scholarly journals CLONAL PROPAGATION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) VIA DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN VITRO REGENERATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Robson Antônio de Souza ◽  
Elizabete Cristina Pacheco dos Santos ◽  
José Jackson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marta Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe study was conducted with shoot tip explants of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to identify a viable regenerative process. Shoot tips were obtained from neem embryos cultured alternatingly in DKW medium supplemented with BAP and medium without hormones. Initial shoot development was influenced by cotyledon presence. Basal callus, excised from in vitro stem base, also presented organogenic potential. In some cases, plant lines, obtained from each seed, presented different characteristics. The most common characteristic observed in vitro was callus formation at the stem base. However, the rarest characteristics were stem callus formation and leaf senescence. The regenerated shoot tips were further subculture and rooted on a medium supplemented with IBA so that complete plants could be obtained. The rooted plants were transplanted to a greenhouse and successfully acclimatized. No significant differences in in vivo development were observed between neem plants from callus and from shoot tip propagation.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration of ridge gourd and sponge gourd through shoot

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
E Nahar ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
B Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Luffa Acutangula

Context: Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula are highly cross pollinated crops and propagated mainly by seeds. Genetic stability cannot be maintained easily by seed propagation. It can be maintain by developing special vegetative technique through tissue culture.   Objectives: To compare the effects of growth regulators between two species of Luffa using shoot tips for develop the rapid, simple and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol.   Materials and Methods: Shoot tips used were collected from in vivo grown plants. They were excised from plants and surface sterilized by HgCl2 treatment. The isolated tips were cultured on semisolid MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of different growth regulators.   Results: The highest result of direct shoot multiplication of ridge gourd was observed using 2 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA and in case of sponge gourd it was 1.5 mg/l BAP. For callus induction significant result was found using 4 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA in ridge gourd and 3 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA in sponge gourd. Indirect regeneration was performed by subculturing organogenic callus of sponge gourd on MS with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA3 and the callus of ridged gourd on MS + 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA + 0.2 mg/l nicotinic acid. Regenerated shoots of both species were rooted well on MS containing NAA at low concentration.   Conclusion: Hormonal differences and simple rapid in vitro regeneration protocol of L. cylindrica and L. acutangula have been established.   Keywords: Growth regulators; in vitro regeneration; ridge gourd; sponge gourd. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8781 JBS 2010; 18(0): 88-93

scholarly journals Single Domain Antibodies as Carriers for Intracellular Drug Delivery: A Proof of Principle Study

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Sebas D. Pronk ◽  
Erik Schooten ◽  
Jurgen Heinen ◽  
Esra Helfrich ◽  
Sabrina Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Intracellular Drug Delivery ◽  
Internalization Rate ◽  
Single Domain Antibodies ◽  
Different Characteristics

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently used for the targeted delivery of drugs to diseased cells, but intracellular drug delivery and therefore efficacy may be suboptimal because of the large size, slow internalization and ineffective intracellular trafficking of the antibody. Using a phage display method selecting internalizing phages only, we developed internalizing single domain antibodies (sdAbs) with high binding affinity to rat PDGFRβ, a receptor involved in different types of diseases. We demonstrate that these constructs have different characteristics with respect to internalization rates but all traffic to lysosomes. To compare their efficacy in targeted drug delivery, we conjugated the sdAbs to a cytotoxic drug. The conjugates showed improved cytotoxicity correlating to their internalization speed. The efficacy of the conjugates was inhibited in the presence of vacuolin-1, an inhibitor of lysosomal maturation, suggesting lysosomal trafficking is needed for efficient drug release. In conclusion, sdAb constructs with different internalization rates can be designed against the same target, and sdAbs with a high internalization rate induce more cell killing than sdAbs with a lower internalization rate in vitro. Even though the overall efficacy should also be tested in vivo, sdAbs are particularly interesting formats to be explored to obtain different internalization rates.

scholarly journals Atividade do óleo de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Regina Dias-Arieira ◽  
Lucas da Rocha Ferreira ◽  
Jailson de Oliveira Arieira ◽  
Edenilson Gonçalves Miguel ◽  
Mateus Augusto Donega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora

A flor-preta é uma das doenças mais importantes do morangueiro e a busca por alternativas de controle tem sido uma constante, principalmente em áreas de cultivo orgânico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, in vitro e in vivo, dos óleos de Eucalyptus citriodora e Azadirachta indica no controle de Colletotrichum acutatum em morangueiro. No experimento in vitro determinou-se a inibição do crescimento micelial quando o fungo foi submetido aos extratos nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5%. No campo, avaliou-se o controle da doença com a aplicação dos óleos nas concentrações de 0, 0,5 e 1,0%, pulverizados em intervalos de 7, 15 e 30 dias, em plantas inoculadas com suspensão de 10(6) conídios/mL. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, observando-se a ocorrência e tamanho de lesões no pedúnculo e nos frutos, abortamento floral, produtividade, e ocorrência natural da doença. In vitro todos os tratamentos apresentaram redução significativa do crescimento micelial do fungo quando comparados ao controle. No campo, apenas o óleo de nim apresentou efeito significativo, reduzindo o abortamento floral e a ocorrência de frutos doentes advindos de flores inoculadas. Porém, maior ocorrência natural de doença foi observada quando a dosagem de 1,0% foi aplicada semanalmente.

