scholarly journals Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (2b) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Amo ◽  
José R. Criado ◽  
Shirley M. Otis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Data Support ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand ◽  
Motor Areas

This study determined whether the activity of the secondary motor cortex (M2) could be recorded during imagined movements (IM) of the right and left hand using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results during IM were compared with a somatosensory trial during a passive tactile stimulation in one subject. During the somatosensory trial, dipoles were detected in somatosensory (SS) and motor primary (M1) areas, scoring 94.4-98.4% for SS, 1.6-5.6% for M1 and 0% for M2. During the IM trial, dipoles were detected in SS, M1 and M2 areas, scoring 61.1-68.8% for SS, 2.6-9.3% for M1 and 28.6-29.6% for M2. These data support the hypothesis that M2 areas are activated during imagined hand movements. This study aims for the development of a diagnosis test for patients with motor deficits by evaluating the whole somatomotor network with specific interest in M2 areas.

Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Activity During Unimanual Hand Movements Relates to Task Complexity

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Verstynen ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen ◽  
Neil Albert ◽  
Paul Aparicio ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sequential Structure ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
The Right

Functional imaging studies have revealed recruitment of ipsilateral motor areas during the production of sequential unimanual finger movements. This phenomenon is more prominent in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements than in the right hemisphere during right-hand movements. Here we investigate whether this lateralization pattern is related specifically to the sequential structure of the unimanual action or generalizes to other complex movements. Using event-related fMRI, we measured activation changes in the motor cortex during three types of unimanual movements: repetitions of a sequence of movements with multiple fingers, repetitive “chords” composed of three simultaneous key presses, and simple repetitive tapping movements with a single finger. During sequence and chord movements, strong ipsilateral activation was observed and was especially pronounced in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements. This pattern was evident for both right-handed and, to a lesser degree, left-handed individuals. Ipsilateral activation was less pronounced in the tapping condition. The site of ipsilateral activation was shifted laterally, ventrally, and anteriorly with respect to that observed during contralateral movements and the time course of activation implied a role in the execution rather than planning of the movement. A control experiment revealed that strong ipsilateral activity in left motor cortex is specific to complex movements and does not depend on the number of required muscles. These findings indicate a prominent role of left hemisphere in the execution of complex movements independent of the sequential nature of the task.

scholarly journals Sacramento Peak Magnetograph

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Richard B. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Paper Tape ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Sacramento Peak ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Tape Reader ◽  
Raster Scan ◽  
Paper Tape Reader ◽  
Original Scheme ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand

The Sac Peak magnetograph (DZA) has been modified from Evans' original scheme so that it measures the displacement of the right and left hand circularly polarized lines separately. The computer reduction calculates the Zeeman and radial velocity signals. A grating servo system has been added to correct for slow temperature drifts in the spectrograph. A paper-tape reader controls the raster scan and the formatting of data on to magnetic tape.

BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with abnormal interhemispheric transfer of a newly acquired motor skill

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Morin-Moncet ◽  
Vincent Beaumont ◽  
Louis de Beaumont ◽  
Jean-Francois Lepage ◽  
Hugo Théoret
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Genotype Group ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Right

Recent data suggest that the Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene can alter cortical plasticity within the motor cortex of carriers, which exhibits abnormally low rates of cortical reorganization after repetitive motor tasks. To verify whether long-term retention of a motor skill is also modulated by the presence of the polymorphism, 20 participants (10 Val66Val, 10 Val66Met) were tested twice at a 1-wk interval. During each visit, excitability of the motor cortex was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) before and after performance of a procedural motor learning task (serial reaction time task) designed to study sequence-specific learning of the right hand and sequence-specific transfer from the right to the left hand. Behavioral results showed a motor learning effect that persisted for at least a week and task-related increases in corticospinal excitability identical for both sessions and without distinction for genetic group. Sequence-specific transfer of the motor skill from the right hand to the left hand was greater in session 2 than in session 1 only in the Val66Met genetic group. Further analysis revealed that the sequence-specific transfer occurred equally at both sessions in the Val66Val genotype group. In the Val66Met genotype group, sequence-specific transfer did not occur at session 1 but did at session 2. These data suggest a limited impact of Val66Met polymorphism on the learning and retention of a complex motor skill and its associated changes in corticospinal excitability over time, and a possible modulation of the interhemispheric transfer of procedural learning.

scholarly journals Trial-by-trial analysis of intermanual transfer during visuomotor adaptation

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 3157-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A. Taylor ◽  
Greg J. Wojaczynski ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Visuomotor Adaptation ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Intermanual Transfer ◽  
Visuomotor Rotation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

Studies of intermanual transfer have been used to probe representations formed during skill acquisition. We employ a new method that provides a continuous assay of intermanual transfer, intermixing right- and left-hand trials while limiting visual feedback to right-hand movements. We manipulated the degree of awareness of the visuomotor rotation, introducing a 22.5° perturbation in either an abrupt single step or gradually in ∼1° increments every 10 trials. Intermanual transfer was observed with the direction of left-hand movements shifting in the opposite direction of the rotation over the course of training. The transfer on left-hand trials was less than that observed in the right hand. Moreover, the magnitude of transfer was larger in our mixed-limb design compared with the standard blocked design in which transfer is only probed at the end of training. Transfer was similar in the abrupt and gradual groups, suggesting that awareness of the perturbation has little effect on intermanual transfer. In a final experiment, participants were provided with a strategy to offset an abrupt rotation, a method that has been shown to increase error over the course of training due to the operation of sensorimotor adaptation. This deterioration was also observed on left-hand probe trials, providing further support that awareness has little effect on intermanual transfer. These results indicate that intermanual transfer is not dependent on the implementation of cognitively assisted strategies that participants might adopt when they become aware that the visuomotor mapping has been perturbed. Rather, the results indicate that the information available to processes involved in adaptation entails some degree of effector independence.

