daily energy intake
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2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Rafael de Cabo

Abstract Classic implementation of calorie restriction (CR) in laboratory animals increases health and longevity in most model organisms. Traditionally, chronic CR is the reduction of daily energy intake without malnutrition. Recently, paradigms have emerged that recapitulate some of the beneficial aspects of this intervention, avoiding some of its challenges. The length of daily fasting length and periodicity have emerged as potential drivers behind CR’s beneficial health effects. Numerous strategies and eating patterns, including prolonged periods of fasting, have been successfully developed to mimic many of CR’s benefits without its austerity. These new feeding protocols range from short mealtimes designed to interact with our circadian system (daily time-restricted feeding) to more extended fasting regimens known as intermittent fasting. We will discuss the current status of knowledge on different strategies to reap the benefits of CR on metabolic health in rodent models and humans without the rigor of chronic reductions in caloric intake.


Author(s):  
J. Seemer ◽  
E. Kiesswetter ◽  
D. Fleckenstein-Sußmann ◽  
M. Gloning ◽  
S. Bader-Mittermaier ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose Individualised interventions are recommended to tackle malnutrition in older adults, but approaches for nursing home (NH) residents are scarce. This study investigated the effects of an individualised nutritional intervention in NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition. Methods In a pre-post study, 6 weeks (w) of usual care were followed by 6w of intervention. The intervention consisted of up to three supplement modules (sweet and savoury protein creams and protein-energy drink, single or combined) and, if required, reshaped texture-modified meals (RTMM). Results Fifty residents completed the study (84 ± 8 years, 74% female). One-third (32%) received RTMM. Additional 258 ± 167 kcal/day and 23 ± 15 g protein/day were offered. Mean daily energy intake increased by 207 (95%CI 47–368, p = 0.005) kcal and protein intake by 14 (7–21, p < 0.001) g (w12 vs w1). Quality of life (QoL) increased in the subscale “care relationship” (+ 9 (3–15) points, p = 0.002, w12 vs w6). Body weight, handgrip strength, and other QoL subscales did not change. Conclusion Our intervention improved dietary intake and one QoL subscale in NH residents with (risk of) malnutrition. As a next step, randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the impact of individualised interventions more comprehensively.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4122
Author(s):  
Ana Maestre ◽  
Isabel Sospedra ◽  
José Miguel Martínez-Sanz ◽  
Ana Gutierrez-Hervas ◽  
José Fernández-Saez ◽  
...  

People’s eating habits and lifestyle can have a negative impact on health. In situations of difficulty or socioeconomic crisis, these habits tend to be modified, leading to unhealthy dietary patterns that result in an increase of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Previous studies have indicated that, due to the state of alarm imposed in Spain to combat the spread of COVID-19, an increase in the purchase of non-core products occurred, along with a decrease in the daily physical activity of the population. This could be a risk factor for COVID-19 infection. The objective of this observational study was to analyze the dietary pattern of the Spanish population during home confinement and to compare it with the pattern of habitual consumption collected in the last National Health Survey, analyzing the possible changes. More than half of the respondents in the sample increased their consumption of sweets and snacks during confinement, while the consumption of fresh products decreased. Most claimed to be emotionally hungry, leading to an increase in their daily energy intake. The stress and anxiety generated by confinement could be the cause of the increased consumption of products rich in sugars and saturated fats, which are associated with greater stress and anxiety.


Author(s):  
Sadia Fatima ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Charlotte Wright ◽  
Dalia Malkova

Abstract Background/Objective Morning consumption of a single dose of high-energy oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in females with a lower BMI displaces some of the food eaten at breakfast but increases overall daily energy intake. This study investigated the effectiveness of ONS intake in the late afternoon and for longer duration. Subjects/Methods Twenty-one healthy females (mean ± SD, age 25 ± 5 years; BMI 18.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) participated in a randomised, crossover study with two experimental trials. In the afternoon of days 1–5, participants consumed either ONS (2.510 MJ) or low-energy PLACEBO drink (0.377 MJ) and recorded food eaten at home. On day six, energy intake was measured during buffet meals, and energy expenditure, appetite measurements and blood samples were collected throughout the day. Result Over the 5-day period, in the ONS trial energy intake from evening meals was lower (ONS, 2.7 ± 0.25 MJ; Placebo, 3.6 ± 0.25 MJ, P = 0.01) but averaged total daily energy intake was higher (ONS, 9.2 ± 0.3 MJ; PLACEBO, 8.2 ± 0.4 MJ, P = 0.03). On day six, energy intake, appetite scores, plasma GLP-1 and PYY, and energy expenditure were not significantly different between the two trials but fasting insulin concentration and HOMAIR, were higher (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity score based on fasting insulin and TAG lower (P < 0.05) in ONS trial. Conclusion Late afternoon consumption of ONS for five consecutive days by females with a lower BMI has only a partial and short-lived energy intake suppression and thus increases daily energy intake but reduces insulin sensitivity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-831
Author(s):  
Alan Flanagan ◽  
Elizabeth Lowson ◽  
Bruce A. Griffin ◽  
Debra J. Skene

