scholarly journals SOME TECHNIQUES IN MICROPROPAGATION AND BREEDING OF Paphiopedilum spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Hoàng Thanh Tùng ◽  
Luan Quoc Vu ◽  
Nhut Duong
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Tissue And Organ Culture ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Paphiopedilum orchids are one of the most popular and rare orchid genera sold and exhibited as pot plants and cut flowers. Their wild populations are under the threat of extinction as a result of over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. Reduction in their commercial value through large-scale propagation in vitro is a preferable option to reduce pressure from illegal collection, to attempt at meeting commercial needs and to re-establish these threatened orchid species back into the wild. Although they are commercially propagated via seed germination in vitro, Paphiopedilum are considered to be difficult to propagate in vitro, especially by plant regeneration from tissue culture. This paper aims to provide the most important techniques on Paphiopedilum propagation mainly including plant, cell, tissue and organ culture techniques applied to in vitro propagation of Paphiopedilum and to emphasize the importance of further improving tissue culture protocols from ex vitro-derived explants of mature plants.

scholarly journals (79) Direct Bulblet Regeneration from Mature Embryo: A Rapid, Efficient and Genotype-independent In Vitro Morphogenesis Pathway for Preservation of Endangered Wild Populations of Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria persica

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066C-1066
Author(s):  
Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh ◽  
Ahmad Khalighi ◽  
Esmaeil Ebrahimie ◽  
Manoochehr Sardari ◽  
Rohangiz Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Heterozygous Plant

Wild populations of Fritillaria sp. have dramatically decreased in Iran because of pest overflow and continual grazing. Previous studies have shown that Fritillaria cannot rapidly and efficiently propagate by traditional methods. In vitro tissue culture techniques have shown high potential for micropropagation of endangered plants. The use of bulb-scale pieces for tissue culture can result in the destruction of the endangered parent plant. Fritillaria is a heterozygous plant in which the genetic content of each embryo is different from others, even on the same plant. In this study, mature embryos of F. imperialis and F. persica were used as explant for the first time. Embryos were extracted from seeds and cultured on B5 medium supplemented with various combinations of BAP (0, 0.1, 1 mg/L), NAA (0, 0.4, 4 mg/L), and IAA (0, 0.4, 4 mg/L). Embryo explant showed low genotype dependency between different heterogenous and heterozygote populations of both F. imperialis and F. persica. The best response of bulblet regeneration in both F. imperialis and F. persica was obtained from 1 mg/L BAP + 0.4 mg/L NAA+4 mg/L IAA and direct organogenesis pathway, with 15 bulblets per explant for F. imperialia and 20 for F. persica. Because of the large number of embryos in a plant and their different genetic contents, established in vitro propagation by using embryo explant in this study can provide broad genetic resources and variations. As explained above, in vitro protocols can play a major role in rescuing F. imperialis and F. persica from extinction.

scholarly journals Organogenic Nodule Formation in Hop: A Tool to Study Morphogenesis in Plants with Biotechnological and Medicinal Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Fortes ◽  
Filipa Santos ◽  
Maria S. Pais
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphogenic Process

The usage ofHumulus lupulusfor brewing increased the demand for high-quality plant material. Simultaneously, hop has been used in traditional medicine and recently recognized with anticancer and anti-infective properties. Tissue culture techniques have been reported for a wide range of species, and open the prospect for propagation of disease-free, genetically uniform and massive amounts of plantsin vitro.Moreover, the development of large-scale culture methods using bioreactors enables the industrial production of secondary metabolites. Reliable and efficient tissue culture protocol for shoot regeneration through organogenic nodule formation was established for hop. The present review describes the histological, and biochemical changes occurring during this morphogenic process, together with an analysis of transcriptional and metabolic profiles. We also discuss the existence of common molecular factors among three different morphogenic processes: organogenic nodules and somatic embryogenesis, which strictly speaking depend exclusively on intrinsic developmental reprogramming, and legume nitrogen-fixing root nodules, which arises in response to symbiosis. The review of the key factors that participate in hop nodule organogenesis and the comparison with other morphogenic processes may have merit as a study presenting recent advances in complex molecular networks occurring during morphogenesis and together, these provide a rich framework for biotechnology applications.

Mutagenesis of in vitro explants of Coffea spp. to induce fungal resistance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
Fatemeh Maghuly ◽  
Vitor Varzea ◽  
Margit Laimer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Tissue

