scholarly journals Progressive ataxia and palatal tremor: T1-weighted with magnetization transfer pulse hyperintensity in the inferior olivary nucleus

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henrique Yared ◽  
Bruno Siqueira Campos Lopes ◽  
Ricardo Mendes Rogério ◽  
Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral ◽  
Nelson Fortes Paes Diniz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Palatal Tremor ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-646
Author(s):  
Matthew R McCord ◽  
Eileen H Bigio ◽  
Kwok Ling Kam ◽  
Victoria Fischer ◽  
Farres Obeidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known by the eponym Machado-Joseph disease, is an autosomal dominant CAG trinucleotide (polyglutamine) repeat disease that presents in young- to middle-aged adults. SCA3 was first described in Azorean individuals and has interesting epidemiological patterns. It is characterized clinically by progressive ataxia and neuropathologically by progressive degenerative changes in the spinal cord and cerebellum, along with degeneration of the cortex and basal ganglia. Here, we describe the clinical and neuropathologic features in a case of SCA3 with unique findings, including involvement of the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, which are classically spared in the disease. We also discuss research into the disease mechanisms of SCA3 and the potential for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals The Dentato-Rubro-Olivary Tract: Clinical Dimension of This Anatomical Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadil Khoyratty ◽  
Thomas Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Palatal Tremor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brachium Conjunctivum ◽  
Central Tegmental Tract ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Symptomatic palatal tremor is potentially the result of a lesion in the triangle of Guillain-Mollaret (1931) and is associated with hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) which has characteristic MR findings. The triangle is defined by dentate efferents ascending through the superior cerebellar peduncle and crossing in the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum inferior to the red nucleus, to finaliy reach the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) via the central tegmental tract. The triangle is completed by ION decussating efferents terminating on the original dentate nucleus via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. We can demonstrate the anatomy of this anatomical triangle using a clinical case of palatal tremor presenting with bilateral subjective pulsatile tinnitus along with the pathognomonic MR findings previously described. The hyperintense T2 signal in these patients may be permanent, but the hypertrophied olive normally regresses after 4 years. The temporal relationship between the evolution of the histopathology and the development of the palatal tremor remains unknown as does the natural history of the tremor. Botox injection at the level of tensor and levator veli palatini insertion have been used to treat patients with disabling tremor synchronous tinnitus. A lesion involving the triangle can have a quite varied clinical expression.

scholarly journals Palatal Tremor Revisited: Disorder with Nosological Diversity and Etiological Heterogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Madhu Nagappa ◽  
Parayil S. Bindu ◽  
Sanjib Sinha ◽  
Rose D. Bharath ◽  
Mangalore Sandhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Palatal Tremor ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Etiological Heterogeneity ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

AbstractThis case series aimed to describe clinicoradiological, electromyographic, and etiological spectra in palatal tremor (essential=1; symptomatic=26). Patients with symptomatic palatal tremor had 2 to 10 Hz arrhythmic electromyographic bursts, a spectrum of changes in inferior olivary nucleus, with/without lesions in Guillain Mollaret triangle, and varied etiologies (genetic=9, vascular=6, trauma=3, infections=3). Exome sequencing showed variations in POLG, WDR81, NDUFS8, TENM4, and EEF2. Clinical phenotypes of patients with POLG, WDR81, and NDUFS8 variations were consistent with that described in literature. We highlight salient magnetic resonance imaging features, electrophysiological observations, and diverse etiologies in a large cohort of palatal tremor.

Drug-induced activation of the inferior olivary nucleus in young rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Barragan ◽  
N. Delhaye-Bouchaud ◽  
P. Laget
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
Daniel Trujillo Diaz ◽  
Sheng-Han Kuo ◽  
Shi-Rui Gan ◽  
Etty P. Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhuang ◽  
Fadi Xu ◽  
Donald T. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Respiratory Modulation ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Several studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 μA at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25–50 nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65–70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr.

Subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential: a functional synchronizing and timing device

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lampl ◽  
Y. Yarom
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Synaptic Potential ◽  
Synaptic Potentials ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

1. Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations have been observed in different types of CNS neurons. In this in vitro study, we examined the possible role of these oscillations by analyzing the responses of neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus to a combined stimulation of sine wave and synaptic potentials. 2. A nonlinear summation of the sine wave and the synaptic potential occurred in olivary neurons; a superlinear summation occurred when the synaptic potential was elicited at the trough of the sine wave or during the rising phase. On the other hand, a less than linear summation occurred when the synaptic potentials were evoked during the falling phase of the wave. 3. Significant changes in the delay of the synaptic responses were observed. As a result of these changes, the maximum amplitude of the response occurred at the peak of the sine wave, regardless of the exact time of stimulation. The output of the neuron was therefore synchronized with the sine wave and depended only partly on the input phase. 4. These data demonstrate that neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus are capable of operating as accurate synchronizing devices. Moreover, by affecting the delay line, they act as a logic gate that ensures that the information will be added to the system only at given times.

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