Demographic Development of Russia and Belarus in the 21st Century in the Context of the Introduction of the Active Longevity Concept

Demographic development belongs to the group of the primary social and developmental issues, and the demographic processes and tendencies in the population trends are included in the basic social processes which are expressed by the demographic (that is, synthetic social) indicators. The process of the depopulation of Vojvodina is a result of the several-decades long decrease in birthrate, ageing of the population and mortality rate which is related to a series of historical, socioeconomic, cultural educational, specifically local, family, as well as psychological factors. Unfavourable demographic circumstances in Vojvodina started already in the 1920s, and became more pronounced after World War II, in 1989 resulting in the negative natural increase (-1%o), in the process of a more intensive decrease in the population which today, in the 21st century, acquires greater dimensions (-4,7%o in 2002), creating not only disturbances in the demographic, but also in the economic-social structures. Taking into account the far-developed process of demographic ageing of the population of Vojvodina and the accepted reproductive norms implying a low fertility (giving birth to a smaller number of children or only one child) which does not ensure even the simple reproduction of the population, one cannot expect - in spite of the present immigrational processes (the inflow of refugees) and the absolute increase in the population (between the previous two censuses) - significantly more favourable population trends and a better prospective demographic picture of Vojvodina.

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Familias, pobreza y desigualdad social en Latinoamérica: una mirada comparativa / Families, Poverty and Social Inequality in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis

Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos ◽

10.24201/edu.v22i1.1292 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marina Ariza ◽

Orlandina De Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

21St Century ◽

Demographic Transition ◽

Well Being ◽

Household Surveys ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Demographic Development ◽

The Family ◽

Advanced Stages

En este texto analizamos las repercusiones que pueden tener diferentes escenarios demográficos y económicos sobre el bienestar de las familias. Elegimos un conjunto de países que en los albores del siglo xxi muestran importantes diferencias en el grado de avance de la transición demográfica y los niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico. Con base en tabulaciones especiales de las encuestas de hogares elaboradas por Cepal, comparamos a Argentina y Uruguay que se encuentran en etapas más avanzadas de la primera transición demográfica; Brasil y México que atraviesan por una fase menos avanzada, y Honduras y Nicaragua que, por el contrario, se encuentran en un estadio más temprano de dicha transición. La comparación entre los rasgos familiares y socioeconómicos del conjunto de países seleccionados arroja distintos escenarios sociales que nos permitirán mostrar cómo el cruce entre las dimensiones sociodemográfica y socioeconómica incide diferencialmente sobre la organización del mundo familiar y las formas de convivencia. AbstractThis text analyzes the repercussions of different demographic and economic scenarios on families’ well-being. The authors chose a set of countries, which, at the beginning of the 21st century, show significant differences in the degree of progress of the demographic transition and levels of socio-demographic development. On the base of special tabulations of the household surveys compiled by Cepal, the authors compared Argentina and Uruguay, which are at more advanced stages of the first demographic transition; Brazil and Mexico, currently at a less advanced stage and Honduras and Nicaragua, which are at an earlier stage of this transition. A comparison of the family and socio-economic features of the set of countries chosen reveals different social scenarios enabling the authors to show how the intersection between socio-demographic and socio-economic dimensions has a different effect on the organization of the family sphere and forms of coexistence.

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