scholarly journals ESTUDO DO CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM CULTURA DE SOJA IRRIGADA

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Pitelli Turco ◽  
Jarbas Dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Edemo João Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Class A ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Class A Pan

ESTUDO DO CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM CULTURA DE SOJA IRRIGADA  José Eduardo Pitelli Turco; Jarbas Dos  Santos Junior;  Edemo João FernandesDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900,  Jaboticabal, SP [email protected]  1        RESUMO             Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o consumo e custo de energia elétrica em cultura de soja, submetida a quatro regimes de irrigação: T1 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 40% da reserva utilizável (RU); T2 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 60% da RU; T3 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 80% da RU; T4 – sem irrigação; T5 – irrigação efetuada quando o esgotamento da água do solo atingiu 40% da RU. Sendo que, para T1, T2 e T3 a lamina de água determinada pelo ETo foi obtido pelo método do tanque Classe A, já para T5 o ETo foi obtido pelo método de Penman-Monteith. A cultura da soja foi irrigada com um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional. O consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de irrigação foi medido por meio da utilização de um Medidor de Energia (mod. Microvip3 - Elcontrol, Itália). Os resultados desse estudo mostraram que os tratamentos irrigados com maior freqüência apresentaram menor relação consumo de energia elétrica / produção de grãos. UNITERMOS: consumo de energia elétrica e custo de energia elétrica, soja  TURCO, J. E. P.; SANTOS JUNIOR, J.; FERNANDES, E. J.CONSUMPTION AND ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRIC ENERGY ONIRRIGATED SOYBEAN CROP  2        ABSTRACT             The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the consumption and electricity costs of electric energy on soybean crop under four irrigation regimes: T1 - irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 40% of available reserve; T2 irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 60% of available reserve; T3 - irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 80% of available reserve; T4 – no irrigation; T5 – irrigation started when the soil water depletion reached 40% of available reserve. The water consumption of the T1, T2 and T3 was determined by Class A pan evaporation, and for T5 by Penman – Montheith method. The soybean crop was irrigated with a conventional sprinkle system. The consumption of electric energy of irrigation system was measured by a Measurer of Energy (mod. Microvip3 - Elcontrol, Italy). The results of this study showed that treatments irrigated with larger frequency present smaller relationship consumption of electric energy / grain yield.   KEYWORDS: consumption of energy, electricity costs, soybean. 

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TRÊS MÉTODOS PARA ESTIMAR LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edemo João Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Water Depletion ◽  
Class A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Class A Pan

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TRÊS MÉTODOS PARA ESTIMAR LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  Edemo João FernandesDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected]  1        RESUMO Para comparação entre três métodos de estimativas de laminas de água para irrigação, um experimento foi instalado na área demonstrativa e experimental de irrigação (ADEI), contendo quatro tratamentos: ETc (T1) - irrigação baseada em estimativa da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc); Tensiometria (T2 e T3) - a irrigação foi efetuada em função das leituras dos dados de tensiômetros instalados a 40 cm de profundidade e Testemunha (T4) ‑ irrigado somente para promover a emergência das plântulas. Os métodos do tanque classe A e esgotamento de água no solo (EAS) mostraram bons resultados quando se pretende irrigar a cultura sem restrição hídrica. O método de Katerji é interessante quando se deseja economia de água. A freqüência de irrigação foi mais importante para a maior produtividade do que a quantidade de água aplicada na cultura. UNITERMOS: tanque classe A, método Katerji, esgotamento de água no solo, tensiômetro.  FERNANDES, E.J. COMPARISION AMONG THREE METHODS TO ESTIMATE IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENT  2 ABSTRACT An experiment with four treatments was carried out on the experimental area of ADEI to compare three methods of water use requirement: ETc (T1) - irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc); Tensiometers (T2 and T3) – irrigations were made through reading of tensiometers installed at 40 cm deep and, Control (T4) – only one irrigation to promote the seedlings emergence. Both Class A pan and soil water depletion methods presented good results when the crop was developed without restraint of water. The Katerji method can be utilized in conditions of water restriction. Irrigation frequency was more important than amount of applied water for higher yield. KEY WORDS: class A pan, Katerji method, water depletion, tensiometer.

Growth and yield of rice under sprinkler irrigation on a free-draining soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Blackwell ◽  
WS Meyer ◽  
RCG Smith
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
New South ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Class A ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Class A Pan

A line-source sprinkler irrigation system was used to study rice growth under irrigation on a free-draining soil in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales. Ponded rice was grown on the same soil for comparison. Seven levels of sprinkler water application were examined, ranging from 26 to128% of Class 'A' pan evaporation. Apparent efficiency of water use ranged from 3.4 kg of grain/mm for the highest yielding sprinkler treatment to 1.85 kg of grain/mm for the highest yielding ponded treatment. Excellent weed control was achieved by herbicides applied through a sprinkler system.

