Local Political Institutions and First-Mover Policy Responses to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-541
Author(s):  
Mirya R. Holman ◽  
Emily M. Farris ◽  
Jane Lawrence Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Local Political Institutions ◽  
First Mover

scholarly journals Political institutions and policy responses during a crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 647-670
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chiplunkar ◽  
Sabyasachi Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Responses

“A Factious, Seditious and Unruly Multitude”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Tony McAleavy
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Political Institutions ◽  
Political Vocabulary

Abstract As a child in Malmesbury, Thomas Hobbes had an opportunity to observe many of the social and political phenomena that he considered in his later work. Contemporary sources reveal that Hobbes lived in a community that was wracked by marked animosity between different social groups, frequent disorder and a lack of consensus about the legitimacy of local political institutions. There was tension between the town’s elite and a proletariat of impoverished workers. Different members of the elite clashed, sometimes violently, as they competed for local ascendancy. Hobbes’s extended family was heavily involved in these events. His hometown was deeply troubled. It was also a place where people had access to some “political” vocabulary which they used when describing their discontents and conflicts. The possible influence of Hobbes’s early experiences on his intellectual development has attracted little previous attention.

The Ties That Bind: Building Civic Capacity for the Tennessee Achievement School District

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Glazer ◽  
Cori Egan
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
Underperforming Schools ◽  
Civic Capacity ◽  
Educational Failure ◽  
Local Political Institutions

The Tennessee Achievement School District (ASD) is among several state-run districts established to turn around underperforming schools. Like other such districts, the ASD removes schools from local control and is not accountable to local political institutions. Despite its authority, the ASD has encountered opposition within Memphis where its schools reside. For those inclined to its market orientation and suspicious of traditional districts, the ASD is an innovative effort to improve outcomes for disadvantaged students. For those that see educational failure in Memphis as the result of social and economic isolation, the ASD appears motivated by profit, paternalism, and racism. A third narrative, largely hidden from view, encompasses people who reject state takeover but seek to confront structural causes of poor performance.

Political regimes and deaths in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cepaluni ◽  
Michael T. Dorsch ◽  
Réka Branyiczki
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Per Capita

This article provides a quantitative examination of the link between political institutions and deaths during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that countries with more democratic political institutions experienced deaths on a larger per capita scale than less democratic countries. The result is robust to the inclusion of many relevant controls, a battery of estimation techniques and estimation with instrumental variables for the institutional measures. Additionally, we examine the extent to which COVID-19 deaths were impacted heterogeneously by policy responses across types of political institutions. Policy responses in democracies were less effective in reducing deaths in the early stages of the crisis. The results imply that democratic political institutions may have a disadvantage in responding quickly to pandemics.

Information, peer comparison and social interdependence: theorising the impacts of COVID-19 on Gulf domestic politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Justin J. Gengler
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Interdependence ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Universal Nature

This article theorizes three layers of impacts of the Coronavirus crisis on internal GCC politics, and then identifies potential causal mechanisms operating at each level. A first and primary layer concerns governance, and revolves around the state’s performance in managing the virus outbreak. A secondary level relates to scarcity and inequality, and is linked to the state’s handling of economic and social knock-on effects of the pandemic. A tertiary level is connected to peer comparison, and involves GCC states’ (lack of) coordination of political responses at the regional or sub-regional level. Several key factors emerge from the investigation as potent catalysts for new political dynamics in the Arab Gulf states. One is the unusual availability and clarity of information about state performance surrounding Covid-19, which stands in stark contrast to the general lack of reliable governance indicators for GCC and other MENA countries. Another is the universal nature of the Coronavirus shock, which allows Gulf citizens and residents to make direct comparisons of state performance and policy responses that may reveal a disproportionately negative (or positive) personal or collective outcome. Third, the person-to-person transmission of Covid-19 shatters the traditional social and geographical segregation of Gulf societies, with once-isolated communities now directly and profoundly impacted by each other’s behavior, preferences, and incentives. Finally, variation in resource endowments and political institutions across the GCC precludes easy regional harmonization of post-Covid social and economic policy, once more inviting individual comparison with relatively advantaged or disadvantaged peers in neighboring states.

Can America Nation-Build?

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Local Political Institutions ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

Post-9/11 security concerns and the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq have renewed scholarly interest in nation-building as a form of externally fostered democratization. The selected works assess Iraq and its precursors, seeking general lessons for establishing new democracies. They principally conclude that successful nation-building depends on sustained commitments of time, materiel, and manpower. Although this thesis improves upon earlier studies of democracy promotion, which often treated intentions as determinative, it does not fully reckon with the effect of antecedent conditions on external intervention. As this review addresses, American efforts at nation-building have historically been enabled or constrained by local political institutions. Rather than autonomously reengineering the target society, nation-builders have buttressed bureaucracies and parliaments where they were already available (Germany, Japan) and foundered in countries that lacked such institutions (Somalia, Haiti). In sum, nation-building has been most effective when pursued least ambitiously, amid functioning states with prior experience in constitutional government.

Introduction to the Special Feature on Dynamic Processes of Rebel Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham ◽  
Cyanne E. Loyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Conflict Processes ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Rebel Governance ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Local Political Institutions ◽  
Conceptual Link ◽  
Cross National

Research on conflict processes has recently highlighted the myriad of tactics rebels use which are not violent in nature (cf. Petrova 2019; Ryckman 2020; Cunningham, Dahl, and Frugé 2017). Concurrently, rebel governance has drawn increasing attention from scholars and peacebuilding practitioners. In-depth historical studies of rebel groups highlight the activities and behaviors that rebels engage in beyond making war—such as providing social services and building local political institutions (Mampilly 2011; Arjona 2016a; Arjona, Kasfir, and Mampilly 2015). Complementing these works, studies have sought to provide cross-national examination of trends in these governance behaviors (Huang 2016; Heger and Jung 2017; Stewart 2018). Despite this work, quantitative and formal research in conflict processes often ignores the insights that the rebel governance literature has generated, frequently focusing exclusively on violent tactics or considering governance issues primarily as part of conflict settlement processes. In this special feature, we work to integrate the study of rebel governance with the conflict processes literature, providing a conceptual link between the two while offering novel contributions to advance our understanding of the dynamic processes of rebel governance.

Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung‐Wook Kwon ◽  
Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Local Political Institutions

Local Political Institutions and Smart Growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar E. Ramírez de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Local Political Institutions

scholarly journals Political Institutions and Policy Responses During a Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chiplunkar ◽  
Sabyasachi Das
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Responses
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