scholarly journals Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margy Alejandra Esparza Mora ◽  
Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro Castilho ◽  
Marcelo Elias Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).

scholarly journals A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 153-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Tortorici ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Silvia T. Moraglio ◽  
Marco G. Pansa ◽  
Maryam Asadi-Farfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
The Subject

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomrpha halys (Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna of Trissolcus Ashmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms of T. semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment of T. semistriatus and the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments. Trissolcus semistriatus, T. belenus (Walker), T. colemani (Crawford), and T. manteroi (Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use of Trissolcus wasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.

scholarly journals Holistic approach to control Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Eligio Malusá ◽  
Małgorzata Tartanus ◽  
Ewa M. Furmanczyk ◽  
Barbara H. Łabanowska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Root Feeding

AbstractTo achieve an effective reduction of the damage by root feeding grubs of Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations, we have tested an approach targeting different stages of the insect’s biological cycle. Adult beetles were caught by using light traps or by manual shaking off trees associated to the monitoring of cockchafer swarm flights supported by forecasts models. Phytosanitary pre-crops and the application of biological control agents were tested against the larvae. The three predictive models utilized to forecast the period of emergence of the cockchafer were suitable to support the deployment of the light traps before the adults’ swarm flights. Traps positioned at 4-m height were more effective in attracting the beetles than those kept at 2-m height. Buckwheat in mixtures with either a mustard or leguminous species used as pre-crops was able to reduce the population of grubs, and considering also its capacity in solubilizing recalcitrant phosphorous sources should enter in a rotation with strawberry or any other crop susceptible to grubs damage. The distribution of two different strains of entomopathogenic fungi resulted in a reduction of the damage to plants due to the cockchafer grubs’ activity, even though the efficacy resulted to be dependent on environmental and agronomic factors, including the kind of formulation used. It is concluded that to assure a sufficient level of control of Melolontha spp. in organic strawberry plantations, it is necessary to integrate several methods that are targeting the different biological stages of the insect and are based on different kinds of practices.

scholarly journals Francis Hugh Adam Marshall, 1878-1949

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

F. H. A. Marshall was born at High Wycombe on 11 July 1878, the fifth child and fifth son of Thomas Marshall, J.P., and Mary ( Lucas) Marshall of that town. He died in Cambridge on 5 February 1949, following an emergency operation for appendicitis. He had suffered from indifferent health at several periods of his life, but his death was unexpected and came as a sad blow to his many pupils and colleagues. Marshall did not marry and his brothers had no children; he leaves no surviving near relatives except an elder brother. Marshall’s name must always be associated with the study of the physiology of reproduction. At the present time, reproduction in all its aspects is the subject of intensive research in every part of the world, and recent discoveries loom large. It is well, therefore, to recall that forty years ago Marshall was outstanding among the pioneers who were laying the foundations of what is now a major preoccupation of biologists. The development of present knowledge was influenced decisively by Marshall’s inspired perspicacity, and the writer is honoured to record, for new generations of biologists, the achievement and distinction of his one-time tutor.

Entomopathogenic fungi of the oil palm pest,Zophiuma butawengi(Fulgoromorpha: Lophopidae), and potential for use as biological control agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane N Woruba ◽  
Michael J Priest ◽  
Charles F Dewhurst ◽  
Catherine W Gitau ◽  
Murray J Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biological Control Agents

scholarly journals Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Biological Control Agents of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Compatibility With Chemical Insecticides

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Duarte ◽  
K. C. Gonçalves ◽  
D. J. L. Espinosa ◽  
L. F. Moreira ◽  
S. A. De Bortoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Rhyzobius ventralis (Erichson) and R. forestieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), their biology and value for scale insect control

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aola M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Wax Production ◽  
Sydney Australia

AbstractLife-cycles and voltinism are described for Rhyzobius ventralis (Erichs.) and R. forestieri (Muls.) living in the region of Sydney, Australia, and also the role each plays in its particular biocoenosis. Colour variation and wax production are described for the larvae, prepupae, pupae and adults of both species, also the defensive and feeding behaviour. New and known host records are listed for both species. Reasons are suggested for the success, partial failure or failure of the species as biological control agents in various parts of the world.

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