Analysis of Electronic Apex Locators in Human Teeth Diagnosed With Apical Periodontitis

Abstract Electronic apex locators (EAL) have been used to establish the working length (WL) in root canal treatment. In teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis, resorption of tooth apical structures can lead to difficulties to obtain an appropriate WL. The aim was to compare the capacity of three EAL’s (Root ZX II, Raypex 6 and Endo-Eze Quill) to locate the tip of the K-file between 0 to -0.5 mm from the apical foramen (AF) on teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP). Electronic working length was performed on 60 roots with AAP. A K-file #15 was inserted in the root canal until the apical foramen (AF) was located, and followed was re-adjusted to -0.5 mm through observation in EAL display. The K-file was fixed to the tooth with composite and teeth were extracted. The 4 apical millimeters were worn out until the K-file could be seen and were prepared and measured its distance to AF in a scanning electron microscope. Appropriate WL was when the tip of the K-file was located between 0 to -0.5 mm from AF. Results: Root ZX II showed significant difference (p<0.01) with the other two EALs. Root ZX II presented the better performance than Raypex 6 or Endo-Eze Quill in teeth with AAP.

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Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2189 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 1135-1143

Author(s):

Prem P Kar ◽

Sandhya A Khasnis ◽

Krisnamurthy H Kidiyoor

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Root Canal ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Layer Removal ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cleaning Efficacy ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of two multifile rotary systems (MTwo and Silk) and two single-file rotary systems (F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi). Materials and methods Eighty mesial canals of mandibular first molars were cleaned and shaped using four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments to size # 25 and 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 20) according to instrumentation: Group I, Mtwo; group II, Silk; group III, F6 Skytaper; group IV, NeoNiTi. Samples were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for debris and smear layer removal in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root canal. Results F6 skytaper and Mtwo groups showed significantly higher debris removal than Silk and NeoNiTi groups in apical third of root canal as well as when compared with NeoNiTi group in middle third. F6 Skytaper group showed significantly higher debris and smear layer removal than Silk group in coronal third. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in terms of debris removal in Silk and NeoNiTi groups. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi groups in terms of smear layer removal. Conclusion F6 Skytaper single-file rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by Mtwo multifile rotary instrumentation in all thirds of root canal. Clinical significance F6 Skytaper rotary instrument is most efficient followed by Mtwo rotary instrument among all rotary instruments. How to cite this article Kar PP, Khasnis SA, Kidiyoor KH. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1135-1143.

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Evaluation of Dentinal Crack Formation by ProTaper Next, HyFlex CM and Wave One Reciprocating File Systems at the Apical and Middle Third of Root in Mandibular Molars - An In-Vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (32) ◽

pp. 2597-2601

Author(s):

Gis George ◽

Ranjini M. A ◽

Swapna D. V ◽

Rashmi K ◽

Jesline Merly James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Root Canal ◽

Crack Formation ◽

File Systems ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Niti Instruments ◽

Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND Advances in root canal instruments have led to lesser frequency of dentinal crack formation. Not many studies have been reported in literature that compare crack formation using instruments based on control memory (CM) and M wire technology. The study intended to evaluate and compare the prevalence of dentinal cracks formed by ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), HyFlex CM (Coltene, Whaldent) and Wave One (Dentsply, Maillefer) reciprocating file systems at the apical and middle third of the mesiobuccal root canal of mandibular molars under scanning electron microscope (SEM). METHODS Forty-five extracted sound human mandibular molars were decoronated and mesial roots were retained followed by root canal instrumentation using ProTaper Next, HyFlex CM and WaveOne reciprocating files. Roots were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of teeth and viewed under scanning electron microscope to detect the presence of cracks. RESULTS ProTaper Next system produced more cracks compared with HyFlex and Wave One (P < 0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference between all the three groups. All the file systems showed more incidences of cracks in the apical third compared to middle third. CONCLUSIONS All the NiTi instruments produced cracks and the highest incidence of cracks was seen in the apical third compared to middle third region. KEY WORDS Dentinal Cracks, HyFlex CM, ProTaper Next, Root Canal, Wave One

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SEM Evaluation of Endosequence BC Sealer Hiflow in Different Environmental Conditions

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs5040099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Orlando Donfrancesco ◽

Andrea Del Giudice ◽

Alessio Zanza ◽

Michela Relucenti ◽

Stefano Petracchiola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Root Canal ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

The Other ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sem Investigation ◽

Scanning Electron

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the setting and sealant ability of two different bioceramic sealers in two different environmental conditions: humid and wet environment. Ex vivo root canal treatment was performed on 24 freshly extracted teeth. Irrigation was performed with Niclor NaOCl 5% and EDTA 17%, then obturated with a bioceramic sealer in the two different environmental conditions listed above. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation was performed to verify the presence of gaps and the setting ability of the two sealers in two different environmental conditions was evaluated. While presence of gaps was found mainly in the wet specimens, on the other hand, regarding the setting ability, there is no statistically significant difference between the two different samples. Therefore, even if humid conditions represent the gold standard in terms of lower gaps dimension, since there is no methodology standardizing the drying procedure of the root canal, it is compulsory to investigate the sealing ability of the bioceramic sealers, even in wet conditions. Thanks to the findings shown in the present study, it is demonstrated that even in wet conditions the ability of the sealer to set does not change and such clinical situation could affect the bioceramic sealer protocol.

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Excess Adhesive Flash Upon Bracket Placement

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/081506-334.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 1101-1108 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David Armstrong ◽

Gang Shen ◽

Peter Petocz ◽

M. Ali Darendeliler

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Clinical Experience ◽

Imaging System ◽

Adhesive System ◽

The Other ◽

Straight Wire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Objective: To determine if there is any significant difference in excess adhesive flash (EAF) with the use of APC PLUS adhesive coated appliance system and Transbond XT and if other variables such as side of the mouth, time taken to bond the brackets, the age of the orthodontic specialist, or the years of clinical experience affected the amount of EAF. Materials and Methods: Twenty orthodontic specialists bonded 20 preadjusted straight wire brackets (Victory, 3M Unitek) on a typodont with a Class I crowded malocclusion in a split-mouth design, with one-half of the brackets bonded with APC PLUS adhesive system and the other half with Transbond XT. The teeth were sputter coated with gold and an image was taken at 32× magnification in a scanning electron microscope (Philips XL30). The resultant tagged image file (TIF) was opened in AnalySIS Pro 3.1 (Soft Imaging System, Munich, Germany) and the area of EAF was measured. Results: t-Tests demonstrated that: (1) there was no statistically significant difference in EAF between two adhesives when bonding in different quadrants of dentition; and (2) there was no statistically significant difference in EAF between two adhesives overall. Analysis of variance models demonstrated there were no statistically significant differences found regarding the age of the orthodontic specialists, years of clinical experience, and time in performing the bonding. Conclusions: The addition of a coloring agent to assist in the visualization of the excess adhesive does not reduce the amount of excessive adhesive around orthodontic brackets.

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The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071491 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

R. E. Ferrell ◽

G. G. Paulson

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

The Other ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Depositional Fabric ◽

Soluble Components ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

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