X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis in Biology and Medicine

X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is widely used when determining the concentrations of elements in various materials in biological research. Current review considers the achievements related to the features of the XRF method. X-ray fluorescence analysis in most cases is a non-destructive method that has proven its potential for measuring the concentrations of elements with a high atomic number Z in organs and tissues in vivo. The main areas of its application in biology and medicine are content determination of basic and toxic elements in plants, samples of bones, teeth, hairs, nails and tissues of vital organs, body fluids such as blood, serum, plasma, saliva, urine, etc. Usually, these studies are part of applied programs that include environmental and metabolic analyses of the population, including the influence of professional factors. The advantages of XRF are also discussed with regards to biological materials. It is noted that the form of the element in the sample practically does not affect the analysis result. In recent years, several new XRF spectrometers models have been designed, where polycapillary lenses and half lenses are used as collimating systems. This is important in the case of in vivo application of X-ray fluorescence determination of certain elements in bones and tissues. The dynamic development is typical for detectors with thermoelectric cooling. Variants of preparation of biological materials for analysis are discussed (grinding, dry or wet ashing, acid decomposition, use of suspensions in the case of XRF with TIR). The results of evaluating the interelement effects for XRF of materials of plant origin, including herbs, spices, apple leaves, birch and tomato leaves, tea, wheat, rye, rice, oatmeal, flax flour, beans, ground, and instant coffee are presented. Examples of the use of XRF in various types of forensic research are considered: poisoning, counterfeiting of drugs and food brands, dental implants, identification of remains. The review presents examples of the participation of Russian X-ray physicists in solving the problems under consideration. The list of references is 400 papers, mainly including the publications of the last 20 years.

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Determination of lead at physiological level in human biological materials using the total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

X-Ray Spectrometry ◽

10.1002/xrs.2707 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Kubala-Kukuś ◽

D. Banaś ◽

U. Majewska ◽

I. Stabrawa ◽

J. Wudarczyk-Moćko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Biological Materials ◽

Total Reflection ◽

Physiological Level ◽

X Ray

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Sensitivity of in Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence Determination of Skeletal Lead Stores

Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal ◽

10.1080/00039896.1990.10118744 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 268-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rosemary K. Sokas ◽

Anatole Besarab ◽

Melissa A. McDiarmid ◽

Irving M. Shapiro ◽

Peter Bloch

Keyword(s):

X Ray ◽

Fluorescence Determination

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Grazing-incidence x-ray fluorescence analysis for non-destructive determination of In and Ga depth profiles in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber films

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.4821267 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (11) ◽

pp. 113904 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. Streeck ◽

S. Brunken ◽

M. Gerlach ◽

C. Herzog ◽

P. Hönicke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

X Ray ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Non Destructive

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Lead and Barium in Archaeological Roman Skeletons Measured by Nondestructive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800007606 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 377-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Ahlgren ◽

J.-O. Christoffersson ◽

S. Mattsson

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Body Burden ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Social Classes ◽

X Ray ◽

Lead Pipes ◽

Total Body ◽

Non Destructive

Lead is a non-essential toxic metal of considerable topicality. It is accumulated in the skeleton, which contains 90% of the total body burden.It is known that during the Roman period the intake of lead was high. The Romans used kitchen utensils made of lead and lead pipes for drinking water. The most important source of lead for people of the upper social classes was sapa, a compound added to wine to sweeten and perserve it.Using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis, lead and barium concentrations of archaeological Roman bones have been measured. We have earlier used a similar technique to determine lead concentration in the human skeleton in vivo.

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Parameter studies for an optimized XRF-determination of Pb in bone

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1154/1.2204071 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 148-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N. Cernohlawek ◽

P. Wobrauschek ◽

C. Streli ◽

N. Zoeger

Keyword(s):

Anode Materials ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Body Burden ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Equivalent Material ◽

Silicon Drift Detector ◽

X Ray ◽

Tissue Equivalent

One of the main threats to human health from heavy metals is associated with the exposure to lead (Pb). In vivo X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of human bone is a widely used technique to determine the total Pb body burden. The intention of this work was to study the feasibility of in vivo L-shell XRF measurements of Pb in bone using X-ray tubes as excitation sources. Parameter studies using direct tube excitation with various anode materials (Mo and W) and filters as well as different secondary targets and low-Z polarizers were performed with regard to the lowest limits of detection (LLD) achievable for Pb in bone matrix. A breakthrough for the development of a portable spectrometer was achieved by using an air-cooled low-power (50 W) Pd anode X-ray tube, Mo secondary target, and a Peltier-cooled silicon drift detector. LLDs for Pb in bone were determined from measurements on a plaster-of-paris standard without overlying tissue equivalent material and found to be around 0.6 μg∕g.

