scholarly journals Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Cassenote ◽  
Pedro Giovâni da Silva ◽  
Rocco Alfredo Di Mare ◽  
Andressa Paladini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Biological Reserve

ABSTRACT Dung beetle species were collected between May 2016 and July 2017 with pitfall traps baited with human feces in four Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We sampled 5,535 individuals belonging to 46 species. Canthidium aff. trinodosum (20.71%), Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840 (14.82%), Onthophagus catharinensis Paulian, 1936 (12.09%), Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (7.61 %), Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (7.49%), and Canthon rutilans cyanescens Harold, 1868 (7.22%) were the most abundant species, which represented 70% of the individuals sampled. Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve had the higher richness and Morro do Cerrito the higher abundance, while Val Feltrina presented the lowest values. The greatest similarity occurred between Turvo State Park and Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, while Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve and Val Feltrina had the lowest similarity. Only 11 species (23.9%) occurred in all sites, while 14 species were restricted to only one of the fragments. Both abundance and richness of dung beetles were positively correlated with site temperature but not with precipitation.

scholarly journals Areas of endemism in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest based on the distribution of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L. da Silva ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Grid Size ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Areas Of Endemism ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Our goals were to determine whether the pattern of geographical distribution of dung beetles in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), Southeast Brazil, supports the identification of the areas of endemism in this biome, how the number and boundaries of the areas of endemism vary with the spatial scale used in the analysis, if the areas of endemism identified here are consistent with previous proposals described in the literature. We used the analysis of endemicity (NDM) on the distributional patterns of 198 species and subspecies of dung beetles in order to identify areas of endemism into grids of 0.25°x0.25°, 0.5°x0.5° and 1°x1°. A total of 15 consensus areas (CA) were identified with the different grid sizes employed (two of 0.25°, three of 0.5° and 10 of 1°). Our results support the assumptions about the influence of the grid size, since a smaller number of CA were identified for the 0.25° grids (02 CA), whereas by increasing the size of the units, there was an increase in the number of the areas of endemism (10 CA of 1°). Despite different levels of geographical congruence, the areas of endemism located in the BAF described elsewhere are corroborate, all or part of them. The overlap of these CA allowed the definition of three generalized areas of endemism: Southeast, Central and Southwest. These generalized areas encompassed habitats with great environmental variety, potentially influencing the levels of endemism of species of dung beetles. Furthermore, they were corroborated by other areas of endemism described in the literature, allowing us to argue that processes forming these regions have influenced dung beetle species as described for other groups of organisms.

scholarly journals First report on dung beetles in intra-Amazonian savannahs in Roraima, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe M. França ◽  
Vanesca Korasaki ◽  
Julio Louzada ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Previous Record ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The City

This is the first study to address the dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) diversity in intra-Amazonian savannahs in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Our aim was to survey the dung beetle fauna associated with these savannahs (regionally called 'lavrado'), since little is known about the dung beetles from this environment. We conducted three field samples using pitfall traps baited with human dung in savannah areas near the city of Boa Vista during the rainy seasons of 1996, 1997, and 2008. We collected 383 individuals from ten species, wherein six have no previous record in intra-Amazonian savannahs. The most abundant species were Ontherus appendiculatus (Mannerheim, 1829), Canthidium aff. humerale (Germar, 1813), Dichotomius nisus (Olivier, 1789), and Pseudocanthon aff. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1846). We believe that knowing the dung beetles diversity associated with the intra-Amazonian savannahs is ideal for understanding the occurrence and distribution of these organisms in a highly threatened environment, it thus being the first step towards conservation strategy development.

scholarly journals Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
László Somay ◽  
Viktor Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Boros ◽  
Réka Ádám ◽  
András Báldi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

scholarly journals Evaluating leaf litter beetle data sampled by Winkler extraction from Atlantic forest sites in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Werner Hopp ◽  
Edilson Caron ◽  
Richard Ottermanns ◽  
Martina Roß-Nickoll
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Sites

A taxonomic revision of Paracanthon Balthasar, 1938 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Thaynara L. Pacheco ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Paracanthon Balthasar 1938 includes four nominal species of dung beetles occurring in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, and Misiones, Argentina. Here we describe twelve new species of Paracanthon: P. arnaudi sp. n., P. belloi sp. n., P felipei sp. n., P genieri sp. n., P. grossiorum sp. n., P. laevinotus sp. n., P. lopesandradei sp. n., P. marinezae sp. n., P. millerorum sp. n., P.monteiroorum sp. n., P. muriloi sp. n., P. ocellatopunctatus sp. n. We propose P. pereirai d’Andretta & Martínez 1957 as a new junior subjective synonym of P. rosinae Balthasar 1942. In addition, we present new data on the morphology of the hindwings and male genitalia, and an identification key to the species of the genus. Paracanthon is restricted to the Atlantic domain, and we briefly discuss the possible processes that might have led to the diversification of the putative lineages recognized here.