The percentage of women working regular nightshift work has increased in the past decade. While nightshift work has the potential to exert adverse effects on dietary habits, little is known about the impact of a parent working nightshifts on dietary habits in the family. We analysed energy intake, meal timing, and diet quality among dependent children and male partners of 20 female UK National Health Service (NHS) nurses working rotational nightshifts. Comparing nightshift against non-nightshift conditions, we hypothesised that maternal nightshift work would affect the evening energy intake, diet quality and time of eating of dependent children and adult partners. Primary outcomes were absolute energy intake and the proportion of daily energy intake consumed in the evening (16:00–23:59 h). Our results show that in pre-teen children aged 8–12 years (n = 13, mean ± SD, 9.9 ± 1.6 yrs; 9 males), the proportion of total daily energy intake consumed during periods of nightshift work was significantly greater compared to periods of non-nightshifts (45.7% ± 8.8% vs. 39.7% ± 7.0%, mean ± SD, p = 0.012). There was no effect of nightshift work on dietary habits in teenage children or partners. The finding of a greater proportion of daily energy consumed in the evening period in pre-teen children is noteworthy, as it suggests that pre-teen children more dependent than older teenage children may be more vulnerable to disruptions to dietary patterns associated with maternal nightshift work.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Robinson ◽  
India McFarland-Lesser ◽  
Zina Patel ◽  
Andrew Jones

Background. Portion sizes of many foods have increased over time and reducing food portion sizes has been proposed as a public health strategy to reduce obesity. However, the extent to which reducing food portion sizes affects daily energy intake and body weight is unclear. Objective. To systematically review and meta-analyse experimental studies that have examined the effect that serving smaller vs. larger portion sizes has on total daily energy intake. Design. We used systematic review methodology to search identify eligible articles that used an experimental design to manipulate portion size served to human participants and measured energy intake for a minimum of one day. Multi-level meta-analysis was used to used to pool effects of portion size on daily energy intake. Results. Fourteen eligible studies were included and 85 effects were included in the primary meta-analysis. There was a moderate-to-large reduction in daily energy intake when comparing smaller vs. larger portions (SMD = -.709 [95% CI: -.956 to -.461], p < .001, I2 = 80.6%) and evidence of a dose dependent response. Larger reductions to portion size and reducing portion sizes of multiple meals per day both resulted in larger decreases in daily energy intake. There was also evidence of a curvilinear relationship between portion size and daily energy intake, whereby reductions to daily energy intake were markedly smaller when reducing portion size from very large portions. In a subset of studies that measured body weight (n=5), being served smaller portions was associated with less weight gain than larger portions (SMD = .536 ([95% CI: .268 to .803], p < .001, I2 = 47.0%). Conclusions. Smaller food portion sizes substantially decrease daily energy intake and there is evidence that over time this results in lower body weight. Reducing food portion sizes may be an effective population level strategy to reduce obesity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 603-611
Author(s):  
L. Beltaifa ◽  
R. Bouguerra ◽  
C. Ben Slama ◽  
H. Jabrane ◽  
A. El Khadhi ◽  
...  

We evaluated the effects of fasting during Ramadan on nutritional intake and plasma lipoproteins in 20 healthy adults of normal weight. A 5-day food questionnaire was completed for every participant. Clinical investigations, anthropometrical measurements and laboratory analysis were also undertaken. Body weight, blood pressure and blood glucose were not influenced by fasting but there were non-significant modifications in the plasma lipid fractions. The total cholesterol remained unchanged. Total daily energy intake was comparable before, during and after Ramadan despite the decrease in meal frequency during fasting. Thus fasting in Ramadan did not affect dietary intake, clinical, anthropometrical and most biological parameters


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2921
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Shono ◽  
Rie Tsutsumi ◽  
Kana Beppu ◽  
Rina Matsushima ◽  
Suzuno Watanabe ◽  
...  

(Background) We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate (MSG) on chemotherapy-induced downregulation of the T1R3 taste receptor subunit expression in the tongue of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. (Methods) Patients undergoing two rounds of chemoradiotherapy were randomly allocated to a control or intervention group (dietary supplementation with MSG at 2.7 g/day during the second round of chemotherapy). The relative expression of T1R3, a subunit of both umami and sweet taste receptors, in the tongue was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dysgeusia was assessed with a visual analog scale and daily energy intake was evaluated. (Results) T1R3 expression levels in the tongue, taste sensitivity, and daily energy intake were significantly reduced after the first round of chemotherapy compared with before treatment. Furthermore, these parameters significantly decreased after the second round of chemotherapy, but the extent of decrease was significantly attenuated in the MSG group compared with the control group. (Conclusions) MSG supplementation suppresses chemotherapy-induced dysgeusia, possibly due to the inhibition of the T1R3-containing taste receptor downregulation in the tongue, thereby increasing energy intake in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.


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