Abstract Coffee is one of the most valuable commodity tree crops worldwide. However, it suffers from several devastating diseases and pests, for example coffee leaf rust and coffee berry borer, whose impact is being amplified by changing climatic conditions. Development of new adapted varieties remains a laborious effort by conventional breeding due to the long juvenile period in tree crops. Plant cell/tissue culture represents the ultimate method to produce large amounts of true-to-type healthy plants and of explants for mutation breeding. In fact, mutation induction combined with in vitro cell/tissue culture techniques has proved to be effective for developing improved cultivars of perennial crops. Prior to mutation breeding, cell and tissue radiosensitivity tests to various mutagens need to be performed, so that optimal treatments can be applied for large population development. Thus, different in vitro explants (plantlet, leaf, callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos) of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora were exposed to different gamma-ray doses (0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy). After 9-21 weeks incubation, a radiosensitivity test was conducted on the different explants and LD50 doses corresponding to 50% of viability or survival of callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos and 50% growth reduction (GR50) of shoot were also determined. Callus explants showed a relatively high radio-resistance (LD30-LD50 50-100 Gy) in comparison with entire plantlets or embryos (LD30-GR50 8-46 Gy). Globular embryo development into plantlets and also leaf area of irradiated plantlets were more severely affected by irradiation than other explants. It was possible to confirm the relative radio-resistance of unicellular explants compared with multicellular explants. Estimation of optimal mutation induction dosage range for various in vitro explants is important for tree crops, especially for coffee improvement.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (KELEMPAYAN) TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A. Rahman ◽  
Norwati Muhammad ◽  
Nor Hasnida Hassan ◽  
Haliza Ismail ◽  
Nazirah Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Commercial Plantation ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Neolamarckia cadamba (kelempayan) is a multipurpose and fast growing timber species. The tree is grown for timber, paper-making and as ornamental plant. It is reported that its barks and leaves possesed medicinal values and its flowers are used in perfumes. The species is also known to be suitable for plywood, packing case, toys and short-fibred pulp. Therefore, mass production of high quality planting material of N. cadamba is important to support plantation program of this species. Here we presented mass production of N. cadamba through tissue culture techniques. Nodal segments derived from in vitro germinated seeds were used and induced direct organogenesis to produce shoots and roots using MS media (1962) and plant growth regulators (BAP and IBA) that are relatively cheaper than previously used methods. The tissue culture technique of N. cadamba developed may help in ensuring supply of planting materials that are feasible for commercial plantation purposes.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Tarenaya rosea (Cleomaceae) from leaf explants

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Lívia da Silva Cordeiro ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Abstract In vitro culture techniques are recognized as efficient strategies for large-scale plant production, as well as providing alternatives for plant conservation. In this study the micropropagation of Tarenaya rosea was established using petiole and foliar blade segments cultivated on MS medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA) and/or 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN). The regeneration rate from explants was evaluated after 30-days in culture, as well as the proliferation rate from explant-derived shoots, reached after four subcultures performed at 30-days in culture. In vitro propagation occurred by both direct (DO) and indirect (IO) organogenesis. The highest regeneration rates by DO (50% to 100%) were reached on media containing only BA, while morphogenic calluses (IO) were mainly formed with BA+KIN. Explants on media with BA showed the presence of small black nodules on their surface, and histological analysis revealed the presence of trichomes with anthocyanin content. Elongation and rooting were reached on growth regulator-free MS. Acclimatization rates around 80% were achieved and the in vitro-regenerated plants were successfully maintained under field conditions. Results show significant morphogenetic potential of T. rosea from leaf explants, mainly when cultivated in the presence of 4.4 µM BA, providing a new alternative source of plant material for biotechnological and in vitro conservation studies.

Vegetative propagation of Sitka spruce

1987 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Allan John ◽  
Bill Mason
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

SynopsisA combination of two vegetative techniques is seen as a possibility for large-scale production of juvenile, rooted Sitka spruce cuttings of improved genotype. Tissue culture techniques, under development, would be used to produce large numbers of stock plants for stem cuttings production. Cuttings techniques, currently under commercial trial, would be used to produce the rooted plants for forest establishment.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wolbachia Host Cell Range via the In Vitro Establishment of Infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Dobson ◽  
Eric J. Marsland ◽  
Zoe Veneti ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
Scott L. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cadra Cautella ◽  
Insect Rearing ◽  
Cell Range ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Insect Cell Lines

ABSTRACT Maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are obligate, intracellular symbionts that are frequently found in insects and cause a diverse array of reproductive manipulations, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, parthenogenesis, and feminization. Despite the existence of a broad range of scientific interest, many aspects of Wolbachia research have been limited to laboratories with insect-rearing facilities. The inability to culture these bacteria outside of the invertebrate host has also led to the existing bias of Wolbachia research toward infections that occur in host insects that are easily reared. Here, we demonstrate that Wolbachia infections can be simply established, stably maintained, and cryogenically stored in vitro using standard tissue culture techniques. We have examined Wolbachia host range by introducing different Wolbachia types into a single tissue culture. The results show that an Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) cell line can support five different Wolbachia infection types derived from Drosophila simulans (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Culex pipiens (Culicidae), and Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae). These bacterial types include infection types that have been assigned to two of the major Wolbachia clades. As an additional examination of Wolbachia host cell range, we demonstrated that a Wolbachia strain from D. simulans could be established in host insect cell lines derived from A. albopictus, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Drosophila melanogaster. These results will facilitate the development of a Wolbachia stock center, permitting novel approaches for the study of Wolbachia infections and encouraging Wolbachia research in additional laboratories.

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