Host-seeking behavior of the Heterorhabditis amazonensis nematode in response to stimulant sources1

ABSTRACT Several species of entomopathogenic nematodes have different host-seeking methods, and could be considered as "ambusher" or "cruiser". These differences may depend on how the nematodes detect the volatile signals used as cues for foraging. This study aimed to evaluate the locomotor response of Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC5 to the compounds from root exudates of different plants, as well as to stimulants produced by the presence of insects or to the feeding activity of insects on plants. Arenas with agar-water substrates, containing root exudates from corn, bean, soybean, cucumber, garlic and tomato seedlings, were assembled to determine the substrates possibly preferred by H. amazonensis.Arenas with sand were also constructed to include, besides the seedling root exudates, treatments containing Spodoptera frugiperda, garlic seedlings and S. frugiperda feeding on garlic seedlings. The H. amazonensis species was attracted to the volatile chemicals emitted by all the root exudates tested, especially the exudate from garlic seedlings. However, it showed the greatest attraction to the combination of garlic seedlings and S. frugiperda, indicating that the search of H. amazonensis for its host is enhanced by the association between the insect and the volatile chemical compounds produced by plants, when attacked by insects.

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Study on host-seeking behavior and chemotaxis of entomopathogenic nematodes using Pluronic F-127 gel

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.jip.2019.01.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 54-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chunjie Li ◽

Xianhong Zhou ◽

Edwin E. Lewis ◽

Yi Yu ◽

Congli Wang

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Host Seeking ◽

Seeking Behavior

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Influence of pyrethroïd-treated bed net on host seeking behavior of Anopheles gambiae s.s. carrying the kdr allele

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0164518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. e0164518 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Angélique Porciani ◽

Malal Diop ◽

Nicolas Moiroux ◽

Tatiana Kadoke-Lambi ◽

Anna Cohuet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anopheles Gambiae ◽

Bed Net ◽

Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽

Host Seeking ◽

Seeking Behavior

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Volatile and Non-Volatile Chemical Compounds and Biological Power of the genus Lavandula: Case of two Moroccan Lavenders Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Cultivated Lavander) and Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. (Spontaneous Lavander)

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.21608/ejchem.2021.82036.4053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Fatima Zahrae Radi ◽

Nadia Zekri ◽

Aziz Drioiche ◽

Hannou Zerkani ◽

Amal Boutakiout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Compounds ◽

Lavandula Angustifolia ◽

Volatile Chemical Compounds

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Memahami Komunikasi Tumbuhan-Tanah dalam Areal Rhizosfir untuk Optimasi Pengelolaan Lahan

Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21082/jsdl.v11n1.2017.33-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Enny Widyati

Keyword(s):

Invasive Plants ◽

Root Exudates ◽

Soil Microbes ◽

Native Plants ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Indigenous Plants ◽

