Inventory of ferns and lycophytes within forest fragments of Araucaria in southern Brazil

Abstract: The Araucaria Forest is a unique plant formation, practically restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome, in the South and Southeast of Brazil. It is immensely fragmented and its area is reduced to a minimum fraction, from 13 to 2% of the original area, due to intense anthropic exploitation. Our study evaluated the richness and floristic composition of ferns and lycophytes within three Araucaria forest fragments, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the floristic inventory, a parcel of 1 ha (100x100m) was demarcated inside three fragments, which were classified by size: large (246 ha - H1LF), medium (57 ha - H2MF) and small (5.2 ha - H3SF). Occurring species life forms and preferential substrates up to 4 meters above ground were recorded. In total, 55 species were catalogued, only two of which were lycophytes, distributed in 32 genera and 17 families. Considering the area of fragments, the recorded species richness has decreased, presenting greater numbers in H1LF (48), followed by H2MF (33), and H3SF (29). In the three sites, terrestrial substrate and the hemicryptophyte species life form predominated. We observed that one hectare of a larger forest fragment presented 65% more species than that of a smaller one, considering that the smaller fragment total area represents only 2% of the larger forest's area. On the other hand, one hectare of the smaller fragment contributed 17% to fern and lycophyte species conservation occurring in Brazilian Araucaria Forests, and 8% to the state of Rio Grande do Sul's total richness. The diverse heterogeneity and species composition grants floristic identity to each of the studied forest interiors. Our results highlight the need to include the botanical parameters here analyzed in management, conservation degree evaluation, and maintenance of Araucaria Forests plant biodiversity.

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Floristic Composition and Community Structure of Epiphytic Angiosperms in an Urban Forest Fragment in the Eastern Amazon

Research in Ecology ◽

10.30564/re.v3i4.3830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Josélia Rozanny Vieira Pacheco ◽

Felipe Fajardo Villela Antolin Barberena

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Importance Value ◽

Vascular Epiphytes

Vascular epiphytes are one of the most important forest components, contributing to microclimatic maintenance. These plants find ideal conditions for development in the Amazon due to the spatial heterogeneity and high temperature and humidity typical of this biome. In recent years, the Brazilian Amazon has undergone dramatic changes in its landscape, mainly due to the increase in deforestation and fire rates. We present here the floristic composition and analyze the community structure of epiphytic angiosperms of an urban forest fragment in Eastern Amazon. A total of 71 epiphytic individuals were recorded belonging to eight species and four families. Orchidaceae was the most representative family, corroborating the pattern for surveys of epiphytic diversity in the Neotropical region. Epiphytic species were found on 24 individuals of 10 tree species. The epiphytic importance value (IVe) was low for all species, except for Aechmea tocantina and Rhipsalis baccifera. Cactaceae was the family with the highest IVe. Most epiphytes were found in the crown of trees (83.1%). The diversity index of the fragment was H’ = 1.80 and the equity index was J= 0.87, reflecting the absence of highly dominant species. Conservation of urban forest fragments is necessary for the maintenance of epiphytic flora and ecosystem services.

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DINÂMICA DA FLORÍSTICA E DA ESTRUTURA HORIZONTAL EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA MONTANA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7835 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 748

Author(s):

Mailson Roik ◽

Afonso Figueiredo Filho ◽

Tiago Grespan ◽

Thiago Floriani Stepka ◽

Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Southern Region ◽

National Forest ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Breast Height ◽

