Impact of strain relaxation on performance of α-formamidinium lead iodide perovskite solar cells

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6512) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwisu Kim ◽  
Hanul Min ◽  
Kyoung Su Lee ◽  
Do Yoon Lee ◽  
So Me Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Lattice Strain ◽  
Urbach Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Carrier Trap ◽  
Lead Halide

High-efficiency lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated with α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) stabilized with multiple cations. The alloyed cations greatly affect the bandgap, carrier dynamics, and stability, as well as lattice strain that creates unwanted carrier trap sites. We substituted cesium (Cs) and methylenediammonium (MDA) cations in FA sites of FAPbI3 and found that 0.03 mol fraction of both MDA and Cs cations lowered lattice strain, which increased carrier lifetime and reduced Urbach energy and defect concentration. The best-performing PSC exhibited power conversion efficiency >25% under 100 milliwatt per square centimeter AM 1.5G illumination (24.4% certified efficiency). Unencapsulated devices maintained >80% of their initial efficiency after 1300 hours in the dark at 85°C.

A Transparent Conductive Adhesive Laminate Electrode for High-Efficiency Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. 7499-7504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Bryant ◽  
Peter Greenwood ◽  
Joel Troughton ◽  
Maarten Wijdekop ◽  
Mathew Carnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Conductive Adhesive ◽  
Inorganic Lead ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Enhanced Grain Size and Crystallinity in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Films by Metal Additives to the Single-Step Solution Fabrication Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (55) ◽  
pp. 3237-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahrah S. Almutawah ◽  
Suneth C. Watthage ◽  
Zhaoning Song ◽  
Ramez H. Ahangharnejhad ◽  
Kamala K. Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

ABSTRACTMethods of obtaining large grain size and high crystallinity in absorber materials play an important role in fabrication of high-performance methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells. Here we study the effect of adding small concentrations of Cd2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+salts to the perovskite precursor solution used in the single-step solution fabrication process. Enhanced grain size and crystallinity in MAPbI3 films were obtained by using 0.1% of Cd2+ or Zn2+in the precursor solution. Consequently, solar cells constructed with Cd- and Zn-doped perovskite films show a significant improvement in device performance. These results suggest that the process may be an effective and facile method to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaic devices.

scholarly journals Chemi-Structural Stabilization of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite by Using Embedded Quantum Dots for High-Performance Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Masi ◽  
Carlos Echeverría-Arrondo ◽  
Salim K.P. Muhammed ◽  
Thi Tuyen Ngo ◽  
Perla F. Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Halide Perovskites

<b>The extraordinary low non-radiative recombination and band gap versatility of halide perovskites have led to considerable development in optoelectronic devices. However, this versatility is limited by the stability of the perovskite phase, related to the relative size of the different cations and anions. The most emblematic case is that of formamidinium lead iodine (FAPI) black phase, which has the lowest band gap among all 3D lead halide perovskites, but quickly transforms into the non-perovskite yellow phase at room temperature. Efforts to optimize perovskite solar cells have largely focused on the stabilization of FAPI based perovskite structures, often introducing alternative anions and cations. However, these approaches commonly result in a blue-shift of the band gap, which limits the maximum photo-conversion efficiency. Here, we report the use of PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as stabilizing agent for the FAPI perovskite black phase. The surface chemistry of PbS plays a pivotal role, by developing strong bonds with the black phase but weak ones with the yellow phase. As a result, stable FAPI black phase can be formed at temperatures as low as 85°C in just 10 minutes, setting a record of concomitantly fast and low temperature formation for FAPI, with important consequences for industrialization. FAPI thin films obtained through this procedure preserve the original low band gap of 1.5 eV, reach a record open circuit potential (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 1.105 V -91% of the maximum theoretical V<sub>oc</sub>- and preserve high efficiency for more than 700 hours. These findings reveal the potential of strategies exploiting the chemi-structural properties of external additives to relax the tolerance factor and optimize the optoelectronic performance of perovskite materials.</b>

scholarly journals Front Cover: Heterojunction Engineering for High Efficiency Cesium Formamidinium Double-Cation Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (ChemSusChem 5/2018)

ChemSusChem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-806
Author(s):  
Yihui Wu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Shubo Wang ◽  
Zenghua Wang ◽  
Bing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

scholarly journals Intermediate Phase‐Free Process for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 2102492
Author(s):  
Yeonghun Yun ◽  
Devthade Vidyasagar ◽  
Minho Lee ◽  
Oh Yeong Gong ◽  
Jina Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

scholarly journals The dynamics of methylammonium ions in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelien M. A. Leguy ◽  
Jarvist Moore Frost ◽  
Andrew P. McMahon ◽  
Victoria Garcia Sakai ◽  
W. Kockelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
High Efficiency Solar Cells ◽  
Scattering Measurements ◽  
Quasielastic Neutron ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Abstract Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite can make high-efficiency solar cells, which also show an unexplained photocurrent hysteresis dependent on the device-poling history. Here we report quasielastic neutron scattering measurements showing that dipolar CH3NH3 + ions reorientate between the faces, corners or edges of the pseudo-cubic lattice cages in CH3NH3PbI3 crystals with a room temperature residence time of ∼14 ps. Free rotation, π-flips and ionic diffusion are ruled out within a 1–200-ps time window. Monte Carlo simulations of interacting CH3NH3 + dipoles realigning within a 3D lattice suggest that the scattering measurements may be explained by the stabilization of CH3NH3 + in either antiferroelectric or ferroelectric domains. Collective realignment of CH3NH3 + to screen a device’s built-in potential could reduce photovoltaic performance. However, we estimate the timescale for a domain wall to traverse a typical device to be ∼0.1–1 ms, faster than most observed hysteresis.

scholarly journals Hysteresis Passivation in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Utilizing Facile Chemical Vapor Deposition Process and PCBM Interlayer

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4508
Author(s):  
Chongqiu Yang ◽  
Xiaobiao Shan ◽  
Tao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Lead Iodide

Low-cost, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have the distinguished potential to be next commercialized photovoltaic devices. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was regarded as an excellent choice as compared to solution deposition technique, however, the photovoltaic and stable performance of the former lags behind that of the latter. In this work, we propose a facile CVD pattern to fabricate PSCs, substrates covered by lead iodide (PbI2) sandwich-surrounded by the source methyl-ammonium iodide (CH3NH3I, MAI) powder. Heat and mass transfer, surface reactions are involved in the CVD deposition procedure. Numerical calculations present a uniform distribution of MAI vapor, contributing to homogeneous perovskite films with comparable surface morphologies, crystal structures and photovoltaic performances, despite of the notorious hysteresis. Herein, a PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) interlayer is introduced before the PbI2 coating and the CVD process. Results show that even suffered from the torturous CVD procedure, the PCBM interlayer still works to passivating the bulk and interfacial recombination, reducing the hysteresis, improving the grain structure of perovskite films. Hence, the photovoltaic performance of PSCs enhances by 30%, and the filling factor difference between the forward and the reverse scan reduces to 6%.

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