Repeated cesarean section and vaginal delivery after cesarean section in São Paulo State in 2012

Abstract Objectives: describe mothers, pregnancies and newborns’ characteristics according to the type of childbirth history and to analyze repeated cesarean section (RCS) and vaginal delivery after cesarean section (VBACS), in São Paulo State in 2012. Methods: data are from the Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Birth Information Systems). To find the RCS’s group, the current type of childbirth equal to cesarean section was selected and from these all the previous cesareans. To identify the VBACS’s group all live birth with current vaginal delivery were selected and from these all previous cesareans. Mothers with a history of RCS and VBACS were analyzed according to the characteristics of the pregnancy, newborn and the childbirth hospital. Results: 273,329 mothers of live birth with at least one previous child were studied. 43% of these were born of RCS and 7.4% of VBACS. Mothers who underwent RCS are older and higher educated and their newborns presented a lower incidence of low birth weight. Early term was the most frequent rating for gestational age born of RCS. Live births were of VBACS and had greater proportions of late term. The RCS was more common in hospitals not affiliated with the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health System) (44.1%). Conclusion: the high RCS’s rates, especially in the private sector, highlight the necessity of improvements in childbirth care model in São Paulo.

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Cesarean section rates in São Paulo State: regional inequalities in SUS obstetric care

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042020000400012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1137-1149

Author(s):

Fabiana Santos Lucena ◽

Mariana Tarricone Garcia ◽

Lígia Schiavon Duarte

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Public Administration ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Regions ◽

Paulo State ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Nonprofit Administration ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Childbirth Care

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the relation between cesarean section rates in SUS childbirth care establishments in São Paulo State and urbanization conditions, according to Robson group classification system. Methods: Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Births Information System) and Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (National Registry of Health Establishments) 2016 databases were analyzed. The studied outcome was cesarean section rates in the establishments, grouped by administration type (public or nonprofit entities) and urbanization condition. Results: the cesarean section rate in SUS childbirth care establishments was 50.5%, ranging from 41.1% in metropolitan regions up to 75.2% in the low urbanized regions. Cesarean section rates in public administration establishments (38.2%) were significantly lower than the nonprofit administration maternity hospitals (62.3%). Robson groups 5 and 2 contributed mostly to the cesarean section global rate (36.6% and 21.5%, respectively). Conclusions: The less urbanized regions showed significantly higher cesarean section rates than the metropolitan and highly urbanized regions. Cesarean section rates of public administration establishments were significantly lower than the nonprofit administration establishments. However, when separated by urbanization condition its difference was only observed in the metropolitan regions.

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Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032008000200015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 127-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Ricardo Jannini Sawaya ◽

Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques ◽

Marcio Martins

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Paulo State ◽

Extensive Field ◽

History Of ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Scientific Collections

Neotropical snake assemblages present high species richness and complex structures. The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and was included among the 25 World's biodiversity hotspots. In southeastern Brazil, the remnant Cerrado areas have suffered intense destruction, and presently less than 2% of Cerrado natural vegetation remain in São Paulo state. Virtually no detailed study on Cerrado snakes was carried out in this region. The Itirapina region has one of the last well preserved remnants of open cerrado in São Paulo state. Our purpose in this work was the study of natural history and composition of the Cerrado snakes of Itirapina region. We performed an extensive field sampling combining six sampling methods in Estação Ecológica de Itirapina and disturbed Cerrado areas in its surroundings (municipalities of Itirapina and Brotas), during 101 trips throughout 43 months, between September 1998 and March 2002, corresponding to 446 days of field sampling. We also collected additional data from museum specimens housed in scientific collections. We present data on size, general abundance, habitat and macrohabitat use, daily and seasonal activity, feeding, reproduction, and defense. We also compared the Itirapina snake assemblage with nine snake assemblages of Brazil, from Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and other open habitats. We recorded a total of 36 snake species among 755 individuals found in the field and six records from scientific collections and literature, belonging to 25 genera and five families. The snake assemblage comparisons indicate that the Cerrado has its own identity regarding the snake composition. Although small (about 2,300 ha), the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina encompasses well preserved and representative Cerrado physiognomic forms, which harbors a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna. The occurrence of some species only inside the reserve also indicates that the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina is of fundamental importance to the maintenance of Cerrado biodiversity.

