Purdue Pegboard: Test-Retest Estimates

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Reddon ◽  
David M. Gill ◽  
Stephen E. Gauk ◽  
Marita D. Maerz
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Right And Left Hand ◽  
Over Time

26 normal, self-reported dextral subjects (12 men, 14 women) were assessed with a Purdue Pegboard 5 times at weekly intervals to evaluate temporal stability and efficacy of lateralization with this test. There was a statistically significant increase in performance over time for men on the right- and left-hand placing subtests and for women on the assemblies subtest. For men/women the test-retest reliability over the 5 sessions averaged .63/.76 for the right-hand, .64/.79 for the left-hand, .67/.81 for both-hands, .81/.83 for assemblies, and .33/.22 for the right/left-hand ratio.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Idea Inventory

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norris D. Vestre
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The Idea Inventory proposed as a measure of irrational thinking as defined by rational-emotive theory, was administered to two independent samples of college students on two occasions. Sample 1 ( n = 135) provided a test-retest interval of 4 wk.; Sample 2 ( n = 114), an interval of 4 to 6 wk. Indices of temporal stability, test-retest reliability coefficients (product-moment) and group changes over time, indicated satisfactory reliability for the Idea Inventory.

scholarly journals Drawing with the Non-dominant Hand: Implications for the Study of Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherma Zacharias ◽  
Andrew Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand

ABSTRACT:Background:Constructional impairment following left vs. right hemisphere damage has been extensively studied using drawing tasks. A confounding factor in these studies is that right-handed patients with left hemisphere damage (LHD) are often forced by weakness to use their non-dominant (left) hand or hemiparetic dominant hand. Qualitative differences in the drawing characteristics of left and right hand drawings by normal subjects have not previously been characterized. The present study was undertaken to determine the qualitative differences between left and right hand drawings of normal subjects.Methods:Thirty right-handed, elderly subjects without a history of neurological disease were asked to draw, from memory, seven objects using the right and left hand. Half of the subjects were randomly assigned to draw with the left hand first, and half the right hand first. Right and left hand drawings were compared using a standardized scoring system utilized in several previous studies of drawing in focal and diffuse neurological disease. Each drawing was scored on eighteen criteria. Right and left hand drawing scores were then compared using the t-test for paired samples or the Wilcoxon matched-pairs testResults:Drawings made using the left hand were found to be significantly simpler, more tremulous and of poorer overall quality than drawings made by the same subjects using the right hand.Conclusions:The deficits found in left versus right hand drawings of normals are similar to those found in patients with LHD, suggesting that much of the drawing impairment seen following LHD is due to an elementary motor disturbance related to use of the non-dominant hand.

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF SELF-ESTIMATED INTELLIGENCE: TEMPORAL STABILITY OVER FOUR TIME PERIODS

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Mary Cruise ◽  
Christopher Alan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Over Time

Whilst there is a growing interest in self-estimated intelligence, to date only one study has examined the temporal stability of self-estimated intelligence. A sample of 228 third level students from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland completed self-ratings of overall IQ and 10 domains of intelligence over 4 time periods. Although there were increases in mean scores over time, t tests indicated that these were rarely significant. Significant positive correlations, ranging from moderate to strong, were also observed for all intelligences over the 4 time periods. These data suggest that whilst self-estimated intelligence is for the most part stable over time, there is a trend for scores to increase. Methodological limitations of this study are discussed.

scholarly journals The study of functional asymmetry in students and schoolchildren practicing martial arts

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Romanenko ◽  
Olha O. Podrihalo ◽  
Leonid V. Podrigalo ◽  
Sergii S. Iermakov ◽  
Zhanna V. Sotnikova-Meleshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Right And Left Hand