scholarly journals Effects of botanicals against anthracnose and blight diseases of Houttuynia cordata Thunb

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Trisha Saha ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb

Anthracnose and blight were recorded on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. during April 2013 to December 2013. The isolated fungi from the symptomatic plants were identified as Alterneria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Sacc. Ethanol leaf extracts of five plants viz.,Azadirachta indica L., Citrus limon L., Datura metel L., Sennaalata L. and Tagetes erecta L.were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi A. alternata and C. gloeosporoides at 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations in vitro. A. indica recorded as good inhibitor against the test fungi followed by C. limon, S. alata, D. metel and T.erecta. In vivo treatment also showed that A.indica is the most effective in controlling diseases at 10% concentration. The plants treated with A. indica were fresh and healthy up to one month of observation.J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 42(1): 41-48, June 2016

scholarly journals In Vitro Micropropagation of Orchid (Vanda tessellata L.) from Shoot Tip Explant

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MF Hasan ◽  
R Das ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Techniques

Context: Orchid produces a huge number of minute seeds but the seeds can not germinate easily in nature due to the lack of endosperm in the seeds is an incompatibility barrier that limits its propagation in nature. Objectives: To develop in vitro culture techniques for quick propagation of Vanda tessellate, a commercially important orchid species. Materials and Methods: Shoot tips were used as experimental materials. The explants were surface sterilized and the shoot tips were excised. The isolated shoot tips were cultured in MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of auxin and cytokinin. Results: The combination of 1.5 mgl-1 NAA and 1.0 mgl-1 BAP was proved to be the best medium formulation for multiple shoot formation as well as maximum shoot elongation. The single shoots were isolated from the multiple shoots and subcultured in MS medium having NAA and IBA individually and in combinations for root induction. Maximum root induction was obtained in MS agarified medium having 0.5 mgl-1NAA and 1.0 mgl-1IBA. The well rooted plantlets were hardened successfully in the potting mixture containing coconut husk, perlite, charcoal, brick pieces in the ratio of 2:1:1:1 and eventually established under natural condition.Conclusion: An efficient regeneration protocol for micropropagation in V. tessellata through shoot tip culture has been established.Key words: Shoot tip; micropropagation; orchid.DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7122J. bio-sci. 17: 139-144, 2009

scholarly journals Essential factors for in vitro regeneration of rose and a protocol for plant regeneration from leaves 

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Anber Mahmoud Ahmed Hassanein ◽  
Inas Mohamed Ali Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Better Than

In vitro propagation of Rosa hybrida, L. cv. ‘Eiffel Tower’ was improved by the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) and silver nitrate (AgNo<sub>3</sub>) to the culture medium. The combination of auxin and cytokinins was indispensable for inducing response from leaf discs. Maintaining cultures under dark was better than light for callus formation and quality. The source of explants was vital in the regeneration process wherein situ explants produced callus while, in vitro explants regenerated somatic embryos and shoots. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) had a favorable effect where in vitro explants showed somatic embryogenesis with no shoots on media containing TDZ however, 37% of explants regenerated shoots directly on medium containing GA<sub>3</sub>. The presence of benzyl adenine (BA) was essential for shoot elongation, and indole butyric acid (IBA) was better than indole acetic acid (IAA) for rooting. The optimum conditions produced rooted plants from leaf discs within ten weeks. The reported results clarify factors controlling in vitro regeneration of R. hybrida, and provide a rapid protocol allowing further improvements of rose. 

scholarly journals An Efficient Method for In Vitro Shoot-Tip Culture and Sporophyte Production Using Selaginella martensii Spring Sporophyte

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungtae Park ◽  
Bo Kook Jang ◽  
Ha Min Lee ◽  
Ju Sung Cho ◽  
Cheol Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Shoot Tip Culture ◽  
Propagation Methods

Selaginella martensii, an evergreen perennial fern that is native to South America and New Zealand, is named “frosty fern” because of its beautiful white-colored leaves and it is used as an ornamental plant. Efficient propagation methods for this species have not been developed. We aimed to develop an efficient propagation method for S. martensii through in vitro culture. We investigated culture conditions that are suitable for shoot-tip proliferation and growth. The optimum shoot-tip culture conditions were determined while using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (quarter, half, full, or double strength) and macronutrients (sucrose and two nitrogen sources) at various concentrations. In MS medium, the shoot tips formed a maximum of 6.77 nodes per explant, and each node formed two new shoot tips (i.e., 26 or 64 shoot tips). When using branching segments containing an angle meristem, the shoot-to-rhizophore formation ratio could be controlled by medium supplementation with plant-growth regulators. Sporophytes that were grown from shoot tips in vitro were acclimated in ex vitro soil conditions and successfully survived in the greenhouse. Numerous shoot tips could be obtained from in vitro-grown sporophytes and be proliferated ex vitro to produce a large number of plants. This method provides a way of shortening the time that is required for producing a large stock of S. martensii planting material.

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