scholarly journals Influence of the microhabitat on the trap construction of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane N. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Antlion Larvae

ABSTRACT Antlion larvae of Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Návas, 1914) build their traps in a microenvironment with protection from the direct action of rain and other perturbations as well as microhabitats that are less protected from disturbances that can destroy the traps. Differences in microhabitats may affect the characteristics of the trap-building process due the high energy expenditure exerted in building and maintaining these traps, which led to the following question: Do antlion larvae of M. brasiliensis build larger traps in protected microhabitats? Considering the occurrence of M. brasiliensis larvae in two microhabitats and the measurements of the size of the larvae and their traps, the hypothesis was that larvae would occur in greater abundance and the trap size would be larger in more protected microhabitats. The results showed that antlions occurred in equal abundance in both microhabitats, but density was greater in the protected microhabitat. Even in months with more rainfall, M. brasiliensis larvae continued to forage throughout the year in the protected microhabitat and the investment in trap size was greater in this microhabitat. This suggests that the larvae of the protected microhabitat have an advantage, given that they have the possibility of foraging throughout the year.

scholarly journals Efficiency estimation for permanent magnets of synchronous wind generators

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Serebryakov ◽  
N. Levin ◽  
A. Sokolov ◽  
E. Kamolins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrical Machine ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Efficiency Estimation ◽  
Indirect Action ◽  
Proper Orientation

Abstract Application of wind generators opens wide possibilities for raising the efficiency of low- and medium-power wind generators (WGs). The mass of generators in the proposed version is smaller, their reliability higher, while maintenance costs are lower. At the same time, the use of high-energy permanent magnets in generators of enhanced power comes up against some obstacles, which can be overcome through proper orientation of magnetization at creation of a magnetic field in the airgap of electrical machine. In this regard, it might be preferable to use magnets with indirect action on the airgap instead of those with direct action. A convincing example of the former variant is a generator with tangentially oriented magnetization of permanent magnets. In the work, an attempt is done to prove the advantages of such installation in modern low- and medium-power WGs

Meals, snacks and food choices in Brazilian shift workers with high energy expenditure

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. de Assis ◽  
M. V. Nahas ◽  
F. Bellisle ◽  
E. Kupek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shift Workers

scholarly journals Impact of high energy oral nutritional supplements consumed in the late afternoon on appetite, energy intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in females with lower BMI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Fatima ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Charlotte Wright ◽  
Dalia Malkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Daily Energy

Abstract Background/Objective Morning consumption of a single dose of high-energy oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in females with a lower BMI displaces some of the food eaten at breakfast but increases overall daily energy intake. This study investigated the effectiveness of ONS intake in the late afternoon and for longer duration. Subjects/Methods Twenty-one healthy females (mean ± SD, age 25 ± 5 years; BMI 18.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated in a randomised, crossover study with two experimental trials. In the afternoon of days 1–5, participants consumed either ONS (2.510 MJ) or low-energy PLACEBO drink (0.377 MJ) and recorded food eaten at home. On day six, energy intake was measured during buffet meals, and energy expenditure, appetite measurements and blood samples were collected throughout the day. Result Over the 5-day period, in the ONS trial energy intake from evening meals was lower (ONS, 2.7 ± 0.25 MJ; Placebo, 3.6 ± 0.25 MJ, P = 0.01) but averaged total daily energy intake was higher (ONS, 9.2 ± 0.3 MJ; PLACEBO, 8.2 ± 0.4 MJ, P = 0.03). On day six, energy intake, appetite scores, plasma GLP-1 and PYY, and energy expenditure were not significantly different between the two trials but fasting insulin concentration and HOMAIR, were higher (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity score based on fasting insulin and TAG lower (P < 0.05) in ONS trial. Conclusion Late afternoon consumption of ONS for five consecutive days by females with a lower BMI has only a partial and short-lived energy intake suppression and thus increases daily energy intake but reduces insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals High energy expenditure is not protective against increased adiposity in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. J. Zinkel ◽  
R. I. Berkowitz ◽  
A. J. Stunkard ◽  
V. A. Stallings ◽  
M. Faith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Energy

scholarly journals MetAP2 inhibition increases energy expenditure through direct action on brown adipocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (24) ◽  
pp. 9567-9575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Jing Huang ◽  
Corine Holub ◽  
Paul Rolzin ◽  
James Bilakovics ◽  
Andrea Fanjul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Brown Adipocytes

Disadvantages of living in a populous neighborhood for sit‐and‐wait predators: Competition for space reduces pit‐trap size in antlion larvae

Ethology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037
Author(s):  
Alejandro G. Farji‐Brener ◽  
Agostina S. Juncosa‐Polzella ◽  
Daniela Madrigal Tejada ◽  
Diego Centeno‐Alvarado ◽  
Mariana Hernández‐Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competition For Space ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Antlion Larvae

scholarly journals High energy expenditure masks low physical activity in obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P DeLany ◽  
D E Kelley ◽  
K C Hames ◽  
J M Jakicic ◽  
B H Goodpaster
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Energy

The Energetics of Semicontact 3 × 2-min Amateur Boxing

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Davis ◽  
Renate M. Leithäuser ◽  
Ralph Beneke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
High Energy Phosphate ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Amateur Boxing ◽  
Phosphate System ◽  
Respiratory Gases

The energy expenditure of amateur boxing is unknown.Purpose:Total metabolic cost (Wtot) as an aggregate of aerobic (Waer), anaerobic lactic (W[lactate]), and anaerobic alactic (WPCr) energy of a 3 × 2-min semicontact amateur boxing bout was analyzed.Methods:Ten boxers (mean ± SD [lower/upper 95% confidence intervals]) age 23.7 ± 4.1 (20.8/26.6) y, height 180.2 ± 7.0 (175.2/185.2) cm, body mass 70.6 ± 5.7 (66.5/74.7) kg performed a semicontact bout against handheld pads created from previously analyzed video footage of competitive bouts. Net metabolic energy was calculated using respiratory gases and blood [lactate].Results:Waer, 526.0 ± 57.1 (485.1/566.9) kJ, was higher (P < .001) than WPCr, 58.1 ± 13.6 (48.4/67.8) kJ. W[lactate], 26.2 ± 7.1 (21.1/31.3) kJ, was lower (P < .001) than Waer and WPCr. An ~70-kJ fraction of the aerobic energy expenditure reflects rephosphorylation of high-energy phosphates during the breaks between rounds, which elevated Wtot to ~680 kJ with relative contributions of 77% Waer, 19% WPCr, and 4% W[lactate].Conclusions:The results indicate that the metabolic profile of amateur boxing is predominantly aerobic. They also highlight the importance of a highly developed aerobic capacity as a prerequisite of a high activity rate during rounds and recovery of the high-energy phosphate system during breaks as interrelated requirements of successful boxing.

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