OCCUPATIONAL AND INCOME INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY IN BRAZIL BETWEEN THE 1990s AND 2000s

Abstract This article presents the historical trends in intergenerational income mobility in Brazil between the 1990s and 2000s, based on an analysis of two age cohorts. The findings indicate a significant increase in social mobility. A second objective is to compare economic and sociological approaches to intergenerational mobility, utilizing trends in income mobility and occupational status mobility for this purpose. While the former rose substantially, the latter increased much more modestly. Finally, the article analyses the relation between intergenerational mobility in education and the other two types of mobility. Breaking down income and occupational mobilities into those factors that directly link parents to children (pure inheritance) and other factors mediated by education (mediated inheritance) reveals significantly different results for income and occupation.

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Subjective social mobility and health: Mind over matter?

10.31235/osf.io/x3bzk ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Präg ◽

Alexi Gugushvili

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Subjective Perceptions ◽

Status Mobility ◽

The Life Course ◽

Subjective Appraisals

One’s current socioeconomic position is intimately tied to one’s health status. Further, childhood living conditions also exert lasting effects on the health of adults. However, studies on changes in one’s socioeconomic position over the life course rarely find important effects of social mobility for individual health and wellbeing. Such studies always draw on objective measures of social mobility and do not consider subjective appraisals of social mobility by individuals themselves. Using cross-sectional, representative German survey data, we explore the question as to how subjective perceptions as opposed to objective accounts of occupational status mobility affect five self-reported health and wellbeing outcomes differently. We show that objective and subjective accounts of social mobility overlap, yet this association is far from perfect. Further, there are relatively small associations between objective and subjective mobility accounts and health outcomes. Associations between subjective mobility perceptions and health outcomes are intriguingly independent of objective social mobility trajectories. Mismatches between objective and subjective mobility are also correlated with some health outcomes. We discuss implications of our finding that social mobility is associated with those aspects of health which are more closely related to psychological wellbeing rather than physical health.

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Equalization or Selection? Reassessing the “Meritocratic Power” of a College Degree in Intergenerational Income Mobility

American Sociological Review ◽

10.1177/0003122419844992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 459-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xiang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Low Income ◽

College Graduates ◽

Intergenerational Mobility ◽

The United States ◽

Income Mobility ◽

Implicit Assumption ◽

College Degree ◽

Selection Processes ◽

Intergenerational Income Mobility

Intergenerational mobility is higher among college graduates than among people with lower levels of education. In light of this finding, researchers have characterized a college degree as a great equalizer leveling the playing field, and proposed that expanding higher education would promote mobility. This line of reasoning rests on the implicit assumption that the relatively high mobility observed among college graduates reflects a causal effect of college completion on intergenerational mobility, an assumption that has rarely been rigorously evaluated. This article bridges this gap. Using a novel reweighting technique, I estimate the degree of intergenerational income mobility among college graduates purged of selection processes that may drive up observed mobility in this subpopulation. Analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I find that once selection processes are adjusted for, intergenerational income mobility among college graduates is very close to that among non-graduates. This finding suggests that expanding the pool of college graduates per se is unlikely to boost intergenerational income mobility in the United States. To promote mobility, public investments in higher education (e.g., federal and state student aid programs) should be targeted at low-income youth.

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The Impact of Inequality on Intergenerational Mobility

Annual Review of Sociology ◽

10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 379-398

Author(s):

Thomas A. DiPrete

Keyword(s):

Occupational Status ◽

Local Variation ◽

Interdisciplinary Teams ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Income Mobility ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Relative Mobility ◽

Status Mobility ◽

The Impact

The extent and causes of trends and cross-national variation in social class and occupational status mobility have been major topics of sociological research for decades. This topic has acquired renewed salience as inequality in many industrialized countries has increased and as improvements in data and estimation methods have stimulated increased scrutiny of intergenerational earnings or income mobility as well. The more recent focus on earnings or income mobility largely comes from economists, though sociologists and interdisciplinary teams have made increasingly important contributions. Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that inequality trends are generating trends in absolute earnings mobility. Evidence about the impact of inequality on relative mobility is less clear, partly because within-country relative mobility trends are weak, partly because between-country differences in relative mobility likely have multiple causes, and partly because the rough stability in relative mobility could arise from offsetting forces. Efforts to exploit local variation in inequality and mobility have added important insights, as have studies that focus attention on mechanisms. The question of how inequality affects mobility cannot be answered definitively without a solid understanding of the multiple pathways that link a country's economic and institutional structure to its pattern of social mobility.

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The Canadian Geography of Intergenerational Income Mobility

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/uez019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 (631) ◽

pp. 2134-2174 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Miles Corak

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Administrative Data ◽

Intergenerational Mobility ◽

Income Mobility ◽

Men And Women ◽

Census Division ◽

Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽

Different Dimensions

Abstract Intergenerational income mobility varies significantly across Canada, with the 266 Census Divisions in the 1986 Census clustering into five non-contiguous regions. Nine complementary indicators are calculated for each Census Division using administrative data on a cohort of men and women born between 1963 and 1970. Collectively these indicators underscore the importance of simultaneously examining different dimensions of intergenerational mobility and also show that higher mobility is most strongly associated with less income inequality in the bottom half of the income distribution.

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The Intergenerational Mobility of Income: A Study Applied to the Spanish Case (2005–2011)

Journal of Family and Economic Issues ◽

10.1007/s10834-021-09809-w ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Sánchez Martín ◽

Carmelo García-Perez

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Intergenerational Mobility ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Income Mobility ◽

Equal Opportunities ◽

Economic Cycle ◽

Proxy Variables ◽

Intergenerational Income Mobility

AbstractIntergenerational income mobility has attracted the interest of many economists for—among other reasons—its role as a mechanism for reducing inequalities and achieving equal opportunities. In this paper, we analyse the intergenerational mobility of income in Spain in the years 2005 and 2011, located at different phases of the economic cycle. We use proxy variables (the economic situation of the household during the adolescence of the informant and the educational level achieved by parents) to study intergenerational income mobility, because there are not extant surveys with income information from parents and their descendants when they are part of a different household. With these variables, we try to verify the existence and degree of mobility by analysing different methodologies. The results suggest the existence of mobility in the two studied years, although a trend towards a reduction in intergenerational mobility is confirmed, already detected by other authors.

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