scholarly journals Effect of Glucose on Morphofunctional Properties Chondrocytes in Vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sergey Baranov ◽  
Lyudmila Derevshchikova ◽  
Alina Samitova ◽  
Pavel Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Composite Gel ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Cartilage Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Articular cartilage is a highly specialized dense connective tissue, and can be considered as a composite gel with a relatively low content (5%) of cells, chondrocytes, embedded in the extracellular matrix. Chondrocytes are the only cell type in articular cartilage and are responsible for the biosynthesis and catabolism of the extracellular matrix. Osteoarthritis, the most common cartilage disease, has many independent risk factors, among which is diabetes mellitus, which allows us to hypothesize that different glucose concentrations have a huge effect on the morfunctional properties of chondrocytes in general and on the formation of osteoarthritis in particular. Despite numerous studies, the question of the effect of glucose on cartilage function is still open. In this regard, the study of morphofunctional changes in chondrocytes under the influence of various glucose concentrations is an urgent problem. The following results were obtained: an increase in the concentration of glucose in cell culture has a positive effect on cell viability and proteoglycan synthesis, but at an external glucose concentration of 25 мМ, cells die, while the synthesis of proteoglycans remains at a high level. The higher the concentration of glucose in the nutrient medium, the larger the cell size, which is probably due to hypertrophy of chondrocytes. In the future, the results obtained will be useful for understanding the process of hypertrophy and identifying ways to control it, as well as for a detailed study of other biochemical processes.

scholarly journals Biomimetic Model of Articular Cartilage Based on In Vitro Experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Smyth ◽  
Itzhak Green ◽  
Robert L. Jackson ◽  
R. Reid Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Level Analysis

Articular cartilage is a complicated material to model for a variety of reasons: its biphasic/triphasic properties, heterogeneous structure, compressibility, unique geometry, and variance between samples. However, the applications for a biomimetic, cartilage-like material are numerous and include: porous bearings, viscous dampers, robotic linkages, artificial joints, etc. This work reports experimental results on the stress-relaxation of equine articular cartilage in unconfined compression. The response is consistent with simple spring and damper systems, and gives a storage and loss moduli. This model is proposed for use in evaluating biomimetic materials, and can be incorporated into large-scale dynamic analyses to account for motion or impact. The proposed characterization is suited for high-level analysis of multi-phase materials, where separating the contribution of each phase is not desired.

scholarly journals Articular cartilage collagen birefringence is altered concurrent with changes in proteoglycan synthesis during dynamic in vitro loading

1998 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Király ◽  
M.M. Hyttinen ◽  
J.J. Parkkinen ◽  
J.A. Arokoski ◽  
T. Lapveteläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis

scholarly journals Mechanical Cues: Bidirectional Reciprocity in the Extracellular Matrix Drives Mechano-Signalling in Articular Cartilage

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13595
Author(s):  
Sophie Jane Gilbert ◽  
Cleo Selina Bonnet ◽  
Emma Jane Blain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Physiological Loading

The composition and organisation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the pericellular matrix (PCM), in articular cartilage is critical to its biomechanical functionality; the presence of proteoglycans such as aggrecan, entrapped within a type II collagen fibrillar network, confers mechanical resilience underweight-bearing. Furthermore, components of the PCM including type VI collagen, perlecan, small leucine-rich proteoglycans—decorin and biglycan—and fibronectin facilitate the transduction of both biomechanical and biochemical signals to the residing chondrocytes, thereby regulating the process of mechanotransduction in cartilage. In this review, we summarise the literature reporting on the bidirectional reciprocity of the ECM in chondrocyte mechano-signalling and articular cartilage homeostasis. Specifically, we discuss studies that have characterised the response of articular cartilage to mechanical perturbations in the local tissue environment and how the magnitude or type of loading applied elicits cellular behaviours to effect change. In vivo, including transgenic approaches, and in vitro studies have illustrated how physiological loading maintains a homeostatic balance of anabolic and catabolic activities, involving the direct engagement of many PCM molecules in orchestrating this slow but consistent turnover of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, we document studies characterising how abnormal, non-physiological loading including excessive loading or joint trauma negatively impacts matrix molecule biosynthesis and/or organisation, affecting PCM mechanical properties and reducing the tissue’s ability to withstand load. We present compelling evidence showing that reciprocal engagement of the cells with this altered ECM environment can thus impact tissue homeostasis and, if sustained, can result in cartilage degradation and onset of osteoarthritis pathology. Enhanced dysregulation of PCM/ECM turnover is partially driven by mechanically mediated proteolytic degradation of cartilage ECM components. This generates bioactive breakdown fragments such as fibronectin, biglycan and lumican fragments, which can subsequently activate or inhibit additional signalling pathways including those involved in inflammation. Finally, we discuss how bidirectionality within the ECM is critically important in enabling the chondrocytes to synthesise and release PCM/ECM molecules, growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, under a specified load, to influence PCM/ECM composition and mechanical properties in cartilage health and disease.

Neutrophil migration through in vitro interstitial matrix

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
J. Roemer ◽  
S.R. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Specific Culture

We are developing an in vitro interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) system for study of inflammatory cell migration. Falcon brand Cyclopore membrane inserts of various pore sizes are used as a support substrate for production of ECM by R22 rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Under specific culture conditions these cells produce a highly insoluble matrix consisting of typical interstitial ECM components, i.e.: types I and III collagen, elastin, proteoglycans and fibronectin.

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