Background and Study Aim. The study of functional asymmetry in students and schoolchildren practicing martial arts using a computer test. Material and Methods. The study involved students and schoolchildren (n = 38) practicing the martial arts (taekwondo, karate). Participants were divided into groups according to the sports’ skill level. The first group included experienced athletes (n = 15, age – 19.00 ± 0.45 years). The second group included beginners (n = 23, age - 9.78 ± 0.65 years). The functional asymmetry was determined using «Reaction SM Dual» software for tablets with iOS. Two visual tests were used. The duration of each test was 100 s. Each test was divided into 5 stages. Each stage lasts 20 s. The first test (simple reaction) – the participant pushes against the circles on the screen with two hands. The second test (differentiated reaction) – the participant pushes against the circles of the same color (out of five possible) on the screen. The following indicators were determined: the number of pushes with the right and left hand (abs); reaction time with the right and left hand (s); duration of pushes with the right and left hand (ms). It was estimated the following indicators: total number of pushes; average reaction time; average duration of pushes. Results are estimated using parametric and nonparametric statistical indicators. Results. The number of pushes in the test, the reaction rate, and the duration of pushes were significantly higher in experienced athletes. It was determined the asymmetry due to the lower duration of pushes with the right hand compared to the left hand in beginners. The asymmetry was not confirmed in experienced athletes. The reaction rate for the left hand significantly increased compared to stage 1 in beginners: at stage 2 (t = -2.41), at stage 3 (t = -2.23), at stage 4 (t = -2.30) and at stage 5 (t = -2.68). This dependency was less expressed for the right hand. It was confirmed the increase of the reaction rate in comparison with stage 1: at stage 3 (t = -2.39), at stage 4 (t = -2.00) and at stage 5 (t = -2.32). The differences in the dynamics of the test were more expressed in experienced athletes. It was determined the decrease in the number of pushes compared to stage 1: stage 2 (t = 2.53), stage 4 (t = 2.89) and stage 5 (t = 2.61). For the right hand, this pattern was more expressed. The decrease in the number of pushes was determined compared with stage 1: stage 2 (t = 2.17), stage 3 (t = 2.07), stage 4 (t = 2.39) and stage 5 (t = 2.94). Experienced athletes have confirmed significant changes in the reaction rate with their left hand compared to stage 1: stage 4 (t = -2.33) and stage 5 (t = -2.06). For the right hand, this pattern was confirmed only for the final stage of the test (t = -2.35). Conclusions. It was confirmed the legitimacy of using a special computer test to study functional asymmetry in students and schoolchildren practicing martial arts. The test division into several stages can significantly increase the information content of the results. The applied battery of indicators provides the necessary information for the analysis of asymmetry. It was determined the best functional condition of experienced athletes compared to beginners. Experienced athletes demonstrate the best ability to mobilize and concentrate on extreme conditions. The dynamics of the test also confirms the asymmetry in athletes with less training experience. Performing a test with a differentiated stimulus confirmed the revealed patterns. The lack of asymmetry in experienced athletes confirms optimal training tactics. The asymmetry in beginners stipulates the correction of training. Used computer test can be recommended for martial arts athletes’ condition monitoring.

scholarly journals Can the Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) Be a Marker to Determine Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sevcan Uğur ◽  
Hasan Fatih Çay ◽  
İlhan Sezer ◽  
Cahit Kaçar
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Spinal Mobility ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand

Objective. The length ratio of the index finger (2D) to the ring finger (4D) (2D : 4D ratio) is considered a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. The 2D : 4D ratio is influenced by prenatal androgen and estrogen levels. Because ankylosing spondylitis (AS) influences men more frequently and severely than women, androgens are proposed to be related to AS pathogenesis. Estrogens have immune-modulating effects and reduce AS disease activity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between 2D : 4D ratio and AS disease activity. Material and Methods. In this study, 167 (43 female) patients diagnosed with AS were studied. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers were measured using a digital caliper. The 2D : 4D ratio was found by dividing the length of the second finger by the length of the fourth finger. AS disease activity was assessed with the Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). AS functional status was assessed with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). L-Schober, tragus to wall distance, finger to floor distance, and chest expansion were used to evaluate mobility. Results. In female patients, the right hand 2D : 4D ratios were higher than those in male patients. Biologic drug use was more frequent in males. The BASDAI scores were higher in female patients than in male patients. There were significant negative correlations between right and left hand 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI and BASDAI in female patients. There was no significant correlation between the 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI or BASDAI in male patients. We found a positive correlation between L-Schober and right hand 2D : 4D and a negative correlation between the left hand 2D : 4D ratio and finger to floor distance in female patients with AS. Conclusion. The 2D : 4D ratio of the right and left hand was low in female patients with high BASFI and BASDAI and low spinal mobility (L-Schober) was also linked to low female 2D : 4D. The lack of strong associations between 2D : 4D and AS in male patients may have resulted from their higher use of biologics.

