Electrochemically Induced Phase Evolution of Lithium Vanadium Oxide: Complementary Insights Gained viaEx-Situ,In-Situ, andOperandoExperiments and Density Functional Theory

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (22) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiefu Yin ◽  
Wenzao Li ◽  
Mikaela Dunkin ◽  
Esther S. Takeuchi ◽  
Kenneth J. Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Lithium Vanadium Oxide

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the structural evolution of electrode material during electrochemical activity is important to elucidate the mechanism of (de)lithiation, and improve the electrochemical function based on the material properties. In this study, lithium vanadium oxide (LVO, LiV3O8) was investigated using ex-situ, in-situ, and operando experiments. Via a combination of in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and density functional theory results, a reversible structural evolution during lithiation was revealed: from Li poor α phase (LiV3O8) to Li rich α phase (Li2.5V3O8) and finally β phase (Li4V3O8). In-situ and operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) provided tomographic information to visualize the spatial location of the phase evolution within the LVO electrode while inside a sealed lithium ion battery.

Investigation of Structural Evolution of Li1.1V3O8 by In Situ X-ray Diffraction and Density Functional Theory Calculations

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 2364-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Alexander B. Brady ◽  
Christopher J. Pelliccione ◽  
David C. Bock ◽  
Andrea M. Bruck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray

A DFT study of spherands containing five anisyl groups — Highly preorganized to bind the alkali metal

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabaan AK Elroby ◽  
Kyu Hwan Lee ◽  
Seung Joo Cho ◽  
Alan Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Ionic Radius ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Cavity Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Agreement

Although anisyl units are basically poor ligands for metal ions, the rigid placements of their oxygens during synthesis rather than during complexation are undoubtedly responsible for the enhanced binding and selectivity of the spherand. We used standard B3LYP/6-31G** (5d) density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the complexation between spherands containing five anisyl groups, with CH2–O–CH2 (2) and CH2–S–CH2 (3) units in an 18-membered macrocyclic ring, and the cationic guests (Li+, Na+, and K+). Our geometric structure results for spherands 1, 2, and 3 are in good agreement with the previously reported X-ray diffraction data. The absolute values of the binding energy of all the spherands are inversely proportional to the ionic radius of the guests. The results, taken as a whole, show that replacement of one anisyl group by CH2–O–CH2 (2) and CH2–S–CH2 (3) makes the cavity bigger and less preorganized. In addition, both the binding and specificity decrease for small ions. The spherands 2 and 3 appear beautifully preorganized to bind all guests, so it is not surprising that their binding energies are close to the parent spherand 1. Interestingly, there is a clear linear relation between the radius of the cavity and the binding energy (R2 = 0.999).Key words: spherands, preorganization, density functional theory, binding energy, cavity size.

Quantitative Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions in 3‐Cyano‐2‐Pyridones: Evaluation through Single Crystal X‐ray Diffraction and Density Functional Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 5864-5873
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Rai ◽  
Tomasz Sierański ◽  
Shaziya Khanam ◽  
Krishnan Ravi Kumar ◽  
Balasubramanian Sridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals A High-Pressure Investigation of the Synthetic Analogue of Chalcomenite, CuSeO3∙2H2O

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gonzalez-Platas ◽  
Placida Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
Alfonso Muñoz ◽  
U. R. Rodríguez-Mendoza ◽  
Gwilherm Nénert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Modes

Synthetic chalcomenite-type cupric selenite CuSeO3∙2H2O has been studied at room temperature under compression up to pressures of 8 GPa by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and density-functional theory. According to X-ray diffraction, the orthorhombic phase undergoes an isostructural phase transition at 4.0(5) GPa with the thermodynamic character being first-order. This conclusion is supported by Raman spectroscopy studies that have detected the phase transition at 4.5(2) GPa and by the first-principles computing simulations. The structure solution at different pressures has provided information on the change with pressure of unit–cell parameters as well as on the bond and polyhedral compressibility. A Birch–Murnaghan equation of state has been fitted to the unit–cell volume data. We found that chalcomenite is highly compressible with a bulk modulus of 42–49 GPa. The possible mechanism driving changes in the crystal structure is discussed, being the behavior of CuSeO3∙2H2O mainly dominated by the large compressibility of the coordination polyhedron of Cu. On top of that, an assignation of Raman modes is proposed based upon density-functional theory and the pressure dependence of Raman modes discussed. Finally, the pressure dependence of phonon frequencies experimentally determined is also reported.

scholarly journals Structural Refinement and Density Functional Theory Study of Synthetic Ge-Akaganéite (β-FeOOH)

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Donghoon Chung ◽  
Changyun Park ◽  
Woohyun Choi ◽  
Yungoo Song
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Dispersion Correction ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Structural Refinement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Twisted Cube

In this study, we propose a revised structural model for highly ordered synthetic Ge-akaganéite, a stable analogue of tunnel-type Fe-oxyhydroxide, based on the Rietveld refinement of synchrotron X-ray diffraction data and density functional theory with dispersion correction (DFT-D) calculations. In the proposed crystal structure of Ge-akaganéite, Ge is found not only in the tunnel sites as GeO(OH)3− tetrahedra, but also 4/5 of total Ge atoms are in the octahedral sites substituting 1/10 of Fe. In addition, the tunnel structures are stabilized by the presence of hydrogen bonds between the framework OH and Cl− species, forming a twisted cube structure and the GeO(OH)3− tetrahedra corner oxygen, forming a conjugation bond. The chemical formula of the synthetic Ge-akaganéite was determined to be (Fe7.2Ge0.8)O8.8(OH)7.2Cl0.8(Ge(OH)4)0.2.

scholarly journals Novel Cd (II) Coordination Polymers Afforded with EDTA or Trans-1,2-Cdta Chelators and Imidazole, Adenine, or 9-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Adenine Coligands

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Jeannette Carolina Belmont-Sánchez ◽  
María Eugenia García-Rubiño ◽  
Antonio Frontera ◽  
Antonio Matilla-Hernández ◽  
Alfonso Castiñeiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Molecular Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Aqua Ligand ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixed Ligands

Three mixed-ligands of Cd(II) coordination polymers were unintentionally obtained: {[Cd(µ3-EDTA)(Him)·Cd(Him)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (1), {[Cd(µ4-CDTA)(Hade)·Cd(Hade)2]}n (2), and {[Cd(µ3-EDTA)(H2O)·Cd(H9heade)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (3), having imidazole (Him), adenine (Hade) or 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenine (9heade) as the N-heterocyclic coligands. Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained by working with an excess of corresponding N-heterocyclic coligands. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures and thermogravimetric analyses are reported. The chelate moieties in all three compounds exhibit hepta-coordinated Cd centers, whereas the non-chelated Cd center is five-coordinated in 1 and six-coordinated in 2 and 3. Him and Hade take part in the seven-coordinated chelate moieties in 1 and 2, respectively. In contrast, 9heade is unable to replace the aqua ligand of the chelate [Cd (EDTA) (H2O)] moiety in 3. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) behavior of [Cd (H2EDTA) (H2O)]·2H2O in 1 and 3 leads to a residue of CdO, whereas the N-rich compound 2 yields CdO·Cd(NO3)2 as a residue. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations along with molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules computations were performed in adenine (compound 2) and (2-hydroxyethyl)adenine (compound 3) to analyze how the strength of the H-bonding and π-stacking interactions, respectively, are affected by their coordination to the Cd-metal center.

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