Integrated Mosquito Management and estimating direction and rate of dissemination of Zika virus infected mosquitoes in the port area of Mangalore, India

ABSTRACT The Collier Mosquito Control District, located in southwest Florida, is uniquely positioned in a subtropical environment between the Gulf of Mexico and Everglades National Park. The District's mission is focused on the control of disease vector and nuisance mosquitoes in Collier County, which is accomplished through integrated mosquito management. Hurricane Irma made landfall in the county on September 10, 2017, leaving in its wake tremendous property and infrastructure damage, and it also disrupted communications and airport operations. These factors greatly affected the District's operations and its ability to meet its mission. In addition, the lengthy loss of electrical power forced most residents outdoors, increasing their exposure to mosquitoes. From challenges in completing poststorm treatments to outdated policies that caught us off-guard, the event prompted a new hurricane policy and plan to ensure improved preparedness for the next natural disaster. The poststorm environment also provided a rich foundation for research into mosquito populations after tropical disturbances of this scale. Here we report the impact on the District's aerial mosquito control operations, changes to internal policies, and mosquito population abundance following Hurricane Irma.

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Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous Pod Extract of Adansonia Digitata (Linnaeus, 1753) on Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) Maulik

Nigeria Journal of Entomology ◽

10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 96-102

Author(s):

B. Kamba

Keyword(s):

Plant Material ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Culex Mosquitoes ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

The Mean ◽

Integrated Mosquito Management ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Third Instar Larvae

The study evaluatrd the effect of Baobab, Adansonia digitata pod extract on larvae of Culex quinquefaciatus. The plant material was sun-dried for two weeks and pulverized using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further processes. Powdered plant material was extracted using aqueous cold extraction method. The condensed extract was screened for phytochemicals. Indoor resting adult blood-fed female Culex mosquitoes were collected and introduced into Entomological Cages in the Laboratory and oviposited on water in the bowls. The third instar larvae were confirmed as Cx. quinquefasciatus using Hopkins keys for Culicinae. Triplicates of twenty-five late third instar larvae were tested in pod extract concentrations of 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.0mg/L and 2.50mg/L. Mortality was recorded after 24hr of exposure. The LC50 was determined using probit analysis, while one-way ANOVA was used to establish significant differences in larval mean mortality. Phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids were present. The mean mortality of test concentrations differed significantly (p≤0.05) from control. However, the concentrations: 0.5mg/L and 8.0mg/L had 49% and 71% mortalities, respectively with LC50 of 0.6mg/L. It can be concluded that, the aqueous pod extract of Adansonia digitata demonstrated good activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Adansonia digitata pod extracts has potential for controlling larvae of Culex mosquitoes and can be incorporated into integrated mosquito management programme.

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Protecting Australia from disease vectors: exotic mosquito management at the border

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma18032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angus Sly ◽

Callum Mack

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Disease Vectors ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Strong Focus ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

And Control

Mosquitoes, through the diseases they transmit, are considered the deadliest animals in the world1. While Australia is relatively free of many of the mosquito species capable of transmitting diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus, Australia is not immune to the risk of these arboviruses becoming endemic through the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors. In 150 separate instances there were 525 individual exotic mosquitoes detected at the Australian border between 2014 and 2017 (Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, unpublished data). Accordingly, there is a strong focus on surveillance and control activities to prevent exotic mosquito incursions and possible local establishment.

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Integrated Mosquito Management: Is Precision Control a Luxury or Necessity?

Trends in Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Caroline Fouet ◽

Colince Kamdem

Keyword(s):

Precision Control ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

Integrated Mosquito Management

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Zika Virus: Endemic Versus Epidemic Dynamics and Implications for Disease Spread in the Americas

10.1101/041897 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sharon Bewick ◽

William F. Fagan ◽

Justin Calabrese ◽

Folashade Agusto

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Disease Spread ◽

Disease Dynamics ◽

Disease Response ◽

Epidemic Dynamics ◽

Initial Wave ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

Minimal Benefit

AbstractSince being introduced into Brazil in 2014, Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread explosively across Central and South America. Although the symptoms of ZIKV are generally mild, recent evidence suggests a relationship between prenatal exposure to ZIKV and microcephaly. This has led to widespread panic, including travel alerts and warnings to avoid pregnancy. Because ZIKV is an emerging disease, response efforts are complicated by limited understanding of disease dynamics. To this end, we develop a novel state- and class-structured compartment model for ZIKV. Our model shows that the risk of prenatal ZIKV exposure should decrease dramatically following the initial wave of disease, reaching almost undetectable levels in endemic systems. Our model also suggests that, depending on ZIVK transmission levels in the Americas, efforts to reduce ZIKV prenatal exposures through mosquito management and avoidance may have minimal benefit, and may even result in increased risk of microcephaly in later years of an outbreak.

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Susceptibility of South Texas Aedes aegypti to Pyriproxyfen

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 460

Author(s):

Jose G. Juarez ◽

Selene M. Garcia-Luna ◽

Christopher M. Roundy ◽

Alyssa Branca ◽

Michael G. Banfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Growth Regulator ◽

Insect Growth Regulator ◽

South Texas ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Insect Growth ◽

Mosquito Management ◽

Chemical Products ◽

Larval Bioassay ◽

Integrated Mosquito Management

An integral part to integrated mosquito management is to ensure chemical products used for area-wide control are effective against a susceptible population of mosquitoes. Prior to conducting an intervention trial using an insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, in South Texas to control Aedes aegypti, we conducted a larval bioassay to evaluate baseline levels of susceptibility. We used seven serially-diluted doses ranging from 2.5 ppb to 6.3 × 10−4 ppb. We observed 100% inhibition emergence (IE) at even the lowest dose of 6.3 × 10−4 ppb in our susceptible reference colony of Ae. aegypti Liverpool. In our field strain of Ae. aegypti (F5 colonized from South Texas) we observed 79.8% IE at 6.3 × 10−4 ppb, 17.7% IE at 1.25 × 10−3 ppb, 98.7% IE at 1.25 × 10−2 ppb, and 100% emergence inhibition for the remainder of the doses. Given that commercial pyriproxyfen products are labeled for doses ranging to 50 ppb, we conclude that the field population sampled by this study are susceptible to this insect growth regulator.

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