scholarly journals Are Abrolhos no-take area sites of naïve fish? An evaluation using flight initiation distance of labrids

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Anchieta C. C. Nunes ◽  
◽  
Miguel Loiola ◽  
Ricardo J. Miranda ◽  
Cláudio L. S. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Flight Initiation

ABSTRACT Fishing pressure affects the behavior of reef fish, especially of fishery-targeted species. In this context, it is critical to understand if fish behavior is preserved in no-take areas (NTAs), which are considered the best instrument for the recovery of fish stocks. Comparing the flight initiation distances (FIDs) of fish inhabiting multiple-use areas (MUAs), where fishing is allowed (including spearfishing), and NTAs is a useful approach to test whether NTAs can be effective as fish refuges. Here, we compared whether the FIDs of two target (Sparisoma axillare and Scarus trispinosus ) and one non-target (Halichoeres poeyi ) labrids are greater in the MUAs than in the NTAs. We also investigated whether group size (GS) and body size (BS) exert any effect on the FID. We sampled four MUAs and four NTAs in the Abrolhos Bank (Brazil). We found that only for the targeted species FID was shorter inside the NTAs and that the BS had a positive effect on the FID of all species. The GS and BS of the fish are greater in the NTAs than in the multiple-use areas only for S. trispinosus . Our study shows that fish, especially those species that are fishery targets, display an avoidance behavior against spearfishermen likely as a consequence of fishing pressure. We suggest that the NTAs in Abrolhos are not only important sites for the recovery of fish stocks but also possibly act as a repository area of naïve fish (fish that allow human approach), for reefs open for fishing.

scholarly journals Water body type and group size affect the flight initiation distance of European waterbirds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mayer ◽  
Daniel Natusch ◽  
Shane Frank
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Flight Initiation

Effects of depth on reef fish flight initiation distance: implications of deeper reefs conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Cipresso Pereira ◽  
Claudio Henrique Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
Gislaine Vanessa de Lima ◽  
Larissa de Jesus Benevides
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Flight Initiation

Body size and reserve protection affect flight initiation distance in parrotfishes

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoko M. Gotanda ◽  
Katrine Turgeon ◽  
Donald L. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Flight Initiation

scholarly journals European birds adjust their flight initiation distance to road speed limits

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Legagneux ◽  
Simon Ducatez
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Local Speed

Behavioural responses can help species persist in habitats modified by humans. Roads and traffic greatly affect animals' mortality not only through habitat structure modifications but also through direct mortality owing to collisions. Although species are known to differ in their sensitivity to the risk of collision, whether individuals can change their behaviour in response to this is still unknown. Here, we tested whether common European birds changed their flight initiation distances (FIDs) in response to vehicles according to road speed limit (a known factor affecting killing rates on roads) and vehicle speed. We found that FID increased with speed limit, although vehicle speed had no effect. This suggests that birds adjust their flight distance to speed limit, which may reduce collision risks and decrease mortality maximizing the time allocated to foraging behaviours. Mobility and territory size are likely to affect an individuals' ability to respond adaptively to local speed limits.

scholarly journals Body size, reef area and temperature predict global reef-fish species richness across spatial scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Barneche ◽  
E. L. Rezende ◽  
V. Parravicini ◽  
E. Maire ◽  
G. J. Edgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reef Area ◽  
Reef Fish Species

scholarly journals Increasing corvid tolerance to humans in urban ecosystems with increasing latitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Poddubnaya ◽  
Tatyana Korotkova ◽  
Polina Vanicheva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alert Distance ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
Flight Initiation

The rapid growth of cities causes behaviour changes in birds in response to urban environmental factors. The avian response to human disturbance has recently been studied by a non-invasive research tool as an alert distance (AD) and a flight initiation distance (FID) assessment. The tolerance of hooded crows (n = 395), jackdaws (n = 394) and rooks (n = 169) to humans was assessed by AD and FID. It was shown that the FID of all species is maximal during the summer, when the parents send clear “danger—fly away” signals to the young and the birds fly away. The AD and FID of the three species reliably correlates with the season. Rooks showed FID species-specificity in seven cities of Eastern Europe. Comparison of the attitude of birds to people in cities that have similarities in human culture showed that tolerance increases with increasing latitude in all species and is statistically significant only in the jackdaw. This should be taken into account in environmental protection measures.

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