scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 13-VALENT PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE: EMERGING DATA FROM INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE, PNEUMONIA, ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA AND NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ralf Rene Reinert ◽  
Bulent Taysi
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage

scholarly journals The Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in the Canadian Population Before Routine Use of the Seven-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Morrow ◽  
Philippe De Wals ◽  
Geneviève Petit ◽  
Maryse Guay ◽  
Lonny James Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: In the United States, implementation of the seven-valent conjugate vaccine into childhood immunization schedules has had an effect on the burden of pneumococcal disease in all ages of the population. To evaluate the impact in Canada, it is essential to have an estimate of the burden of pneumococcal disease before routine use of the vaccine.METHODS: The incidence and costs of pneumococcal disease in the Canadian population in 2001 were estimated from various sources, including published studies, provincial databases and expert opinion.RESULTS: In 2001, there were 565,000 cases of pneumococcal disease in the Canadian population, with invasive infections representing 0.7%, pneumonia 7.5% and acute otitis media 91.8% of cases. There were a total of 3000 deaths, mainly as a result of pneumonia and largely attributable to the population aged 65 years or older. There were 54,330 life-years lost due to pneumococcal disease, and 37,430 quality-adjusted life-years lost due to acute disease, long-term sequelae and deaths. Societal costs were estimated to be $193 million (range $155 to $295 million), with 82% borne by the health system and 18% borne by families. Invasive pneumococcal infections represented 17% of the costs and noninvasive infections represented 83%, with approximately one-half of this proportion attributable to acute otitis media and myringotomy.CONCLUSIONS: The burden of pneumococcal disease before routine use of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was substantial in all age groups of the Canadian population. This estimate provides a baseline for further analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of the vaccine.

Impact of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Children With Acute Otitis Media

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cohen ◽  
Corinne Levy ◽  
Edouard Bingen ◽  
Marc Koskas ◽  
Isabelle Nave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage

scholarly journals Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease and nasopharyngeal carriage in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Hammitt ◽  
Anthony O. Etyang ◽  
Susan C. Morpeth ◽  
John Ojal ◽  
Alex Mutuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catch Up

AbstractBackground10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), delivered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, was introduced in Kenya in January 2011, accompanied by a catch-up campaign in Kilifi County for children <5 years. Coverage with ≥2 PCV10 doses in children 2-11 months was 80% in 2011 and 84% in 2016; coverage with ≥1 dose in children 12-59 months was 66% and 87%, respectively.MethodsClinical and microbiological surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among admissions of all ages at Kilifi County Hospital was linked to the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System from 1999-2016. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) comparing the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine eras, adjusted for confounding, and reported percent reduction in IPD as 1-IRR. Annual cross-sectional surveys of nasopharyngeal carriage were conducted from 2009-2016.FindingsSurveillance identified 667 IPD cases in 3,211,403 person-years of observation. IPD incidence in children <5 years fell sharply in 2011 following PCV10 introduction, and remained low (PCV10-type IPD: 60·8 vs 3·2/100,000 [92% reduction; 95%CI: 78, 97]; overall IPD: 81·6 vs 15·3/100,000 [68% reduction; 95%CI: 40, 83]; 1999-2010 vs 2012-2016). PCV10-type IPD also declined significantly in unvaccinated age groups (<2 months, 5-14 years, ≥15 years), with estimated reductions of 100%, 74%, and 81%, respectively. There was no significant change in the incidence of non-PCV10 type IPD. In children aged <5 years, PCV10-type carriage declined by 74% and non-PCV10-type carriage increased by 71%.InterpretationIntroduction of PCV10 in Kenya resulted in a substantial reduction in PCV10-type IPD in children and adults without significant replacement disease. These findings suggest that routine infant PCV10 immunization programmes with catch-up campaigns will provide substantial direct and indirect protection in low-income settings in tropical Africa.

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