Some Considerations Relating to Growth Chemistry of Amorphous SI and (SI,GE) Films and Devices

2001 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram L. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Bond Breaking ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Actual Growth ◽  
Amorphous Si ◽  
H2 Molecule

ABSTRACTRecent experiments suggest that the chemistry responsible for the growth of amorphous and microcrystalline Si and (Si,Ge) alloys is more complicated than suggested by the standard model of growth. In particular, unexpected phenomena related to the density of ion flux, magnitude of ion energy and the presence of inert gas ions in the discharge suggest that both inert and reactive ion flux profoundly influence the growth of amorphous and microcrystalline films and devices. The influence of the ion flux is particularly important in understanding the growth of high quality a-(Si,Ge):H films. By carefully controlling this flux, we can change significantly the H bonding environment in a-(Si,Ge):H and produce high quality materials and devices. These observations suggest that the standard model of growth, which postulates that the growth is primarily limited by surface diffusion of radicals, and that H is eliminated by spontaneous bond breaking between neighboring Si-H bonds and formation of H2 molecule, does not describe the actual growth chemistry very well. Rather, the growth is limited by both surface diffusion of radicals and more fundamentally, by how rapidly H desorbs from surface and subsurface bonds. Ion induced desorption of excess H is shown to be very important in controlling the growth of both a-Si and a-(Si,Ge):H.

The importance of high-precision hadronic calorimetry to physics

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (33) ◽  
pp. 1644023 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hauptman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Branching Fractions ◽  
High Precision Measurement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Momentum Resolution

The reconstruction and high-precision measurement of the four-vectors of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays to quarks, which constitute nearly 70% of their decay branching fractions, are critical to a high efficiency and high quality experiment. Furthermore, it is crucial that the energy resolution, and consequently the resolution on the invariant mass of the two fragmenting quarks, is comparable to the energy–momentum resolution on the other particles of the standard model, in particular, electrons, photons, and muons, at energies around 100 GeV. I show that this “unification of resolutions” on all particles of the standard model is now in sight, and will lead to excellent physics at an electron–positron collider.

Indirect measurements in micro-space with the EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Compelling Reason ◽  
The Standard Model

At the 1958 meeting of our society, then known as EMSA, the author introduced the concept of microspace and suggested its use to provide adequate information storage space and the use of electron microscope techniques to provide storage and retrieval access. At this current meeting of MSA, he wishes to suggest an additional use of the power of the electron microscope.The author has been contemplating this new use for some time and would have suggested it in the EMSA fiftieth year commemorative volume, but for page limitations. There is compelling reason to put forth this suggestion today because problems have arisen in the “Standard Model” of particle physics and funds are being greatly reduced just as we need higher energy machines to resolve these problems. Therefore, any techniques which complement or augment what we can accomplish during this austerity period with the machines at hand is worth exploring.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

Enhanced Attribute-Based Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol in the Standard Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2156-2167
Author(s):  
Qiang LI ◽  
Deng-Guo FENG ◽  
Li-Wu ZHANG ◽  
Zhi-Gang GAO
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Key Agreement ◽  
Authenticated Key Agreement ◽  
Key Agreement Protocol ◽  
The Standard Model

Beyond the Standard Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Baulieu ◽  
John Iliopoulos ◽  
Roland Sénéor
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Supergravity Models ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Super Symmetry ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Topological Field ◽  
Supersymmetric Theories

The motivation for supersymmetry. The algebra, the superspace, and the representations. Field theory models and the non-renormalisation theorems. Spontaneous and explicit breaking of super-symmetry. The generalisation of the Montonen–Olive duality conjecture in supersymmetric theories. The remarkable properties of extended supersymmetric theories. A brief discussion of twisted supersymmetry in connection with topological field theories. Attempts to build a supersymmetric extention of the standard model and its experimental consequences. The property of gauge supersymmetry to include general relativity and the supergravity models.

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