Ab Initio Analysis of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACTToday’s conversion of solar energy into electricity is based on silicon, which is pure, eventually crystalline, and its most efficient transitions are away from solar radiation maximum. The continuous search of efficient photovoltaic materials has recently focused on lead-halide organic-inorganic perovskite materials due to the very flexible, sustainable, and forgiving procedure of their fabrication, which is successful even if the concentrations of precursors, and temperature regimes deviate from optimal values. In addition to simple fabrication, this class of materials provides impressively high efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Attention to these materials helps to understand the mechanisms of their high efficiencies and to identify other materials with same type of properties. This work presents computational analysis of photo-induced processes in perovskite materials at ambient temperatures.

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Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites: A Review of the Structural, Optical, and Stability Properties as Well as Their Viability to Replace Lead Halide Perovskites

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8090667 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 667 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Edson Meyer ◽

Dorcas Mutukwa ◽

Nyengerai Zingwe ◽

Raymond Taziwa

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Lead Free ◽

Double Perovskites ◽

Stability Properties ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

Halide Perovskites ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Light Absorbers ◽

Lead Halide

Perovskite solar cells employ lead halide perovskite materials as light absorbers. These perovskite materials have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties, making perovskite solar cells a fast-growing solar technology. Perovskite solar cells have achieved a record efficiency of over 20%, which has superseded the efficiency of Gräztel dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology. Even with their exceptional optical and electric properties, lead halide perovskites suffer from poor stability. They degrade when exposed to moisture, heat, and UV radiation, which has hindered their commercialization. Moreover, halide perovskite materials consist of lead, which is toxic. Thus, exposure to these materials leads to detrimental effects on human health. Halide double perovskites with A2B′B″X6 (A = Cs, MA; B′ = Bi, Sb; B″ = Cu, Ag, and X = Cl, Br, I) have been investigated as potential replacements of lead halide perovskites. This work focuses on providing a detailed review of the structural, optical, and stability properties of these proposed perovskites as well as their viability to replace lead halide perovskites. The triumphs and challenges of the proposed lead-free A2B′B″X6 double perovskites are discussed here in detail.

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Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8110964 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 964 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yue Zhang ◽

Haiming Zhang ◽

Xiaohui Zhang ◽

Lijuan Wei ◽

Biao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Carrier Mobility ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

Hybrid Perovskite ◽

Silicon Based ◽

Major Impediment

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made immense progress in recent years, owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, such as high extinction coefficient, carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy. Since the first appearance in 2009, the efficiency of PSCs has reached 23.3%. This has made them the most promising rival to silicon-based solar cells. However, there are still several issues to resolve to promote PSCs’ outdoor applications. In this review, three crucial aspects of PSCs, including high efficiency, environmental stability, and low-cost of PSCs, are described in detail. Recent in-depth studies on different aspects are also discussed for better understanding of these issues and possible solutions.

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A Transparent Conductive Adhesive Laminate Electrode for High-Efficiency Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Materials ◽

10.1002/adma.201403939 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (44) ◽

pp. 7499-7504 ◽

Cited By ~ 137

Author(s):

Daniel Bryant ◽

Peter Greenwood ◽

Joel Troughton ◽

Maarten Wijdekop ◽

Mathew Carnie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Conductive Adhesive ◽

Inorganic Lead ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Lead Halide

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Facile all-dip-coating deposition of highly efficient (CH3)3NPbI3−xClx perovskite materials from aqueous non-halide lead precursor

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra06074g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (48) ◽

pp. 29010-29017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Adnan ◽

Zobia Irshad ◽

Jae Kwan Lee

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Precursor Solution ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Coating Deposition ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

Halide Solution

Sequential all-dip-coating processed perovskite materials was conducted in an aqueous non-halide lead precursor solution, which was followed by that in a mixed halide solution for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.

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Front Cover: Heterojunction Engineering for High Efficiency Cesium Formamidinium Double-Cation Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (ChemSusChem 5/2018)

ChemSusChem ◽

10.1002/cssc.201800280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 806-806

Author(s):

Yihui Wu ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Shubo Wang ◽

Zenghua Wang ◽

Bing Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Front Cover ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Lead Halide

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Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells

Science ◽

10.1126/science.abc4417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 370 (6512) ◽

pp. 108-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gwisu Kim ◽

Hanul Min ◽

Kyoung Su Lee ◽

Do Yoon Lee ◽

So Me Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Lattice Strain ◽

Urbach Energy ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Strain Relaxation ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Lead Iodide ◽

Α Phase ◽

Carrier Trap ◽

Lead Halide

High-efficiency lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated with α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) stabilized with multiple cations. The alloyed cations greatly affect the bandgap, carrier dynamics, and stability, as well as lattice strain that creates unwanted carrier trap sites. We substituted cesium (Cs) and methylenediammonium (MDA) cations in FA sites of FAPbI3 and found that 0.03 mol fraction of both MDA and Cs cations lowered lattice strain, which increased carrier lifetime and reduced Urbach energy and defect concentration. The best-performing PSC exhibited power conversion efficiency >25% under 100 milliwatt per square centimeter AM 1.5G illumination (24.4% certified efficiency). Unencapsulated devices maintained >80% of their initial efficiency after 1300 hours in the dark at 85°C.

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Origin and Fundamentals of Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Advances in Nanophotonics - Fundamentals and Applications ◽

10.5772/intechopen.94376 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Quasim Khan ◽

Khursheed Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Power Conversion Efficiency ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Power Conversion ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

Lead Halide

In the last few decades, the energy demand has been increased dramatically. Different forms of energy have utilized to fulfill the energy requirements. Solar energy has been proven an effective and highly efficient energy source which has the potential to fulfill the energy requirements in the future. Previously, various kind of solar cells have been developed. In 2013, organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite materials have emerged as a rising star in the field of photovoltaics. The methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite structures were employed as visible light sensitizer for the development of highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In 2018, the highest power conversion efficiency of 23.7% was achieved for methyl ammonium lead halide based PSCs. This obtained highest power conversion efficiency makes them superior over other solar cells. The PSCs can be employed for practical uses, if their long term stability improved by utilizing some novel strategies. In this chapter, we have discussed the optoelectronic properties of the perovskite materials, construction of PSCs and recent advances in the electron transport layers for the fabrication of PSCs.

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