Great Heterogeneity

Este trabalho objetivou analisar as alterações na composição florística e estrutura horizontal em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado na Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Irati, Paraná, Brasil, assim como compará-lo quanto à florística e estrutura de outros fragmentos florestais localizados em FLONAs da região sul do país. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito maior ou igual a 10 cm (DAP ≥ 10 cm) foram identificados e mensurados ao longo de nove anos. A floresta apresentou elevada riqueza de espécies ao longo do período de monitoramento e pequenas alterações em relação a sua composição florística e estrutura horizontal. As divergências florístico-estruturais entre os fragmentos utilizados para comparação com o presente estudo se devem principalmente à grande heterogeneidade intrínseca a esta fitofisionomia, como também ao aumento da dissimilaridade em função do distanciamento geográfico.Palavras-chave: análise multivariada; composição florística; fitossociologia; Floresta com Araucária. DYNAMICS OF FLORISTIC AND HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE IN A FRAGMENT OF MONTANE MIXED OMBROPHYLOUS FOREST ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to analyze the changes on the floristic composition and horizontal structure in an Araucaria Forest fragment, located in the Irati National Forest (FLONA), Paraná State, Brazil, as well as comparing it to the floristic and structure of other forest fragments located in FLONAs of the southern region of the country. All the individuals with diameter at breast height equal or larger than 10 cm (DBH ≥ 10 cm) were identified and measured for nine years. The forest presented a high number of species during the monitoring period and few changes in floristic composition and horizontal structure. The floristic-structural divergences among the fragments used for comparison with the present study are mainly due to the great heterogeneity intrinsic to this phytophysiognomy, as well as to the increase of dissimilarity due to geographic distance.Keywords: Araucaria forest; floristic composition; multivariate analysis; phytosociology.

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Ferns and lycophytes from Ferradura Park, Canela (RS), Brazil

Lilloa ◽

10.30550/j.lil/2021.58.1/2021.03.25 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Tamara J. Falavigna ◽

Carlos R. Lehn ◽

Marcelo D. Arana

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Rare Species ◽

Life Form ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Transition Zones ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Ferns And Lycophytes

A list of ferns and lycophytes from Ferradura Park, a private park located in Canela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil is presented. The park has an area of 400 ha with forest formations such as Araucaria Forest, Mixed Ombrophilous Forest and Seasonal Deciduous Forest, with transition zones and areas at different stages of regeneration. We found 56 species (five lycophytes and 51 ferns) in Ferradura Park. Lycophytes are represented by two families (Lycopodiaceae and Selaginellaceae) and four genera, while 11 families and 33 genera were recorded for ferns. Most of the species are exclusively terrestrial (39 spp.). The predominant life form is hemicriptophytic with rosulate growth (27 spp.). Phlegmariurus heterocarpon, Polytaenium lineatum and Vittaria lineata are considered locally rare. The area presents 15% of the species richness of the State of Rio Grande do Sul including rare species, which highlights the importance of implementing effective actions for the continuing Park conservation.

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Floristic dissimilarity and indicator species of Araucaria Forest and ecotones.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v45i3.36960 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 497

Author(s):

Silvana Manfredi ◽

Juliano Pereira Gomes ◽

Paula Iaschitzki Ferreira ◽

Roseli Lopes da Costa Bortoluzzi ◽

Adelar Mantovani

Keyword(s):

Indicator Species ◽

Forest Succession ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Native Grassland ◽

Wetland Succession ◽

Forest Boundary

A busca do conhecimento sobre a expansão das florestas em relação aos ecossistemas associados (campestre e banhado) aborda a presença de fatores ambientais como o fogo e o pastejo, frequentemente descritos como determinantes dos processos ecológicos favoráveis à dinâmica sucessional. Dessa forma, objetivou-se verificar se existem diferenças na composição florística do interior de fragmentos florestais e entre setores de transição floresta-campo e floresta-banhado, bem como identificar espécies indicadoras para cada um desses ambientes. O estudo foi realizado em fragmentos florestais situados nos municípios de Bom Jardim da Serra e Lages (Coxilha Rica), onde foram instaladas duas parcelas permanentes de 50x50 m, subdivididas em setores de 10x10 m, categorizados em três setores: Floresta Ombrófila Mista, transição floresta x campo e transição floresta x banhado. Há dissimilaridade florística entre os fragmentos florestais dos locais e, também, entre os setores de transição (ecótonos). As espécies indicadoras dos ecótonos estão vinculadas ao estágio inicial da sucessão florestal, apresentando potencial para colonização do campo, podendo atuar no início do processo de expansão da fronteira florestal.AbstractFloristic dissimilarity and indicator species of Araucaria Forest and ecotones. The search for knowledge about the expansion of forests in relation to associated ecosystems (native grassland and wetland) addresses the presence of environmental factors such as fire and grazing, often described as determinants of ecological processes in favor of succession dynamics. The objective here was to verify if there are differences among the floristic composition of the interior of forest fragments and transition sectors of forest-native grassland and forest-wetland, as well as to identify indicator species for each of these environments. The research was conducted in forest fragments located in the municipalities of Bom Jardim da Serra and Lages (Coxilha Rica), SC, where we installed two permanent plots of 50x50 m, subdivided into sectors of 10x10 m categorized into three sectors: Araucaria Forest, forest transition x native grassland and forest x wetland transition. There is floristic dissimilarity between the local forest fragments and also between the transition areas (ecotones). The indicator species of ecotones are linked to early stages of forest succession, with potential for colonization of the field, they can operate in the start of the expansion of the forest boundary process.Keywords: Araucaria Forest; native grassland; wetland; succession.