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CALIBRATION OF A TABLETOP CONFOCAL MICROBEAM X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETER FOR A QUANTITATIVE DEPTH PROFILES EVALUATION

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz216 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 186 (2-3) ◽

pp. 268-273

Author(s):

Radek Prokeš ◽

Tomáš Trojek

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

Calibration Procedure ◽

X Ray ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Sample Composition ◽

Confocal Volume ◽

Energy Dependent ◽

Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract Confocal micro-beam X-ray fluorescence analysis (confocal micro-XRF) is a non-destructive analytical tool for investigation of sample composition that enables acquiring three-dimensionally resolved information. This work describes a calibration procedure of a laboratory confocal micro-XRF setup, which leads to determination of its characteristic parameters. The calibration is performed using a tabletop confocal micro-XRF spectrometer designed recently at the Czech Technical University in Prague. The calibration procedure performed within this work comprises the essential steps of the setup characterization: excitation spectrum calculation, experimental determination of energy-dependent confocal volume size and integral sensitivity and calculation of the spectrometer sensitivity function. The results of the setup calibration will be used for development of a procedure enabling quantitative evaluation of the measured depth profiles.

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FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS X POR DISPERSÃO DE ENERGIA APLICADA À CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE TIJOLOS DE SÍTIOS HISTÓRICOS DE PERNAMBUCO

CLIO – Arqueológica ◽

10.20891/clio.v34n1p163-193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Helen Jamil Khoury ◽

Roberto Araújo ◽

Sandra De Brito Barreto ◽

Viviane Khoury Asfora

Keyword(s):

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Para Determinar ◽

Historical Sites ◽

Non Destructive

No presente trabalho são 1 apresentados os resultados de estudos por fluorescência de raios X de tijolos brasileiros. Neste estudo foram avaliados 22 tijolos, sendo sete de Igarassu, dois do Forte do Brum e 13 de Olinda. Um equipamento portátil de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia foi desenvolvido para este estudo. Análises por difração de raios X também foram efetuadas para determinar as fases cristalinas presentes nos tijolos. Os resultados mostraram a existência de fases minerais, como quartzo, em todos os tijolos avaliados. A Análise da Componente Principal foi aplicada aos dados dos espectros de fluorescência de raios X obtidos. Os resultados mostraram que a partir do gráfico de scores das componentes principais CP1 e CP3, respectivamente representadas pelo Fe e Ca, foi possível separar os tijolos de Igarassu e do Forte do Brum em cinco grupos, que estavam associados com o século de fabricação. Por sua vez, os tijolos de Olinda foram separados em dois grupos, sendo um formado por um único tijolo e o outro grupo pelos demais tijolos. Estes resultados sugerem que os tijolos foram produzidos com diferentes matérias primas ou em diferentes locais. ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE APPLIED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BRICKS OF PERNAMBUCO HISTORICAL SITESABSTRACTThis work presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of Brazilian bricks, collected from several historical sites of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. In this study, twenty two bricks were analyzed; seven from Igarassu, two from Forte do Brum in Recife, and thirteen from Olinda. A portable X-ray fluorescence system was assembled and used for the qualitative determination of the chemical elements present in the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the crystal mineral phases in the bricks. All the bricks studied showed several minerals, such as quartz A Principle Component Analysis was applied to the full X-ray fluorescence spectra. In the score plot of principal components PC1 and PC3, represented by Fe and Ca respectively, it can be seen that the results for the bricks from Igarassu and Forte do Brum may be grouped in five clusters corresponding to the bricks´ century and manufacture locations. The analysis of the Olinda bricks yielded two separate groups, one with a single brick and the second group with the other eleven bricks. These results suggest that the bricks were produced with different raw-materials or manufactured in different locations.KEYWORDS: non-destructive analysis; X-ray fluorescence; cultural heritage; bricks; X-ray diffraction.

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Spatial Distribution of Metal Ions in Spruce Wood by Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.1999.078 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 474-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Annica Berglund ◽

Harald Brelid ◽

Anders Rindby ◽

Per Engström

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Ion Analysis ◽

Before And After ◽

Non Destructive

Summary The possibility of using synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μ -XRF) for the determination of the morphological distribution of inorganic elements in wood has been investigated. A number of samples were analyzed and some of the results are presented in this paper. The new application of the method showed good results and it was concluded that the technique is useful for specific in situ metal ion analysis of wood. One of its special advantages is that it is a non-destructive method, which may allow analysis of the same sample before and after a chemical treatment. This study shows the natural distribution of a selection of metal ions in wood. Some differences in the distribution and amount of certain metals could also be observed in a sample that had been subjected to treatment with an EDTA-solution.

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