Local Varieties ◽

Rhizosphere Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Associations ◽

Mycorrhizal Association

Abstrak. Seperti halnya dunia manusia, tumbuhan juga mengembangkan sistem komunikasi untuk mencapai kesejahteraan hidupnya. Bahasa yang digunakan adalah senyawa kimia yang diproduksi oleh eksudat akar. Tumbuhan merupakan inisiator karena mereka yang memiliki tujuan untuk apa komunikasi dibangun. Tumbuhan mengeluarkan eksudat akar untuk memanggil atau untuk mengusir mikroba yang diinginkan. Tumbuhan mengirim surat undangan pada beberapa mikroba dengan mensekresikan eksudat akar. Untuk membangun asosiasi mikoriza tumbuhan mengeluarkan gula, asam amino dan strigolakton. Hal tersebut akan dibalas oleh fungi dengan mengeluarkan senyawa flavonoid yang menunjukkan spesifikasi jenis inang-mikoriza. Hadirnya senyawa flavonoid merupakan undangan bagi rhizobium pada tanaman legum untuk membangun asosiasi. Tumbuhan akan menyeleksi rhizobium yang akan diajak berasosiasi dengan mensekresikan senyawa kanavanin yang bersifat toksik. Kesalahan dalam mengeluarkan eksudat akar merupakan surat undangan yang keliru bagi tumbuhan. Dosis senyawa stigolakton yang terlalu rendah tidak akan dapat membentuk asosiasi mikoriza tetapi yang berkembang adalah patogen. Walaupun tumbuhan menghasilkan senyawa fitoantisipin untuk mencegah serangan patogen dan fitoaleksin ketika patogen sudah menginfeksi. Komunikasi akar dengan akar tumbuhan lain dilakukan dengan menghasilkan senyawa alelopati untuk membatasi pertumbuhan akar di sekelilingnya yang dianggap sebagai pesaing. Tanaman invasif atau gulma umumnya selain menghasilkan alelopati juga memproduksi katekin yang dapat membunuh mikroba menguntungkan pada tumbuhan setempat. Akibatnya tumbuhan lokal akan rentan terhadap serangan penyakit dan berujung pada kematian. Selain alelopati, untuk merespon kehadiran tetangganya tumbuhan juga menghasilkan senyawa glukosinolat yang jumlahnya makin meningkat sejalan dengan tingginya biodiversitas vegetasi. Senyawa ini merupakan senyawa beracun bagi patogen, sehingga tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan dengan pola monokultur menjadi rentan terhadap penyakit. Oleh karena itu agar tanah tetap memiliki kandungan senyawa glukosinolat yang memadai serta tetap memelihara kondisi rhizosfir yang dinamis perlu dilakukan pergiliran tanaman varietas lokal setelah beberapa rotasi tanaman.Abstract. Similar to human, plants also develop a communication system to achieve their prosperity. Plants utilize chemical compounds of their root exudates as the “languange”. Plants are the initiator of communications, since they define the purposes of building communication. Root exudates are released either to attract or to demenish the soil microbes target as an “invitation letter” to some microbes. To build a mycorrhizal association, for examples, plants issue sugars, amino acids and strygolactones to the rhizosphere. Fungi will reply the invitation by secreting flavonoid compounds that determine host-mycorrhizal specifications. The presence of flavonoids is another invitation to rhizobia to establish association in legume rhizosphere. Plants will select attracted bacteria to build the most host-specific rhizobium association by secreting canavanine compounds that are toxic to non-target rhizobia. Occasionally, an error happened in issuing invitation. When plant release strygolactone in a very low dosages, it will be failure to build mycorrhizal associations otherwise pathogen colonizations, although plants produce either phytoantisipine to prevent pathogens infection or phytoalexin to counter infected pathogens. Communication among roots of neighboring plants is conducted by producing allellopathy compound to limit root growth of the competitors. Invasive plants or weeds generally also produce catechine compounds over the allellophaty that will eliminate soil beneficial microbes of the indigenous plants. As a result, the native plants will be vulnerable to disease and lead to distinct. Responding to the presence of neighboring roots, plants also produce glucosinolate compounds. Glucocynolate consentration will be increased in line with the richness of vegetation biodiversity. These compounds are toxic to the pathogen, which is why plants cultivated in monoculture become more susceptible to disease. Furthermore, to improve soil glucocynolate and to manage the dynamics in the rhizosphere, need to a shift cultivation after several rotations of a commodity with the local varieties.

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Spigelia longiflora (Mart. et. Gal.): actividad antialimentaria en tres especies de insectos fitófagos

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1351 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Miguel Ángel Villavicencio ◽

Blanca E. Pérez-Escandón

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Insect Species ◽

Epilachna Varivestis ◽

Pseudaletia Unipuncta

Insecto feeding activity of a fraction obtained from the leaves of Spigelia longiflora (Loganiaceae) was tested on the larvae of Pseudaletia unipuncta, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera) and Epilachna varivestis (Coleoptera). All the three insect species refused to eat diets treated with the obtained fraction

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POTENCIAL INSETICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) EM LEPIDÓPTEROS-PRAGA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Glauciany Soares Lopes ◽

Luciana Barboza Silva ◽

Eliane Carneiro ◽

Manoel Lopes da Silva Filho ◽

João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Period Increase ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Efficient Alternative