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Santa Blandina copper mine, São Paulo State, Brazil

Terrae Didatica ◽

10.20396/td.v16i0.8660129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. e020046

Author(s):

Andrea Bartorelli

Keyword(s):

Copper Deposit ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Internal Space ◽

São Paulo ◽

Copper Mine ◽

Paulo State ◽

History Of ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Museums And Collections ◽

The 1960S

This article aims to retrieve the history of Santa Blandina's remarkable copper deposit in the Itapeva region, in the southeastern state of São Paulo, Brazil. It was discovered in 1941 by João Baptista Anhaia de Almeida Prado. The approach adopted here contemplates the genesis of mineralization and mainly its importance as a source of beautiful mineral specimens for museums and collections. Until the end of the 1960s there was a large cavern in a mineralized lode in limestones of the Açungui Group, with an internal space of around 100 m3, with the ceiling, walls and floor covered with stalagitic and mamelonar malachite, as well as some chrysocolla and azurite. This cavern was destroyed along with precious specimens, at a time when the lack of interest in preserving these rarities was remarkable, causing the loss of a unique mineralization of its kind.

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Taphonomy and depositional history of an upper Cretaceous turtle-bearing outcrop from the Adamantina Formation, southwestern São Paulo State

Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia ◽

10.4072/rbp.2006.2.01 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Reinaldo Bertini

Keyword(s):

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Depositional History ◽

Paulo State ◽

History Of ◽

São Paulo State

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̃Evaluating reduction in CoViD-19 cases by isolation and protective measures in São Paulo State, Brazil, and scenarios of release

10.1101/2020.05.19.20099309 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyun Mo Yang ◽

Luis Pedro Lombardi Junior ◽

Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro ◽

Ariana Campos Yang

Keyword(s):

Deterministic Model ◽

Face Mask ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Model Parameters ◽

São Paulo ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Paulo State ◽

First Case ◽

History Of ◽

São Paulo State

AbstractSão Paulo State registered the first case of CoViD-19 on 26 February, the first death due to CoViD-19 on 16 March, and implemented the isolation of the population in non-essential activities on 24 March, which is programmed to end on 1 June. A mathematical model considering young (below 60 years old) and elder (above 60 years) subpopulations was formulated based on the natural history of CoViD-19 to study the transmission of the new coronavirus in São Paulo State, Brazil. This deterministic model used the data collected in São Paulo State to estimate the model parameters and to evaluate the effects of herd protection, that is, isolation and personal and collective protective measures. Based on the estimated parameters, we evaluated the scenarios of three releases divided in equal proportions elapsed by 14 days between releases, but beginning in three different times (the first release occurring on 1 and 23 June, and 6 July). We concluded that these three strategies of release are equivalent (little difference) in reducing the number of severe CoViD-19 if social behaviour does not change. However, if protective measures as using face mask and hygiene (washing hands, for instance) and social distancing could be massively disseminated in the population to decrease the transmission of CoViD-19 by 80%, we concluded that the health care system may not collapse with release.

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Evaluating the impacts of release in São Paulo State (Brazil) on the epidemic of covid-19 based on mathematical model

10.1101/2020.08.03.20167221 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyun Mo Yang ◽

Luis Pedro Pedro Lombardi Junior ◽

Ariana Campos Yang ◽

Fabio Fernandes Morato Castro

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Isolated Population ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

History Of ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

To flatten the curve of the natural epidemic of covid-19, many countries adopted lockdown or isolation resulting in the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, an important question arises about the strategies of release of isolated persons to avoid overloaded hospitals and increased deaths. São Paulo State (Brazil) implemented the isolation of the population in non- essential activities on March 24, and the progressive flexibilization considering the characteristics of each location (release of the isolated population) initiated on June 15. A mathematical model based on the natural history of covid-19 was applied to describe the epidemiological scenario with isolation in São Paulo State, and assess the impact of release on the covid-19 epidemic. Using data collected from São Paulo State, we estimated the model parameters to obtain the curves of the epidemic, the number of deaths, and the clinical evolution of covid-19. The epidemic under isolation was the framework to evaluate the strategies of the release, that is, how these curves are changed with the release of isolated persons. We evaluated three strategies of release. First two strategies considered four releases in the isolated population in four equal proportions, but successive releases elapsed by 14 and 21 days. In each strategy the beginning of the release was on June 29 and July 13, when the effective reproduction number Ref was evaluated. The third strategy aimed at the protection of the elder subpopulation. We observed that the delay to begin the release and the increased elapse between successive releases resulted in a better scenario by decreasing severe covid-19 cases and, consequently, to avoid overloaded hospitals. We also observed that the release delayed to achieve lower values for Ref and infectious persons retarded in several months the quick increasing phase of the forthcoming epidemic. However, this epidemic can be flattened or even suppressed by isolation of infectious persons by mass testing and/or by rigid adoption of protective measures and social distancing.

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