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Floristic diversity of beech, fir and spruce forest (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Colic 1965) in the „Tara“ national park

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf1002129c ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 129-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rade Cvjeticanin ◽

Marijana Novakovic

Keyword(s):

Plant Community ◽

National Park ◽

Life Form ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Life Forms ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Spruce Forest ◽

Floristic Elements ◽

Floristic Element

This paper deals with the forest plant community of beech, fir and spruce (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Colic 1965), which is the most widely distributed plant community on the territory of national park ?Tara?. Spectrum of life forms and floristic elements are specified for this community. Spectrum of life forms shows that hemicryptophytes are the most frequent, with high occurrence of geophytes, which is characteristic of this mesophilous plant community. Spectrum of floristic elements show that centraleuropean floristic element is dominant and that this plant community is under strong influence of subcentraleuropean region. Five subassociations are set apart on the basis of floristic composition and site conditions: typicum, drymetosum, aceretosum, pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Spectrum of life forms is made for every subassociation separately in aim to compare their floristic compositions. Subassociations aceretosum and vaccinietosum are characterized by the highest occurence of phanerophytes, and the lowest occurence of this life form is represented in subassociation drymetosum. The highest occurence of geophytes is in subassociation aceretosum, and the lowest in pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Occurence of hemicryptophytes is the highest in subassociations drymetosum and pinetosum silvestrae, and the lowest in aceretosum. Subassociation typicum is stable plant community, subassociations drymetosum and vaccinietosum grow on poorer sites, while subassociations aceretosum and pinetosum silvestrae represent degradation of beech, fir and spruce forest (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Colic 1965).

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Floristic composition and dispersal syndromes in Araucaria Forest remnants in the municipality of Colombo, Paraná state, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.5.1771 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafael Fernando da Silva Possete ◽

Sandra Bos Mikich ◽

Gerdt Guenther Hatschbach ◽

Osmar Dos Santos Ribas ◽

Dieter Liebsch

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Life Forms ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Araucaria Forest ◽

Dispersal Syndromes ◽

Forest Remnants

This study was conducted in Araucaria Forest remnants in the municipality of Colombo, eastern Paraná state, Brazil. Data on species occurrence, life forms and dispersal syndromes were collected once a week along a 9 km transect, revealing the presence of 512 species among trees (n = 135), shrubs (n = 121), herbs (n = 157), climbers (n = 70), epiphytes (n = 24) and hemiparasites (n = 5). Of 469 species classified according to dispersal syndromes, 42.4% were zoochoric, 33.6% autochoric and 23.8% anemochoric. The high richness observed, the highest among similar studies previously conducted in the Araucaria Forest, along with the occurrence of endangered species of trees (and mammals), indicates that the study area is an important remnant for biodiversity conservation.

