scholarly journals Population trends in Vojvodina during the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st century

2006 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Petar Golubovic ◽  
Suzana Markovic-Krstic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Developmental Issues

Demographic development belongs to the group of the primary social and developmental issues, and the demographic processes and tendencies in the population trends are included in the basic social processes which are expressed by the demographic (that is, synthetic social) indicators. The process of the depopulation of Vojvodina is a result of the several-decades long decrease in birthrate, ageing of the population and mortality rate which is related to a series of historical, socioeconomic, cultural educational, specifically local, family, as well as psychological factors. Unfavourable demographic circumstances in Vojvodina started already in the 1920s, and became more pronounced after World War II, in 1989 resulting in the negative natural increase (-1%o), in the process of a more intensive decrease in the population which today, in the 21st century, acquires greater dimensions (-4,7%o in 2002), creating not only disturbances in the demographic, but also in the economic-social structures. Taking into account the far-developed process of demographic ageing of the population of Vojvodina and the accepted reproductive norms implying a low fertility (giving birth to a smaller number of children or only one child) which does not ensure even the simple reproduction of the population, one cannot expect - in spite of the present immigrational processes (the inflow of refugees) and the absolute increase in the population (between the previous two censuses) - significantly more favourable population trends and a better prospective demographic picture of Vojvodina.

scholarly journals Determinants of demographic development of the Republic of Srpska at the beginning of the 21th century

2014 ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
Drasko Marinkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Majic
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Target Period ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Negative Factors

For decades now, the Republic of Srpska has been affected by the natural depopulation process and starting with 2002 it has been manifested through negative rate of natural increase resulting from natality decrease and mortality increase. During the target period, the number of the live-born declined by 28% whereas the number of the dead increased by 25%. Clearly, negative demographic figures along with negative migrations resulted in the total depopulation. Negative migration balance additionally complicates negative demographic trend, which results in total depopulation of large proportions. Major issue of the Republic of Srpska population is the phenomenon of low fertility resulting from a whole range of negative factors. Therefore, the implementation of population policy measures is fundamental for both society and population in the country.

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

Web Sites for Young Children: Gateway to Online Social Networking?

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0901300
Author(s):  
Sheri Bauman ◽  
Tanisha Tatum
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Developmental Issues

Traffic on Web sites for young children (ages 3-12) has increased exponentially in recent years. Advocates proclaim that they are safe introductions to the Internet and online social networking and teach essential 21st-century skills. Critics note developmental concerns. In this article, we provide basic information about Web sites for young children, discuss developmental issues, and make recommendations for school counselors to be proactive and aware of the advantages and dangers inherent in these sites.

The Demographic Footprint of Economic Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Vasilis S. Gavalas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between economic development and the demographics of population for a group of islands in the middle of the Aegean Sea, namely the Cyclades, in the period 1860-2011. This period covers the greatest part of demographic transition, which for the Cyclades started in the mid-nineteenth century. In every stage of the transition, the changes in mortality and fertility levels tended to destabilise the relationship between population and the limited resources of the islands. Migration is the key factor in understanding the demographic regime of these islands. Either negative or positive (emigration or immigration), population mobility has always been and still is the element that regulates natural increase and determines the real increase of the population. Whenever rates of natural increase were too high, emigration acted as a counterbalancing factor by taking population away from the islands, while when rates of natural increase reached very low levels from the 1970s onwards due to low fertility, immigration came as a substitute. Two of the Cyclades islands, namely Paros and Naxos, are used as cases studies for a closer focus on these islands during the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century and especially in the period 1951-2011.

Changing Families as European Societies Age

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH HARPER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Transitions ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
The Impact

The trends towards falling fertility and mortality and increasing longevity, which have led to the demographic ageing of all Western industrialized societies, have not occurred in isolation. More specifically, we are also seeing a combination of forces which are resulting in the ageing of some life-transitions. While public and legal institutions may be lowering the age threshold into full legal adulthood, individuals themselves are choosing to delay many of those transitions which demonstrate a commitment to full adulthood. This shift from a high-mortality/high-fertility society to a low-mortality/low-fertility society and the ageing of family transitions within these societies have significant implications for both family structure and kinship roles. Drawing on recent demographic figures for the European Union, this paper highlights the impact of these main trends on individuals and families.

