scholarly journals Glass-Sensors: Assessment of Complex Corrosive Stresses in Conservation Research

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter R. Fuchs ◽  
Hannelore RÖmich ◽  
Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
New Method ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
Conservation Research ◽  
Combined Impact

AbstractGlass sensors, based on K-Ca-silicate glass chips, with a low durability against corrosive stresses, offer a new method for assessing the complex environmental stress situation of monuments and pieces of art. The easy-tohandle technique is able to detect the combined impact of climatic stresses, pollution and microbiological effects as well as synergetic interactions.The chemical composition of the sensitive glasses enables judgements within few months. This way long-term estimates can be obtained without costly long-term investigations.The corrosion progress is determined by microscopy and IR-spectroscopy of the weathered glass sensor surfaces. The sensors are already operating in the field of stained glass window preservation. They monitor the efficiency of different kinds of external protective glazings and the remaining stresses from the in-door environment of cathedrals.

scholarly journals Technical note: A new comprehensive SCAVenging submodel for global atmospheric chemistry modelling

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tost ◽  
P. Jöckel ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
R. Sander ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Precipitation Chemistry ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
New Method

Abstract. We present the new scavenging scheme SCAV, simulating the removal of trace gases and aerosol particles by clouds and precipitation in global atmospheric chemistry models. The scheme is quite flexible and can be used for various purposes, e.g. long term chemistry simulations as well as detailed cloud and precipitation chemistry calculations. The presence of clouds can substantially change the chemical composition of the atmosphere. We present a new method of mechanistically coupling gas phase, aerosol, cloud and precipitation chemistry, which enables studies of feedbacks between multiphase chemistry and transport processes.

scholarly journals Technical note: A new comprehensive SCAVenging submodel for global atmospheric chemistry modelling

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 11157-11181 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tost ◽  
P. Jöckel ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
R. Sander ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Precipitation Chemistry ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
New Method

Abstract. We present the new scavenging scheme SCAV, simulating the removal of trace gases and aerosol particles by clouds and precipitation in global atmospheric chemistry models. The scheme is quite flexible and can be used for various purposes, e.g. long term chemistry simulations as well as detailed cloud and precipitation chemistry calculations. The presence of clouds can substantially change the chemical composition of the atmosphere. We present a new method of mechanistically coupling gas phase, aerosol, cloud and precipitation chemistry, which enables studies of feedbacks between multiphase chemistry and transport processes.

Combined impact of residual inflammatory risk and chronic kidney disease on long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Takahashi ◽  
T Dohi ◽  
T Funamizu ◽  
H Endo ◽  
H Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Stable Cad ◽  
Combined Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Inflammatory status pre-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and post-PCI has been reported not only associated with poor prognosis, but also to impair renal function. Statins reduce cardiovascular events by lowering lipids and have anti-inflammatory impacts, but residual inflammatory risk (RIR) exists. It remains unclear that the synergistic effect of RIR and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on long-term clinical outcome in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing PCI in statin era. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term combined impact of RIR evaluating hs-CRP at follow-up and CKD among stable CAD patients undergoing PCI in statin era. Methods This is a single-center, observational, retrospective cohort study assessing consecutive 2,984 stable CAD patients who underwent first PCI from 2000 to 2016. We analyzed 2,087 patients for whom hs-CRP at follow-up (6–9 months later) was available. High residual inflammatory risk was defined as hs-CRP >0.6 mg/L according to the median value at follow up. Patients were assigned to four groups as Group1 (high RIR and CKD), Group2 (low RIR and CKD), Group3 (high RIR and non-CKD) or Group4 (low RIR and non-CKD). We evaluated all-cause death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal stroke. Results Of patients (83% men; mean age 67 years), there were 299 (14.3%) patients in group 1, 201 (9.6%) patients in group 2, 754 (36.1%) patients in group 3, and 833 (39.9%) patients in group 4. The median follow-up period was 5.2 years (IQR, 1.9–9.9 years). In total, 189 (frequency, 16.1%) cases of all-cause death and 128 (11.2%) MACE were identified during follow-up, including 53 (4.6%) CV deaths, 27 (2.4%) MIs and 52 (4.8%) strokes. The rate of all-cause death and MACE in group 1 was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.001, respectively). There was a stepwise increase in the incidence rates of all-cause death and MACE. After adjustment for important covariates, the presence of high RIR and/or CKD were independently associated with higher incidence of MACE and higher all-cause mortality. (shown on figure). Conclusion The presence of both high RIR and CKD conferred a synergistic adverse effect on the risk for long-term adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing PCI. Kaplan-Meier curve Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Novel robust time series analysis for long-term and short-term prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Okamura ◽  
Yutaka Osada ◽  
Shota Nishijima ◽  
Shinto Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
New Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Least Absolute Deviations ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Long Term Prediction

