scholarly journals Sleep disorder investigation might be considered to be mandatory in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder guideline

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Azeredo Henriques Filho
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
P300 Potential ◽  
Attention Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and compare amplitude and latency of the P300 potential among children with and without OSA. Method Sixty-one children with ADHD underwent oddball auditory attention tests for detection of P300 (ERPs) followed by an all-night polysomnography. The children were divided in two groups, those with and without OSA. Results Significant decreased amplitude of the P300 potential was observed in children with OSA when compared with children without OSA. Conclusion The study showed that sleep fragmentation as a result of OSA can exacerbate the attention disorder that characterizes ADHD, and highlights the importance of assessing the presence of OSA in the differential diagnosis of children with attention deficits.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with obstructive sleep apnea: A treatment outcome study

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shu Huang ◽  
Christian Guilleminault ◽  
Hsueh-Yu Li ◽  
Chien-Ming Yang ◽  
Yu-Yu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Outcome Study ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals 0878 Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Internalizing Symptoms vs. Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A334-A335
Author(s):  
K Puzino ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
F He ◽  
S Toth ◽  
A N Vgontzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has been associated with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and abnormal periodic limb movements (PLMS). However, there is lack of data examining the contribution of OSA to ADHD-related internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors in adolescents. Methods We studied the Penn State Child Cohort, a random general population sample of 700 children (8.7±1.7y), of whom 421 were followed-up 8.3 years later during adolescence (17.0±2.3y, 53.9% male). All adolescents underwent a 9-hour PSG, clinical history and physical examination. ADHD was ascertained by a parent- or self-report of having been diagnosed with ADHD. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥2 events per hour of sleep, while a periodic limb movement index (PLMI) ≥5 events per hour of sleep was indicative of PLMS. Controls, OSA-alone, ADHD-alone and ADHD+OSA were identified. The Child or Adult Behavior Checklist were used to ascertain internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Multivariable-adjusted models controlled for sex, race, age, and body mass index (BMI) percentile. Results As compared to controls, adolescents with ADHD-alone or ADHD+OSA had significantly greater externalizing behaviors (p<0.001), inattention (p<0.001) and thought problems (p<0.001). While adolescents with ADHD-alone had higher internalizing symptoms (p=0.021), specifically withdrawn-depression (p<0.01), adolescents with ADHD+OSA had more somatic problems than controls (p=0.048). There were no statistically significant differences in behavioral outcomes between controls and adolescents with OSA-alone or between adolescents with ADHD-alone and ADHD+OSA. Conclusion Adolescents with comorbid ADHD and OSA do not present with worse behavioral outcomes than those with ADHD alone. Future studies should examine whether the progression of these adolescents into young adulthood differs in terms of their behavioral outcomes and development of mental health disorders. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

616 Restless sleep and other comorbidities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A242-A242
Author(s):  
Vidhi Kapoor ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Mark Stein ◽  
Chris Ruth ◽  
Jennifer Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pediatric Sleep Medicine

Abstract Introduction The etiology of restless sleep has recently been identified as secondary to various medical and sleep conditions. Parents of children with ADHD complain of restless sleep and sleep disturbances in their children. We aimed to assess restless sleep causes in our patient population with ADHD and establish the prevalence of restless sleep disorder (RSD), as recently defined. Methods A retrospective study of children with ADHD who underwent polysomnography was carried out. Diagnostic and descriptive information collected for each patient included age, sex, polysomnographic parameters, sleep disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and medications. Results Sixty-six PSGs were reviewed. The mean age of children was 11.6 (±3.6 SD) years; 17 were female and 49 were male. Parents of 54 (81.1%) children had concerns of restlessness during sleep; 47 (71.2%) children had obstructive sleep apnea, 17 (25.8%) had PLMS ≥5/hour, 13 (19.7%) had RLS, 6 (9.1%) had RSD, 27 (41%) had depression or anxiety, 5 (7.6%) had insomnia. Conclusion In a pediatric sleep medicine referred group of patients with ADHD, who are known to have significant sleep and psychiatric comorbidities, obstructive sleep apnea, RLS, and RSD were found to be the most prevalent sleep disorders, whereas depression and anxiety were the most common psychiatric disorders. Complaint of secondary restless sleep seems to be common, while primary restless sleep disorder was seen in approximately 9% of children. The results of this study aid pediatricians and child psychiatrists in screening children with ADHD for associated sleep disorders. Support (if any):

scholarly journals 0900 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity, Symptoms Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Other Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders In Children And Adolescents: A Retrospective Data Analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A342-A343
Author(s):  
M Skoulos ◽  
K Sedky ◽  
D Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction Children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are often diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the connection between the severity of Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) and ADHD is controversial with research evidence pointing in opposing directions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a pediatric sleep center at a university hospital setting to investigate the effect between AHI severity, ADHD and/or other comorbid psychiatric disorders. One hundred and thirty-eight participants between the age of 6 and 18 were examined in terms of AHI severity level and their correlation with scores from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) using SPSS program. Results A negative correlation between AHI scores and Attention Problems for the entire group of participants was found. Additionally, female adolescents had positive correlations between AHI scores and several affective disorder variables from the CBCL, while male adolescents had negative correlations between AHI levels and several CBCL scores that are typically associated with ADHD and Anxiety disorders. Conclusion This study suggests a relationship between OSA severity and psychiatric conditions. However, this relationship can vary depending on age, gender and AHI severity. More research is required to understand this relationship. Support Chervin, R.D. How many children with ADHD have sleep apnea or periodic leg movements on polysomnography? Sleep. 2005: 28(9): 1041-1042. Sedky K, Bennett DS, Carvalho KS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disordered breathing in pediatric populations: A meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2014; 18: 349-356

scholarly journals The Link between Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Gino Luis Urbano ◽  
Bea Janine Tablizo ◽  
Youmna Moufarrej ◽  
Mary Anne Tablizo ◽  
Maida Lynn Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Osa Treatment ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a form of sleep-disordered breathing that affects up to 9.5% of the pediatric population. Untreated OSA is associated with several complications, including neurobehavioral sequelae, growth and developmental delay, cardiovascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the neurobehavioral sequelae associated with OSA. This review aims to summarize the research on the relationship between OSA and ADHD and investigate the impacts of OSA treatment on ADHD symptoms. A literature search was conducted on electronic databases with the key terms: “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder” or “ADHD”, “obstructive sleep apnea” or “OSA”, “sleep disordered breathing”, and “pediatric” or “children”. Review of relevant studies showed adenotonsillectomy to be effective in the short-term treatment of ADHD symptoms. The success of other treatment options, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), in treating ADHD symptoms in pediatric OSA patients has not been adequately evaluated. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term benefits of surgical intervention, patient factors that may influence treatment success, and the potential benefits of other OSA treatment methods for pediatric ADHD patients.

Selective Auditory Attention and Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Dalebout ◽  
Nickola W. Nelson ◽  
Paul J. Hletko ◽  
Barbara Frentheway
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Drug Effect ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Strong Order

The Selective Auditory Attention Test (SAAT) was given to children diagnosed as having Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) twice: after the administration of methylphenidate, and after the administration of a placebo. Children in the control group were tested twice, but without drugs or placebos. Results revealed no simple drug effect, but a strong order effect. The implications of using the SAAT as a predictor of auditory attention deficits and concerns regarding its test-retest reliability are discussed.

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