The psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) regarding Internet gaming disorder in a general population of Chinese adults

AbstractBackground and aimsInternet gaming disorder (IGD) has been recognized as a mental illness. Cognitive and emotional illness representations affect coping and health outcomes. Very little is known about such perceptions related to IGD, in both general and diseased populations. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for IGD in a general population that included mostly non-cases while a small proportion of the sample was IGD cases.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in a random sample of 1,501 Chinese community-dwelling adults (41.3% male; mean age = 40.42, SD = 16.85) in Macao, China.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis identified a modified 6-factor model (i.e., timeline cyclical, consequences, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence, and emotional representations) of 26 items that showed satisfactory model fit and internal consistency. Criterion-related validity was supported by the constructs' significant correlations with stigma (positive correlations: timeline cyclical, consequence, emotional representations; negative correlations: illness coherence). Ever-gamers, compared to never-gamers, reported higher mean scores in the subscales of personal control and illness coherence, and lower mean scores in time cyclical, consequence, and emotional representations. Among the sampled gamers, probable IGD cases were more likely than non-IGD cases to perceive IGD as cyclical and involved more negative emotions.ConclusionsThis study shows that the revised 26-item version of IPQ-R is a valid instrument for assessing illness representation regarding IGD in a general population of Chinese adults. It can be used in future research that examines factors of incidence and prevention related to IGD.

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Relationship Between Illness Representations and Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Young People: Cross-Lagged Model (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28117 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Yang ◽

Kei Man Wong ◽

Rui She ◽

Chengjia Zhao ◽

Nani Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Personal Control ◽

Illness Representations ◽

Self Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Internet Gaming

BACKGROUND The common-sense model of illness suggests that mental representations of health threats may affect one’s behavioral reactions to them and health status. Internet gaming disorder is a newly defined mental disorder. Illness representations of internet gaming disorder may affect one’s risk of internet gaming disorder. In turn, symptoms of internet gaming disorder may affect one’s perceptions of the disorder. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationships between illness representations and symptoms of internet gaming disorder in college students. METHODS A 1-year longitudinal study was conducted with a convenience sample of Chinese college students (n=591; 342/591, 57.9% female). RESULTS Of the participants, 10.1% (60/591) and 9.1% (54/591) were classified as having probable internet gaming disorder at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), respectively. The correlations between some dimensions of illness representations regarding internet gaming disorder (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, and concern) at T1 and symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T2 and between symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T1 and the dimensions of illness representations at T2 (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, and emotional response) were statistically significant. The cross-lagged model fit the data well ((χ<sup>2</sup>/<i>df</i>=2.28, comparative fit index=.95, root mean square error of approximation=.06) and showed that internet gaming disorder at T1 was positively associated with unfavorable illness representations at T2. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with more severe symptoms of internet gaming disorder had more pessimistic perceptions about the disorder. Such cognitive perceptions may affect one’s emotional and behavioral reactions towards the disorder (eg, greater levels of depression and low self-control intention) and should be modified by educational programs and psychological interventions.

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Relationship Between Illness Representations and Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Young People: Cross-Lagged Model

JMIR Serious Games ◽

10.2196/28117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e28117

Author(s):

Xue Yang ◽

Kei Man Wong ◽

Rui She ◽

Chengjia Zhao ◽

Nani Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Personal Control ◽

Illness Representations ◽

Self Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Behavioral Reactions ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Internet Gaming

Background The common-sense model of illness suggests that mental representations of health threats may affect one’s behavioral reactions to them and health status. Internet gaming disorder is a newly defined mental disorder. Illness representations of internet gaming disorder may affect one’s risk of internet gaming disorder. In turn, symptoms of internet gaming disorder may affect one’s perceptions of the disorder. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationships between illness representations and symptoms of internet gaming disorder in college students. Methods A 1-year longitudinal study was conducted with a convenience sample of Chinese college students (n=591; 342/591, 57.9% female). Results Of the participants, 10.1% (60/591) and 9.1% (54/591) were classified as having probable internet gaming disorder at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), respectively. The correlations between some dimensions of illness representations regarding internet gaming disorder (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, and concern) at T1 and symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T2 and between symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T1 and the dimensions of illness representations at T2 (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, and emotional response) were statistically significant. The cross-lagged model fit the data well ((χ2/df=2.28, comparative fit index=.95, root mean square error of approximation=.06) and showed that internet gaming disorder at T1 was positively associated with unfavorable illness representations at T2. Conclusions Individuals with more severe symptoms of internet gaming disorder had more pessimistic perceptions about the disorder. Such cognitive perceptions may affect one’s emotional and behavioral reactions towards the disorder (eg, greater levels of depression and low self-control intention) and should be modified by educational programs and psychological interventions.

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Internet Gaming Disorder Scale--Short Form; Polish Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t70447-000 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Schivinski ◽

Magdalena Brzozowska-Woś ◽

Erin M. Buchanan ◽

Mark D. Griffiths ◽

Halley M. Pontes

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Polish Version

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Estimated Prevalence of Unreported IGD Cases in Routine Outpatient Children and Adolescent Psychotherapy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6787

Author(s):

Sonja Kewitz ◽

Eva Vonderlin ◽

Lutz Wartberg ◽

Katajun Lindenberg

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Report ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Parental Report ◽

Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽

Old Patients ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Icd 10

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 as a diagnosis for further study, and Gaming Disorder as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents. Additionally, it is unclear if patients with IGD are already identified in routine psychotherapy, using the ICD-10 diagnosis F 63.8 (recommended classification of IGD in ICD-10). This study investigated N = 358 children and adolescents (self and parental rating) of an outpatient psychotherapy centre in Germany using the Video Game Dependency Scale. According to self-report 4.0% of the 11- to 17-year-old patients met criteria for a tentative IGD diagnosis and 14.0% according to the parental report. Of the 5- to 10-year-old patients, 4.1% were diagnosed with tentative IGD according to parental report. Patients meeting IGD criteria were most frequently diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders, followed by anxiety disorders, F 63.8, conduct disorders, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (descending order) as primary clinical diagnoses. Consequently, this study indicates that a significant amount of the clinical population presents IGD. Meaning, appropriate diagnostics should be included in routine psychological diagnostics in order to avoid “hidden” cases of IGD in the future.

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