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A floristic study on herbs and climbing plants at Puducherry, South India: an approach to biodiversity conservation and regeneration through eco-restoration

Check List ◽

10.15560/9.3.555 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 555 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raja Ponnuchamy ◽

Arunachalam Pragasam ◽

Soupramanien Aravajy ◽

Prakash Patel ◽

Lipi Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

Life Form ◽

Local Level ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Ground Level ◽

Life Forms ◽

Evergreen Forest ◽

Coastal Vegetation ◽

Climbing Plants

A qualitative floristic exploration with life form classifications and monitoring of flowering and fruiting phenology has been carried out at a restored site near Puducherry, South India in 2009 and 2010. The species were classified into three categories based on their occurrence status, namely, Naturally Occurring, Naturally Regenerated and Introduced. The present study focuses only on two life forms, the Herbaceous and the Climbing plants. The site selected for eco-restoration originally comprised of an eroded and severely degraded landscape with scattered remnant species. However, active human intervention over a thirty year period included the introduction of appropriate plant species and other physical measures to enhance soil fertility and ground water level, and regenerate and conserve the deteriorating typical Tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) vegetation. A large number of naturally ccurring herbaceous, climbing species (172) and a consistent number of naturally regenerated species (44) are now observed as a result of eco-restoration. Lowland herbaceous species have also established themselves as a green cover at ground level. At present, parts of the area have fertile soils and rich floristic composition with the herbaceous life form represented by 165 species encompassed in 105 genera and 37 families, and the climbing plants represented by 68 species belonging to 54 genera and 25 families. ‘Genus to family’ and ‘species to genus’ ratios indicate the establishment of diverse vegetation in the study site. Nearly one third of the species have been observed flowering throughout the year and about half of the species were observed fruiting throughout the year. We emphasize that the two fold approach of land and vegetation reclamation has been very effective in helping restore the unique TDEF vegetation at the local level and the same may be extended to help regenerate and conserve the Coromandel Coastal vegetation at the regional scale.

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ABUNDANCE OF TREES USED AS FOOD BY PRIMATES IN FRAGMENTS OF ATLANTIC FOREST

ENVIRONMENTAL SMOKE ◽

10.32435/envsmoke.20181120-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20-41

Author(s):

Valdecir Da Silva ◽

Vera Lúcia da Silva ◽

Válter Da Silva ◽

Dimítri De Araújo Costa ◽

Francisco De Assis da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Primate Species ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Forest Diversity ◽

Large Size ◽

Historical Factors

Forest fragmentation favours the propagation of some arboreal primate species that can alter the floristic composition of a community. This process may be associated with the loss of seed dispersants. In this work we propose to identify if the presence of frugivorous primates of medium and large size (Sapajus flavius and Alouatta belzebul) can influence forest diversity and structure. Further, we ask if the size of the fragment affects the availability of resources for these primates. Three fragments were studied in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Paraíba, Brazil, located in the municipalities of Sapé, Mamanguape, Rio Tinto, and Mataraca. In each area 25 plots of 50 x 4 m were delimited, randomly distributed along trails and transects. All trees with chest-high circumferences (CAP) above 12 cm found within the plots were marked with ribbons, and numbered continuously. A total of 114 plant species were documented in the Pacatuba Forest, 79 in the Asplan Forest, and 97 in the “Guaribas” (Sema III) Biological Reserve (REBIO) Forest. According to the Chao and Jacknife estimators, the REBIO Guaribas Forest can present more species than recorded in the present investigation. Species Tapirira guianensis, Protium giganteum and Protium heptaphyllum are the most abundant in the Asplan, Pacatuba and Sema III Forests, respectively. In the REBIO Guaribas Forest, the Shannon diversity index was (H') = 3.75, the Alpha-Fisher index was = 26.57 and the Simpson index (1-D) was = 0.90. Pacatuba was the forest fragment with the highest index of diversity (H') = 375, Alpha-Fischer = 33.74 and Simpson (1-D) = 0.95. Pacatuba and REBIO Guaribas Forsts possess greater Beta diversity. The results suggest that local and historical factors possibly increase Beta diversity, contributing to the increase in resources used as food by primates. Therefore, the presence of primates of medium and large size in the Pacatuba Forest may affect the diversity of resources, contributing to the dispersion of large fruits and seeds. The presence of primates of medium and large size can thus contribute to the preservation of floristic diversity in forest fragments.