Avermectin residues in sheep and cattle dung and their effects on dung-beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) colonization and dung burial

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Wardhaugh ◽  
R. J. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

AbstractData from dung-baited pitfall traps show that dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) do not discriminate against dung from sheep or cattle treated with avermectin. On the contrary, for a period post-treatment, dung from animals treated with avermectin attracted more beetles than dung from untreated animals. This effect was more marked with cattle dung than with sheep dung. The period of enhanced attractiveness of sheep dung was restricted to dung produced during the first day after treatment, whereas with cattle dung, the effect was still evident in faeces produced 25 days after treatment. Cattle dung produced from 3–25 days post-treatment caused 100% mortality in newly hatched larvae of the bushfly, Musca vetustissima Walker (Diptera:Muscidae). In dung of day 35, mortality was 93.6%. Dung collected from sheep from 1–6 days after treatment also caused 100% mortality of fly larvae, but by day 28, no toxic effects were detectable. Field observations on the colonization of cattle pats confirmed the enhanced attractiveness of dung from treated animals and suggested that departure rates from treated dung were lower than those from untreated dung. Treated pats supported higher beetle populations than untreated pats and burial was more rapid. The potentially serious implications of the enhanced attractiveness of avermectincontaminated dung are discussed in relation to the survival of dung beetle communities.

scholarly journals New records of relictual populations of dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian Northeast

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1303
Author(s):  
Josival Francisco Araújo ◽  
Fernando Augusto Barbosa Silva ◽  
Rita de Cássia de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Records ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

The diversity of dung beetles is still underestimated in northeastern Brazil. Recent collections have revealed new records of the following species: Canthon histrio (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828), Coprophanaeus acrisius (MacLeay, 1819), Coprophanaeus dardanus (MacLeay, 1819), Deltochilum alpercata Silva et al., 2015, Deltochilum brasiliense (Castelnau, 1840), Dichotomius gilletti Valois et al., 2017, Dichotomius iannuzziae Valois et al., 2017, Eurysternus calligrammus Dalman, 1824, Eurysternus parallelus Castelnau, 1840, Oxysternon silenus Castelnau, 1840, and Phanaeus splendidulus (Fabricius, 1781). These records are discussed in light of the known biogeography of each species.

Structure of local communities of endemic dung beetles in Madagascar

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Viljanen ◽  
Helena Wirta ◽  
Olivier Montreuil ◽  
Pierre Rahagalala ◽  
Steig Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Total Fauna

Abstract:The wet tropical forests in Madagascar have endemic dung beetles that have radiated for tens of millions of years using a limited range of resources produced by the species-poor mammalian fauna. Beetles were trapped in two wet-forest localities over 4 years (6407 trap nights, 18,869 individuals). More limited data for six other local communities were used to check the generality of the results. Local communities are relatively species poor (around 30 species) in comparison with wet-forest-inhabiting dung beetle communities elsewhere in the tropics (typically 50 or more species). The species belong to only two tribes, Canthonini and Helictopleurina (Oniticellini), which have evolved, exceptionally for dung beetle tribes, completely nocturnal versus diurnal diel activities, respectively. Patterns in the elevational occurrence, body size and resource use suggest that interspecific competition restricts the numbers of locally coexisting species exploiting the limited range of resources that are available. On the other hand, regional turnover in the species composition is exceptionally high due to a large number of species with small geographical ranges, yielding a very large total fauna of dung beetles in Madagascar (>250 species). Apart from exceptionally low local (alpha) diversity and high beta diversity, the Malagasy dung beetle communities are ecologically distinctive from comparable communities in other tropical regions in having high numerical dominance of the most abundant species, small average body size and low degree of resource specialization.

scholarly journals Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from crepuscular period in an Atlantic Forest area in Southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Orlandin ◽  
E. B. Santos ◽  
M. Piovesan ◽  
M. A. Favretto ◽  
A. H. Schneeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Etiological Agents

Abstract Crepuscular period is one of the factors that may influence the biting activity of mosquitoes. Many of these insects have a peak activity in this period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the afternoon crepuscular activity of Culicidae in a remaining area of Atlantic Forest in western Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Moreover, the possible influence of abiotic factors, the abundance and species richness were verified. In order to better analyze the influence of crepuscular period in specific composition and abundance of mosquitoes, the dusk was divided into three periods: pre-sunset, sunset and post-sunset. At the end of the study, nine hundred and eight four specimens distributed in 12 genera and 23 species were collected. Trichoprosopon pallidiventer (Lutz, 1905) (59.76%), Aedes crinifer (Theobald, 1903) (8.13%), Ae. scapularis (Rondani, 1848) (5.89%) were the most abundant species. Spring time presented the greatest abundance and species richness. During the study, among the three periods evaluated, pre-sunset had the greatest abundance and post-sunset the lowest. Pre-sunset and sunset had the greatest similarity between species. Regarding to the abiotic factors evaluated seven and 15 days before sampling, they did not present significant correlation for the three most abundant species. However, temperature had a positive correlation to these species. Moreover, the correlation between collected species and its possible role as vectors of etiological agents of diseases was discussed.

Field assessments of the impact of night-flying dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on the bush fly, Musca Vetustissima Walker (Diptera: Muscidae), in south-western Australia

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ridsdill Smith ◽  
J. N. Matthiessen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of excluding the night-flying dung fauna, which included one abundant species of dung beetle (Scarabaeidae) in each of two areas, on the numbers of Musca vetustissima Wlk. emerging from cattle dung pads was studied in south-western Australia. Fresh dung pads were exposed to natural, daytime oviposition by M. vetustissima and half were covered at night. A test at one site before dung beetles emerged showed no effect of other nocturnal fauna on fly survival. In three experiments where Onthophagus ferox Har. was excluded, the numbers of flies emerging increased from 679 to 1019 per dung pad. In five experiments where Onitis alexis Klug was excluded, the number of flies emerging increased from 14 to 33 per dung pad. The mortality contributed by Onthophagus ferox was estimated to be around 27% and that by Onitis alexis around 15%.

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