Anatomical description of retromolar foramina in dry human mandibles: incidence, morphometry, and topography

ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out morphometric, topographic, incidence analysis of retromolar foramina in dry adult human mandibles, and relate the findings to Dental practice. Methods: 265 mandibles were evaluated simultaneously by two researchers. With the aid of metal wires, each retromolar foramen was classified regarding diameter. Foramina with a diameter smaller than 0.5mm were not taken into account. Results: Retromolar foramina were observed in 23.4% of cases, with a higher bilateral incidence (with distinction of both antimeres), and up to 4 of them located in the same mandible. Furthermore, most foramina had a diameter between 0.5 and 1mm. Conclusion: The retromolar foramina are clinically relevant findings and should never be underestimated by clinicians.

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Awareness and Readiness of Dentists to Practice amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

10.53350/pjmhs2115123318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3318-3321

Author(s):

Ehsan ul Haq ◽

Ahmad Liaqat ◽

Mujtaba Nadeem ◽

Shaheen Ahmad ◽

Saba Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Sindh Province ◽

Practice Methods ◽

Gilgit Baltistan ◽

Dental Professionals

Background: Corona Virus spreads via droplets and air. Dentists are at high risk due to proximity to the oral cavity and the production of droplets during procedures. Aim: To assess awareness of COVID19 among dental professionals and check their knowledge about the COVID-19 disease, its route of spread, clinical symptoms, tests for diagnosis, prevention in dental practice for a safe return to the dental practice. Methods: Online questionnaires were shared with dentists all over the country using convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire assessed knowledge, aptitude and effect on dental practice. SPSS, v. 21.0 was used for analysis. Results: Total number of participants was (316) and were from all provinces of the country (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, KPK, Gilgit Baltistan). Most of the entries were from Sindh province (58.1%). Most of the participants are qualified as BDS(69.4%), 11.7% are FCPS, 5.7% are BDS with additional certifications. Participation from the age group 20-30 years was 74% followed by 18% of the age group 30-40. Conclusions: Dentists of our country were well aware of this pandemic and are fully equipped to manage their practices while preventing cross-contamination. Keywords: dentists, COVID-19, pandemic, Personal protective equipment

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Probiotics in Oral Health and Disease: A Systematic Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11178070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 8070

Author(s):

Perrine Saïz ◽

Nuno Taveira ◽

Ricardo Alves

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Total Data ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Practice Methods

Purpose: Probiotics may exclude or antagonize oral pathogens and be useful to prevent oral dysbiosis and treat oral diseases. The objective of this review was to assess the benefits of probiotics in oral health and disease, and in dental practice; Methods: Primary articles published between January 2012 and 30 December 2020 with full text available were searched in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, B-on, and SciELO; Results: The electronic search identified 361 references of which 91 (25.2%) met all the inclusion criteria. In total, data from 5374 participants with gingivitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, caries, orthodontic conditions, halitosis, or oral conditions associated with chemo-radiotherapy were included. Despite major inconsistencies between clinical trials, probiotics have been found to contribute to reduce S. mutans counts (L. paracasei SD1), reduce probing depth in chronic periodontitis (B. animalis subsp. lactis DN-173010 with L. reuteri), reduce levels of volatile sulfur compounds and halitosis (L. salivarius WB21), treat oral mucositis and improve the quality of life of patients undergoing cancer chemo-radiotherapy (L. brevis CD2). Combinations of probiotic bacteria tend to lead to higher clinical efficacy than any individual probiotic agent; Conclusion: Oral probiotics influence favorably the oral microbiota and provide benefits to the oral ecosystem in periodontal diseases, cariology, halitosis, orthodontics and management of oral mucositis resulting from cancer treatment. However, the use of probiotics in dental practice or in self-management preventive strategies requires additional well controlled clinical trials to determine the most effective probiotic combinations, the most appropriate probiotic vehicle, and the frequency of administration.

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Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149386 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

G. McMahon ◽

T. Malis

Keyword(s):

Particle Surface ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Physical Sciences ◽

Pull Out ◽

Large Particles ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Metal Wires ◽

Frequent Problem ◽

Specific Orientation ◽

Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

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