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Composição florística da regeneração de um trecho de savana na Amazônia Oriental

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v13.6.p2777-2787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2777

Author(s):

Ana Caroline De Souza Campos ◽

Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim

Keyword(s):

Life Form ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

First Record ◽

Life Forms ◽

Arithmetic Mean ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Extensive Degradation ◽

The City ◽

Traditional Communities

O objetivo da pesquisa foi conhecer a composição florística da regeneração natural de um trecho de savana amazônica no estado do Pará. O estudo foi realizado em uma savana na localidade de Itapuá, município de Vigia de Nazaré, Pará a 93 km da cidade de Belém. A coleta de dados ocorreu mensalmente no período de setembro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020 em 80 subparcelas de 1 x 1m alocadas aleatoriamente correspondente a 480 subparcelas em um total de 480 m2. Em cada subparcela foram identificadas e quantificadas todas as espécies com altura ≤ 1 m. A identificação botânica in loco foi realizada por um parabotânico do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG. A organização das famílias foi de acordo com APG IV e caracterizada em família, gênero, espécie e forma de vida e calculada a média aritmética e desvio padrão com auxílio do Programa Bioestat 5.0. Foram registradas 36 famílias, 73 gêneros e 99 espécies. Fabaceae (14), Poaceae (13), Cyperaceae (9), Myrtaceae (7) e Dilleniaceae (6) foram representativas em número de espécies. Paspalum registrou o maior número de espécies (5) seguido por Chamaecrista, Myrcia e Scleria (4) e Axonopus, Borreria, Byrsonima, Davilla, Doliocarpus, Eriosema, Eugenia, Miconia, Ouratea, Polygala e Rhynchospora (2). A forma de vida dominante foi de Erva com 40 espécies, Arbusto (21) e Árvore (20). A savana de Itapuá apresentou riqueza de 99 espécies, 36 famílias e 73 gêneros estando acima que outras savanas amazônicas cujas espécies estiveram distribuídas nas famílias Fabaceae, Poaceae e Cyperaceae. O gênero Paspalum com o maior número de espécies juntamente com outras caracterizou a forma herbácea como a dominante. Este foi o primeiro registro de espécies regenerantes e suas formas de vida em uma savana amazônica. Com base nesses conhecimentos, outras iniciativas devem ser buscadas para outras manchas de savanas visando mostrar a importância da conservação destes ambientes que ultimamente vem sofrendo ampla degradação na Amazônia. Floristic composition of the regeneration of a stretch of savanna in the Eastern Amazon A B S T R A C TThe savannas are Amazonian and represent an ecological potential for use in several aspects, especially for traditional communities, however, they are suffering forest, environmental and human losses.The objective of the research was to know the floristic composition of the natural regeneration of a stretch of Amazonian savanna in the state of Pará. The study was carried out in the savanna of Itapuá, municipality of Vigia de Nazaré, Pará wich 93 km from the city of Belém. Data collection occurred monthly from September 2019 to February 2020 in 80 1 x 1m subplots randomly allocated corresponding to 480 subplots and a total of 480 m2. In each subplot, all species with height ≤ 1 m were identified and quantified. The botanical identification in loco was carried out by a parabotan from the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG. The organization of the families was in accordance with APG IV and characterized in family, genera, species and way of life and calculated the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for families and life forms with the aid of the Bioestat 5.0 Program, 36 families, 73 genera and 99 species were registered, Fabaceae (14), Poaceae (13), Cyperaceae (9), Myrtaceae (7) and Dilleniaceae (6) were representative in number of Paspalum registered the largest number of species (5) followed by Chamaecrista, Myrcia and Scleria (4) and Axonopus, Borreria, Byrsonima, Davilla, Doliocarpus, Eriosema, Eugenia, Miconia, Ouratea, Polygala and Rhynchospora (2). Dominant life form was Herb with 40 species, Shrub (21) and Tree (20). It was concluded that the Itapuá savanna presented a richness of 99 species in comparison to other Amazonian savannas distributed in the Fabaceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae families. Paspa lum with the largest number of species together with others characterized the herbaceous form as the dominant one. This was the first record of regenerating species and their life forms in an Amazonian savanna. Based on this knowledge, other initiatives should be sought for other savanna patches in order to show the importance of conserving these environments, which lately has been undergoing extensive degradation in the Amazon.Keywords: Lower stratum; way of life; conservation.

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