Humanitarianism, Development, and Security in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Syrian Refugee Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nell Gabiam
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
World War ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The 19Th Century

The term humanitarianism finds its roots in 19th-century Europe and is generally defined as the “impartial, neutral, and independent provision of relief to victims of conflict and natural disasters.” Behind this definition lies a dynamic history. According to political scientists Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss, this history can be divided into three phases. From the 19th century to World War II, humanitarianism was a reaction to the perceived breakdown of society and the emergence of moral ills caused by rapid industrialization within Europe. The era between World War II and the 1990s saw the emergence of many of today's nongovernmental and intergovernmental organizations. These organizations sought to address the suffering caused by World War I and World War II, but also turned their gaze toward the non-Western world, which was in the process of decolonization. The third phase began in the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War, and witnessed an expansion of humanitarianism. One characteristic of this expansion is the increasing prominence of states, regional organizations, and the United Nations in the field of humanitarian action. Their increased prominence has been paralleled by a growing linkage between humanitarian concerns and the issue of state, regional, and global security. Is it possible that, in the 21st century, humanitarianism is entering a new (fourth) phase? And, if so, what role have events in the Middle East played in ushering it in? I seek to answer these questions by focusing on regional consultations that took place between June 2014 and July 2015 in preparation for the first ever World Humanitarian Summit (WHS), scheduled to take place in Istanbul in May 2016.

scholarly journals Controversies of demographic development in the Pcinja county

2010 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethnic Distribution

Pcinja county is an administrative region bordering Bulgaria, Macedonia and Kosovo, and is featured by a number of demographic peculiarities and extremes. In Central Serbia, this county is certainly the region with the most heterogeneous ethnic distribution; this fact determines differences in fertility transition and the speed of demographic ageing. Almost 90% ethnic Albanians from Serbia inhabit the Pcinja county, and so do 40% of ethnic Bulgarians. In addition, this county is featured by strong intra- and inter-regional demographic differentiations, both spatial and structural. Reduction of polarization of demographic development in Serbia at macro and intermediate levels (excluding the Kosovo territory), as well as minor differences between urban and rural environments, have made the county rather specific. Thus this relatively small province includes the one with the highest fertility rate and with the youngest population in the entire Republic of Serbia, five levels of demographic age in only seven administrative entities, the municipalities with the highest and the lowest international migration, a concentration of municipalities with the highest masculinity, municipalities with extremely high illiteracy rates, municipalities without atheists, and so on. Common features of this demographically heterogeneous province are underdevelopment and poverty. They do not manifest in the same way all over the territory; they are rather modified by various cultural factors. .

scholarly journals A New Character of French Novels of the 21st Century (M. Page “How I Became Stupid”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Т.Г. Струкова
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
21St Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
City Dweller ◽  
Real Self

В статье анализируется появление нового типа героя-трикстера во французской литературе первого десятилетия XXI века, фиксация М. Пажем иных, чем прежде, стратегий и тактик приспособления человека к стремительно изменяющейся технологической и информационной среде. Повседневная жизнь современного горожанина формируется на пересечении сектора, которым он управляет, и сектора, который ему не подвластен. Именно на этих стыках происходит вечно изменяемое столкновение между естественными (физиологическими) и социальными ритмами. Уже во второй половине XX века повседневная жизнь горожанина превратилась в зону чистого потребления, порождая скуку, ухудшая качество жизни, препятствуя реальному самовыражению. Герой романа «Как я стал идиотом» намеренно надевает маску шута и использует гибкую тактику ускользания, сопротивляясь жесткой рациональности буржуазного общества. Установка эмпирического автора нацелена на осмеяние безграничного потребления, ироническое осмысление основных положений постиндустриального общества. В романе критически переосмысливаются практически все европейские метаповествования (религия, история, образование, медицина, социальные структуры, финансы, роль Франции во Второй мировой войне и т. д.). Ирония автора нацелена на высвечивание повседневных реалий скуки, насмешку над социальными обещаниями свободного времени и досуга, которые вместо духовного развития ведут человека в тупик безграничного потребления. Герой романа, предприняв попытку приспособиться к жестким законам консюмеризма, прилагает все усилия к изменению собственной повседневной жизни. Ускользание героя в невидимую зону, которая не контролируется «дивным новым миром», позволяет ему сохранять собственную индивидуальность и судьбу. The article analyzes the appearance of a new type of trickster characters in French literature of the first decade of the 21st century. It analyzes the way M. Page depicts strategies and means used by a person to adapt to the rapidly changing technological and information environment. Everyday life of a modern city dweller teeters between spheres subservient to the city dweller and spheres they fail to control. This juxtaposition results in a conflict between natural (physiological) and social rhythms. In the second half of the 20th century, everyday life of a city dweller focused on consumption, generating boredom and deteriorating the quality of life, depriving one of real self-expression. The character of the novel “How I Became Stupid” intentionally wears the disguise of a jester and, repelled by the cruel rationality of bourgeois society, uses a slithering-away tactic. The author mocks at endless consumption and treats the major principles of post-industrial society with irony. The novel critically reassesses practically all European metanarrations (religion, history, education medicine, social structures, finances, the role of France in World War II and so on). The author’s irony is aimed at highlighting everyday boredom, at mocking at social promise of leisure and spare time which instead of spiritual development lead people to endless consumption. After an attempt to adjust to the rigidity of comsumerism, the character of the novel does his best to change his everyday life. The character eludes the brave new world and escapes its manipulative grasp, which enables him to preserve his individuality and shape his own destiny.

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