lichen species diversity in the Oleszno reserve (Przedborski Landscape Park)

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Anna Łubek
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Lichen Diversity

Pionowe zróżnicowanie bioty porostów na pniu jesionu wyniosłegoFraxinus excelsiororaz znaczenie tego drzewa w zachowaniu różnorodności gatunkowej porostów w rezerwacie Oleszno (Przedborski Park Krajobrazowy)

scholarly journals The value of alien roadside trees for epiphytic lichen species along an urban pollution gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Möller ◽  
Jens Oldeland ◽  
Matthias Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Species Pairs

Abstract Alien tree species have been introduced to Europe and often used as roadside trees. Currently, preference is given to species that are adapted to urban climate and drier conditions. Native epiphytic lichens are adapted to local tree species; however, little is known whether a shift toward more alien roadside trees would affect the diversity of epiphytic lichens within cities. We considered three genera of roadside trees that are common in Hamburg (Germany) Acer, Tilia, and Quercus, each with a native and an alien species per genus. Species numbers, frequency and diversity of epiphytic lichens were assessed and compared. Tree locations were grouped according to three classes of increasing traffic volume as a proxy for air pollution. Mean bark pH values have been recorded for each tree individual. The species pairs Quercus robur/rubra and Acer platanoides/saccharinum showed significant differences in the diversity and abundance of lichens, with the alien species showing lower values. The species pair Tilia cordata/tomentosa did not show any significant differences. The number of nitrogen-tolerant lichen species differed little among all tree species. Lichen species richness decreased with increasing traffic volume for all tree species pairs, thus demonstrating the inhibiting effect of traffic on the occurrence of lichens. Bark pH differed little between the species pairs yet high traffic volume resulted in an increased bark pH. In conclusion, two out of three alien species had negative effects on lichen diversity. Further tree species should be assessed to better estimate the effect of alien roadside trees on lichen diversity.

scholarly journals Tree species diversity and structural composition: The case of Durgapur Hill Forest, Netrokona, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. RAYHANUR RAHMAN ◽  
Md. MIZANUR RAHMAN ◽  
Md. ARIF CHOWDHURY ◽  
JARIN AKHTER
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Structural Composition ◽  
Shorea Robusta

Abstract. Rahman MdR, Rahman MdM, Chowdhury MdA, Akhter J. 2019. Tree species diversity and structural composition: The case of Durgapur Hill Forest, Netrokona, Bangladesh. Asian J For 3: 10-19. Tree species diversity and stand structure of Durgapur hill forest were assessed through stratified random sampling method using sample plots of 20 m x 20 m in size during the period of October 2017 to May 2018. A total of 1436 stems of ≥5 cm DBH of 56 tree species belonging to 50 genera and 29 families were enumerated from sample area. Density (855 stem ha-1) and Basal area (29.27 m2 ha-1) of tree species were enumerated. Besides, Shannon-Wiener’s, Margalef’s, Simpson’s and Pielou’s diversity index were recorded for all the tree species. The study showed that the most dominant 10 species have 58% of the total IVI (174.29 out of 300). Where, Acacia auriculiformis showed the maximum Importance Value Index (51.02) followed by Shorea robusta (24.23). Number of individual tree species were highest (49) in the height range of 7- <12 m whereas maximum (52) species were recorded in the DBH (cm) range of 5- <10 cm. However, Acacia auriculiformis, Shorea robusta, and Tectona grandis were found as the most dominant species based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Therefore, current study will be helpful to the future policymakers in formulating forest resource management plan of Durgapur hill forest.

scholarly journals Старі штучні парки як осередки різноманіття епіфітних лишайників Півдня України

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Darmostuk V.V. ◽  
Khodosovtsev A.Ye.
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Total Diversity