Dominance of the Right Hemisphere and Role of Area 2 in Human Kinesthesia

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Naito ◽  
Per E. Roland ◽  
Christian Grefkes ◽  
H. J. Choi ◽  
Simon Eickhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Processus Styloideus ◽  
Motor Areas

We have previously shown that motor areas are engaged when subjects experience illusory limb movements elicited by tendon vibration. However, traditionally cytoarchitectonic area 2 is held responsible for kinesthesia. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging and cytoarchitectural mapping to examine whether area 2 is engaged in kinesthesia, whether it is engaged bilaterally because area 2 in non-human primates has strong callosal connections, which other areas are active members of the network for kinesthesia, and if there is a dominance for the right hemisphere in kinesthesia as has been suggested. Ten right-handed blindfolded healthy subjects participated. The tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscles of the right or left hand was vibrated at 80 Hz, which elicited illusory palmar flexion in an immobile hand (illusion). As control we applied identical stimuli to the skin over the processus styloideus ulnae, which did not elicit any illusions (vibration). We found robust activations in cortical motor areas [areas 4a, 4p, 6; dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) and bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA)] and ipsilateral cerebellum during kinesthetic illusions (illusion-vibration). The illusions also activated contralateral area 2 and right area 2 was active in common irrespective of illusions of right or left hand. Right areas 44, 45, anterior part of intraparietal region (IP1) and caudo-lateral part of parietal opercular region (OP1), cortex rostral to PMD, anterior insula and superior temporal gyrus were also activated in common during illusions of right or left hand. These right-sided areas were significantly more activated than the corresponding areas in the left hemisphere. The present data, together with our previous results, suggest that human kinesthesia is associated with a network of active brain areas that consists of motor areas, cerebellum, and the right fronto-parietal areas including high-order somatosensory areas. Furthermore, our results provide evidence for a right hemisphere dominance for perception of limb movement.

Purdue Pegboard: Test-Retest Estimates

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Reddon ◽  
David M. Gill ◽  
Stephen E. Gauk ◽  
Marita D. Maerz
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Right And Left Hand ◽  
Over Time

26 normal, self-reported dextral subjects (12 men, 14 women) were assessed with a Purdue Pegboard 5 times at weekly intervals to evaluate temporal stability and efficacy of lateralization with this test. There was a statistically significant increase in performance over time for men on the right- and left-hand placing subtests and for women on the assemblies subtest. For men/women the test-retest reliability over the 5 sessions averaged .63/.76 for the right-hand, .64/.79 for the left-hand, .67/.81 for both-hands, .81/.83 for assemblies, and .33/.22 for the right/left-hand ratio.

Working Memory for Movements

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Smyth ◽  
Lindsay R. Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
With Memory

Movement to spatial targets that can, in principle, be carried out by more than one effector can be distinguished from movements that involve specific configurations of body parts. The experiments reported here investigate memory span for a series of hand configurations and memory span for a series of hand movements to spatial locations. Spans were produced normally, or in conditions in which a suppression task was carried out on the right or the left hand while the movements to be remembered were presented. All movements were recalled using the right hand. There were two suppression tasks. One involved repeatedly squeezing a tube and so changing the configuration of the hand, and the other involved tapping a repeated series of spatial targets. The spatial tapping task interfered with span for spatial locations when it was presented on either the right or the left hand but did not affect span for movement pattern. The movement suppression task interfered with memory for movement pattern when it was presented on either the right or the left hand, but did not interfere with span for spatial locations. It is concluded that memory for movement configurations involves different processes from those used in spatial tasks and that there may be a need for a subsystem of working memory that is specific for movement configuration.

Register of Dupuytren’s Disease (Contracture) in Tatarstan Republic: Efficacy of Surgical Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
R. O Magomedov ◽  
G. I Mikusev ◽  
R. F Baykeev ◽  
I. E Mikusev ◽  
A. E Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Palmar Aponeurosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Intervention ◽  
Right And Left Hand

Analysis of Dupuytren’s contracture (DC) surgical treatment efficacy according to the Tatarstan Republic DC Register (258 patients, 343 hands) was performed. Partial wedge-shaped excision of palmar aponeurosis was the most common intervention on both the right and left hand. Late (1 year and over) postoperative complications (POC) — relapse, dissemination, progression were detected in 41.8% of patients at terms up to 15 years. Presence of POC on the operated hand caused disturbance of its function in 11.9% of cases on the right and 16.3% of cases on the left. Curability from DC made up 34.9 — 73.8% depending on the operated hand. Complete restoration of hand function was achieved in 22.2—100% of observations. Surgical treatment of DC enabled to ensure favorable patient’s condition at term 1 year and over in 67.5 and 59.9% of cases on the right and left hand respectively.

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