O complexo de lagartas desfolhadoras - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa armigera, são responsáveis por uma considerável redução na produção de grãos. A aplicação de extratos botânicos consiste em uma alternativa viável e eficiente de controle, além de ser menos nociva ao meio ambiente e a saúde do homem. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial inseticida do extrato bruto de folhas e casca de Anadenanthera macrocarpa, sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. Os insetos foram mantidos em dieta artificial em condições controladas. Foi avaliada a ação toxica dos extratos por aplicação tópica. Primeiramente foi estimada a concentração letal e em seguida foram determinados os parâmetros biológicos das três espécies de lepidópteros. Os extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa foram eficientes no controle de H. armigera, S. frugiperda e S. cosmioides reduzindo a sobrevivência em 75, 60 e 50%, respectivamente, além de alterações nos parâmetros biológicos como, aumento do período larval, redução de peso das larvas e pupas. Os compostos químicos presentes nos extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa, além de causar mortalidade direta dos insetos estudados, alteram o ciclo biológico de S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides e H. armigera.Palavras-chave: Angico-preto; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armigera; bioinseticidas. POTENTIAL INSECTICIDE OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) IN LEPIDOPTERAN-PESTS ABSTRACT: The leafless worm complex - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera - are responsible for a considerable reduction in grain production. The application of botanical extracts is a viable and efficient alternative of control, besides being less harmful to the environment and human health. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the raw extract of leaves and bark of Anadenanthera macrocarpa, on S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. The insects were kept on artificial diet under controlled conditions. The toxic action of the extracts was evaluated by topical application. First the lethal concentration was estimated and then the biological parameters of the three lepidopteran species were determined. The extracts of leaves and bark of A. macrocarpa were efficient in the control of H. armigera, S. frugiperda and S.a cosmioides, reducing survival in 75, 60 and 50%, respectively, as well as changes in biological parameters such as larval period increase, weight reduction of larvae and pupae. The chemical compounds present in the leaves and bark extracts of A. macrocarpa, besides causing direct mortality of the studied insects, alter the biological cycle of S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides and H. armigera.Keywords: Angico-black; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armígera; bioinsecticides.

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Host-Seeking Behavior of the Gypsy Moth: The Influence of Polyphagy and Highly Apparent Host Plants

Herbivorous Insects ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-045580-5.50012-4 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 201-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

DAVID R. LANCE

Keyword(s):

Gypsy Moth ◽

Host Plants ◽

Host Seeking ◽

Seeking Behavior

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Effect of Dinotefuran, Permethrin, and Pyriproxyfen (Vectra® 3D) on the Foraging and Blood-Feeding Behaviors of Aedes albopictus Using Laboratory Rodent Model

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11080507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 507

Author(s):

Younes Laidoudi ◽

Djamel Tahir ◽

Hacène Medkour ◽

Marie Varloud ◽

Oleg Mediannikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Selection Index ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Feeding Behaviors ◽

Host Seeking ◽

Seeking Behavior ◽

Feeding Effect ◽

Rats And Mice ◽

And Control

Dinotefuran-Permethrin-Pyriproxyfen (DPP) is used to kill and repel mosquitoes from dogs. However, the influence of the product on the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes remains unknown. The interference of DPP with the host selection of unfed female Aedes albopictus was investigated. A total of 18 animals (9 mice and 9 rats) were divided into three groups of six animals each. DU: DPP treated rats (n = 3) with untreated mice (n = 3), UD: DPP treated mice (n = 3) with untreated rats (n = 3) and control UU: untreated mice (n = 3) and untreated rats (n = 3). In each group, the rats and mice were placed 30 cm apart. After sedation, the animals in each group were exposed twice (Day 1 and Day 7 post-treatment) for one hour to 71 ± 3 female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were categorized after the 2-h post-exposure period as dead or alive. Blood-meal origin was determined from mosquitoes using a newly customized duplex qPCR. The highest values of forage ratio (1.36 ≥ wi ≤ 1.88) and selection index (0.63 ≥ Bi ≤ 0.94) for rat hosts indicates a preference of mosquitoes for this species as compared to mice when co-housed during the exposure. The mosquitoes only seldom fed on mice, even in the untreated group. The anti-feeding effect of DPP was therefore only assessed on rat’s hosts. The results showed that DPP, when directly applied on rats, provided a direct protection of 82% and 61% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively, while when applied on mice hosts (UD), the DPP provided an indirect protection of 21% and 10% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively. The results showed also that DPP, when applied on rats, provided a direct protection against Ae. albopictus bites. This effect did not result in increased exposure of the untreated host placed in the same cage at a distance of 30 cm.

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