Old artificial parks are an important component of the cultural heritage in Southern Ukraine which represents a significant variety of specific habitats for lichen diversity. The aim of our research was to analyze the total lichen diversity in parks as well as the representation of rare and protected species. Most of the data were collected by the authors during expeditions in Southern Ukraine during 2017–2020 in Kherson and Mykolaiv regions. Overall, we identified 108 lichen species and 21 lichenicolous fungi within 17 old parks. The highest lichen diversity was recorded in parks “Labirynt” (66 species) and “Nedogirskyi Forest” (61 species). We found 18 lichen species (16.6 %) included in the Red List of Kherson and Mykolaiv regions and 25 (23.8%) rare forest-dwelling species. We concluded that old artificial parks are very important habitats for lichen diversity in the steppe zone of Ukraine as well as the unique localities for such species as Graphis scripta, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Sclerophora pallida in Southern Ukraine. The total diversity of lichens did nоt have a significant correlation with the total number of tree species due to the dominance of several tree species (Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur), while most other phorophytes are young and represented singly. All old parks should become local reserves to preserve the overall biological diversity in their territories, protect against illegal logging, and regulate potential recreational activities. Keywords: biodiversity, Graphis, Hyperphyscia, Sclerophora, Mykolaiv, Kherson, rare species. Старі штучні парки є важливою складовою природної та культурної спадщини півдня України, яка представляє значну різноманітність специфічних місцезростань для лишайників. Метою нашого дослідження було проаналізувати загальне різноманіття лишайників у старих парках, а також поширення рідкісних видів, та видів, що охороняються. Більшість матеріалів було зібрано під час експедиційних досліджень протягом 2017–2020 років у Херсонській та Миколаївській областях. У цілому, було виявлено 108 видів лишайників та 21 ліхенофільних грибів на території 17 старих парків. Найбільше різноманіття лишайників зафіксовано в парках «Лабіринт» (66 видів) та «Недогірський ліс» (61 видів). Ми виявили 18 видів лишайників (16,6 %), занесених до Червоного списку Херсонської та Миколаївської областей та 26 (24 %) рідкісних видів, які приурочені до штучних лісових біотопів. З огляду на це, старі парки є дуже важливими територіями для збереження різноманіття лишайників у степовій зоні України, а також унікальними місцезростаннями таких видів, як Graphis scripta, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Sclerophora pallida на півдні України.Встановлено, що загальне різноманіття лишайників не мало статистично значущої кореляції із загальною кількістю порід дерев, що може бути пов’язано з домінуванням кількох порід дерев (Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur), тоді як більшість інших форофітів молоді та представлені одиничними екземплярами. Усі старі парки мають увійти до природно-заповідного фонду як ботанічні заказники для збереження загального біологічного різноманіття на своїх територіях, захисту від незаконних вирубок та регулювання потенційної рекреаційної діяльності. Ключові слова: біорізноманіття, Graphis, Hyperphyscia, Sclerophora, Миколаїв, Херсон, рідкісні види.

scholarly journals Understory Species Diversity, Regeneration and Recruitment Potential of Sacred Groves in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Onyekwelu ◽  
A. Lawal ◽  
R. Mosandl ◽  
B. Stimm ◽  
A. D. Agbelade
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Overstory Trees

Abstract Background Global species extinction rates due to forest conversions are increasing. Ecologists, conservationists and governments have adopted various conservation methods. Sacred grove is one conservation option that has gained attention in recent time. We assessed understory species diversity, regeneration and recruitment potentials of four sacred groves in southwestern Nigeria. Overstory tree species were inventoried in eight 800m2 temporary sample plots, systematically laid along two transects of 1000m each. Understory tree species were assessed in 100m2 plots for saplings and 25m2 plots for seedlings in all sample plots. Results Shannon-Wiener diversity index (1.8-3.46 (overstory); 2.65-3.55 (understory)), number of species (32-58 (overstory); 39-78 (understory)) and tree density (309-417 individuals/ha (overstory); 775-1445 individuals/ha (understory)) were comparable and/or higher at the understories than the overstories. Dbh distribution curves showed highest stand density at the lowest class (10–20 cm) and decreased with increasing dbh, indicating good regeneration status and healthy ecosystem. Regeneration was considered good and fair, because in most cases, number of seedlings > saplings > overstory trees or number of seedlings > saplings ≤ overstory trees. The good regeneration status was further confirmed by the good species recruitment in the understory. Some tree species were found to be unique to some sacred groves while some species that were absent in protected forests existed in the groves. The presence of these unique tree species indicated the potential of sacred groves in conserving important tree species. The high regeneration could be attributed to strict access restrictions in the groves, and the taboos and myths feared by the people. However, the high influx of people into sacred groves for festivals and rituals, which results in trampling and burning of seedlings, is a threat to the diversity, regeneration and recruitment potentials of the groves.Conclusion High regeneration and recruitment status maintained in all the sacred groves in this study were achieved using taboos, cultural and traditional methods. These methods could be incorporated in managing forest reserves in Southwestern Nigeria.

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