CONSUMO E CUSTO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA EM FEIJÃO IRRIGADO AFETADO POR QUATRO MÉTODOS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Pitelli Turco ◽  
Gilcileia Dos Santos Rizzatti ◽  
Paulo José Desidério De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

A irrigação é responsável por grande parte do consumo de energia elétrica no meio rural. O correto manejo da irrigação evita o desperdício de energia elétrica e de água. Com este trabalho o objetivo foi analisar o consumo e custo de energia elétrica em cultura do feijoeiro IAC-Carioca, irrigado por aspersão convencional, submetido a quatro métodos de manejo de irrigação: T1 - irrigação em função do método do tanque “Classe A”; T2 - irrigação em função da umidade do solo, medida com tensiômetros; T3 - irrigação em função do método de Penman-Monteith; T4 - irrigação em função da razão de Bowen; comparados com o tratamento T5 - sem irrigação, após o estabelecimento da cultura. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Área Demonstrativa e Experimental de Irrigação - ADEI, da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, no ano de 2010. O consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de irrigação foi monitorado e o custo analisado para dois grupos tarifários: A e B, sendo os preços do kWh dos sistemas tarifários de energia elétrica obtidos na Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz (CPFL). O sistema tarifário Grupo B, com desconto especial para irrigantes no período noturno foi a opção mais adequada para a cultura do feijoeiro. O consumo e custo de energia elétrica foi maior no manejo de irrigação por tensiometria e menor no método por Penman-Monteith.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tanque “Classe A”, tensiômetro, Penman-Monteith, Razão de Bowen.ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION AND COST IN BEAN IRRIGATED AFFECTED BY FOUR METHODS OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENTABSTRACT: Irrigation is responsible for much of the energy consumption in rural areas. The correct management of irrigation avoids the waste of electric energy and water. The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption and cost of electric energy in bean crop, IAC-Carioca, irrigated by conventional aspersion, submitted to four irrigation management: T1- irrigation in function of the method "Class A" pan, T2- irrigation depending on soil moisture, measured with tensiometers; T3- irrigation according to the Penman-Monteith; T4- irrigation according to the Bowen ratio; compared with the treatment T5- without irrigation, after crop establishment. The research was developed at the Demonstrative and Experimental Area of Irrigation - ADEI, of FCAV/UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, in the year of 2010. The irrigation system electric energy consumption was monitored and the cost analyzed for two tariff groups: A and B. The prices of kWh of the tariff systems of electric energy had been gotten in the Sao Paulo Company of Force and Light (CPFL).  The tariff system Group B, with special discount for irrigation during night time was the most appropriate option. The consumption and cost of electric energy was higher in irrigation management by tensiometers and shorter in the method by Penman-Monteith.KEYWORDS: “Class A” pan, tensiometer, Penman-Monteith, Bowen ratio.

scholarly journals ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF TRICKLE AND FLOOD-IRRIGATED GRAPEFRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109b-1109
Author(s):  
Dariusz Swietlik
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

Root distribution of trickle–and flood-irrigated 4-year-old `Ray Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) trees on sour orange (C. aurantium L.) rootstock was studied utilizing a trench method. Irrigation treatments were: flooding at 50% soil water depletion, trickle irrigation (2 drippers per tree) at 0.5 Class A Pan evaporation or at 0.02 MPa soil tension. Two trees from each treatment were studied. Five 2.5 m deep trenches positioned perpendicular or parallel to the tree row at 0.6, 2.1, or 4.3 m from the tree trunks were dug per tree. After washing off a 0.5 cm thick layer of soil from the trench wall, 0.5 cm long root sections were marked on a transparent plastic film attached to the wall. Many roots of trickle-irrigated trees grew past the trickle wetted zone and extended beyond 2.1 but not 4.3 m of the trunk. However, the roots of flood-irrigated trees were present at all distances from the trunk. From 26 to 51% of the roots of trickle–irrigated trees were found 90-230 cm deep, despite the clayey texture of the top 1 m of soil which was underlaid by a sandy clay loam. The root systems-of flood-irrigated trees were shallower and in most cases confined to the top 90 cm soil layer.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation on Sweetpotato Yields

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 606b-606
Author(s):  
Eric Simonne ◽  
James Bannon ◽  
Marvin Ruf
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Class A ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
Class A Pan

Sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas L.) is a drought-tolerant crop mostly produced without irrigation. Consequently, sweetpotato may be exposed to temporary water stress. In 1997, an irrigation scheduling model using a water balance and class A pan evaporation (Ep) was evaluated with `Beauregard' on a loam sandy soil. The model was (12.7 DAT + 76) 0.5 ASW = DDAT-1 + [Ep (0.12 + 0.023 DAT – 0.00019 DAT2) – RDAT – IDAT], where DAT is days after transplanting (DAT = 0 on 20 June), ASW is available soil water (15%), D is soil water deficit (mm), R is rainfall (mm), and I is irrigation (mm). Root depth expanded at a rate of 13 mm/day to a maximum depth of 305 mm. Irrigation rates ranging between 0 and 145% of the model rate were created with sprinklers. The model scheduled 10 irrigations between DAT = 26 and 116 (harvest). Irrigation did not alter storage root quality, but did influence all the marketable grades (P < 0.01; R2 > 0.87). However, between 0 and 129% yield increases were linear and small, suggesting that the model overestimated sweetpotato water use. Thus, deficit irrigation between 50% to 70% of the model would have a limited effect on sweetpotato yields.

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Class A ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Class A Pan

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA  Reginaldo Ferreira SantosCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica da UNIOESTE- CP 711CEP 858114-110, Cascavel, PR - Fone: 0XX45 2203155.  E-mail: [email protected] Evaldo KlarDepartamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica- UNESP - CEP 18603-970 - Botucatu, SP. CP: 237.  E-mail:  [email protected]  1  RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição da evaporação no interior de uma estufa plástica, com uma cultura de pimentão, através da variabilidade espacial e comparar a evaporação dos microevaporímetros com os valores do Tanque classe "A". O experimento foi conduzido no Campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista - FCA/UNESP, no período de primavera, em estufa plástica de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD). Na distribuição da evaporação em estufa com orientação norte/sul, verificou-se que as maiores evaporações ocorreram nas extremidades sul e norte tendente ao lado oeste. Já as menores evaporações localizaram-se no centro. No período de primavera, a evaporação média nos microevaporímetros superestimou em 55% a evaporação determinada no Tanque classe "A". UNITERMOS: evaporação, geoestatística, estufa.  SANTOS, R.F, KLAR, A.E.  EVAPORATION DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A PLASTIC TUNNEL IN THE SPRING SEASON  2  ABSTRACT                 The main aim of this study was to verify the evaporation distribution inside a plastic tunnel, with pepper crop, oriented to north/south, through spatial variability and to compare Class A Pan evaporation to punctual evaporations of 40 equidistant microevaporimeters placed from 50cm the soil. The study was carried out at the College of Agricultural Sciences/UNESP, Botucatu – SP in the spring season.  The highest evaporation occurred next to north and to south sides of the tunnel, with tendency to west. Consequently, the lowest evaporations occurred at the center area. The microevaporimeter evaporations were 55% higher than those obtained from Class A Pan. KEYWORDS: evaporation distribution, microevaporimeter.

scholarly journals Annual Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation via GIS Models of Three Empirical Methods Employing Remotely Sensed Data for the Peloponnese, Greece, and Comparison with Annual MODIS ET and Pan Evaporation Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Stavroula Dimitriadou ◽  
Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Class A ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
Class A Pan

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) has been insufficiently investigated in Greece. This study aimed to estimate annual ETa by empirical methods (Turc, modified Turc, and Coutagne) for the Peloponnese, Greece, a Mediterranean testbed, between 2016–2019, four of the warmest years since the preindustrial era, and compare them to MODIS ET. Furthermore, measurements of annual pan evaporation (Epan) were performed for two Class A pan stations in the Peloponnese with different reliefs and conditions. The empirical methods and statistical formulae (RMSD, MB, and NMB) were developed as models in ArcMap. The outcomes of the Turc method resembled MODIS ET ranges for all years, followed by those of Coutagne. The estimates by the modified Turc method were almost identical to MODIS ET. Therefore, the modified Turc method can be used as an alternative to MODIS ET (and vice versa) for the Peloponnese for 2016–2019. Moreover, the Epan at Patras University station (semiurban, low elevation) exhibited an upward trend resembling the trends of the empirical methods over the study years, whereas the Epan at Ladonas station (higher elevation, lakeside) required investigation on a monthly time scale. Additionally, the gradual decrease of pan-water icing at Ladonas in December (from 20 d in 2016 to 0 d in 2019) could imply an undergoing decrease in snowpack storage retention across the mountains of the Peloponnese.

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