AbstractNonlinear phenomena are universal in ecology. However, their inference and prediction are generally difficult because of autocorrelation and outliers. A traditional least squares method for parameter estimation is capable of improving short-term prediction by estimating autocorrelation, whereas it has weakness to outliers and consequently worse long-term prediction. In contrast, a traditional robust regression approach, such as the least absolute deviations method, alleviates the influence of outliers and has potentially better long-term prediction, whereas it makes accurately estimating autocorrelation difficult and possibly leads to worse short-term prediction. We propose a new robust regression approach that estimates autocorrelation accurately and reduces the influence of outliers. We then compare the new method with the conventional least squares and least absolute deviations methods by using simulated data and real ecological data. Simulations and analysis of real data demonstrate that the new method generally has better long-term and short-term prediction ability for nonlinear estimation problems using spawner–recruitment data. The new method provides nearly unbiased autocorrelation even for highly contaminated simulated data with extreme outliers, whereas other methods fail to estimate autocorrelation accurately.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to iron and copper in fine particulate air pollution and their combined impact on reactive oxygen species concentration in lung fluid: a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in Toronto, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
Scott Weichenthal ◽  
Jeffrey C Kwong ◽  
Richard T Burnett ◽  
Marianne Hatzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Combined Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), but less is known about its specific components, such as metals originating from non-tailpipe emissions. We investigated the associations of long-term exposure to metal components [iron (Fe) and copper (Cu)] in PM2.5 with CVD incidence. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study in Toronto, Canada. Exposures to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung fluid were estimated using land use regression models. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and CVD death was ascertained using health administrative datasets. We used mixed-effects Cox regression models to examine the associations between the exposures and health outcomes. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including indirect adjustment for individual-level cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. smoking), and adjustment for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Results In single-pollutant models, we found positive associations between the three exposures and all three outcomes, with the strongest associations detected for the estimated ROS. The associations of AMI and CHF were sensitive to indirect adjustment, but remained robust for CVD death in all sensitivity analyses. In multi-pollutant models, the associations of the three exposures generally remained unaltered. Interestingly, adjustment for ROS did not substantially change the associations between PM2.5 and CVD, but attenuated the associations of NO2. Conclusions Long-term exposure to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on ROS were consistently associated with increased CVD death.

Monitoring the Chemical Composition of Air in Case of Interplanetary and Long-Term Space Flights: Problems, Approaches, and Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-713
Author(s):  
Sh. Sh. Nabiev ◽  
G. Yu. Grigor’ev ◽  
A. S. Lagutin ◽  
L. A. Palkina ◽  
A. A. Vasil’ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Space Flights

Chemical Composition of Ice Containing Tephra Layers in the Byrd Station Ice Core, Antarctica

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Palais ◽  
Philip R. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The chemical composition of ice containing tephra (volcanic ash) layers in 22 sections of the Byrd Station ice core was examined to determine if the volcanic eruptions affected the chemical composition of the atmosphere and precipitation in the vicinity of Byrd Station. The liquid conductivity, acidity, sulfate, nitrate, aluminum, and sodium concentrations of ice samples deposited before, during, and after the deposition of the tephra layers were analyzed. Ice samples that contain tephra layers have, on average, about two times more sulfate and three to four times more aluminum than nonvolcanic ice samples. The acidity of ice samples associated with tephra layers is lowered by hydrolysis of silicate glass and minerals. Average nitrate, sodium, and conductivity are the same in all samples. Because much of the sulfur and chlorine originally associated with these eruptions may have been scavenged by ash particles, the atmospheric residence time of these volatiles would have been minimized. Therefore the eruptions probably had only a small effect on the composition of the Antarctic atmosphere and a negligible effect on local or global climate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document