scholarly journals Puzzle of Tamil Society – Right and Left Hand Sects

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
M Kayalvizhy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Right And Left Hand

The right hand and left and sect was a peculiar system prevailed in the Medieval period of Tamil Nadu. This system consists 98 castes in the two sects. This system dominated the Tamil society for hundreds of years. It is believed that Karikala Chola established this system. In course of time many clashes arrived between them and it ends with death. Due to this system society diverted in to two. The Tamil kings gave full support to this system. In the beginning of 19th century this system disappeared suddenly from Tamil society. Nobody came to a conclusion that why this system appeared and disappeared in our society.

Maturation of the Middle Phalanx of the Third Finger: A Comparative Study between Right and Left Hand

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gracco ◽  
Giovanni Bruno ◽  
Alberto De Stefani ◽  
Laura Siviero ◽  
Alessandro Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Third ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Right And Left Hand

Objectives: Recently a classification of patient's skeletal age based on the phalanx maturation, The Middle Phalanx Maturation of the third finger (MPM) method, was suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate if there is a difference in MPM between the right and left hand. Study design: Two hundred fifty-four patients were obtained from the Complex Operating Unit of Orthodontics of Padua University Hospital. The total sample size has been selected by appropriate statistical calculations resulting in 130 patients. It was decided to further double the sample size of a previous study to ensure a robust statistical analysis. Radiographs of the right and left were obtained using the MPM method. Stages were compared using the right hand as a reference. The statistical analysis (Fisher exact test) was performed for the entire sample and related to gender in order to compare the right and the left hand stages. Results: In MPS2, 6 out 49 (12.2%) males and 7 out 27 females (25.9%) showed MPS3 in the left hand (p-value < 0.05). In all other stages, a total agreement (100%) was found. Conclusion: The authors confirm the use of the right hand as reference. In patients with MPS2 an additional radiograph on the left hand can be taken in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy. In all other stages other radiographs are not needed as a total agreement between the right and left hand was found.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

scholarly journals Digit Variability in Carotenoid Scores Obtained with the Veggie Meter: A Pilot Study (P02-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velarie Ansu ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Alyce Fly
Keyword(s):  
Indiana University ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Objectives To determine which digit and hand have the highest and lowest skin carotenoid scores, to compare inter-and-intra-hand variability of digits, and to determine if results are consistent with another subject. Methods Two subjects’ first(F1), second(F2), third(F3) and fifth(F5) digits on both hands were measured for skin carotenoids with a Veggie Meter, for 3 times on each of 18 days over a 37-day period. Data were subjected to ANOVA in a factorial treatment design to determine main effects for hand (2 levels), digits (4), and days (18) along with interactions. Differences between digits were determined by Tukey's post hoc test. Results There were significant hand x digit, hand x day, digit x day, and hand x digit x day interactions and significant simple main effects for hand, digit, and day (all P < 0.001). Mean square errors were 143.67 and 195.62 for subject A and B, respectively, which were smaller than mean squares for all main effects and interactions. The mean scores ± SD for F1, F2, F3, and F5 digits for the right vs left hands for subject A were F1:357.13 ± 45.97 vs 363.74 ± 46.94, F2:403.17 ± 44.77 vs. 353.20 ± 44.13, F3:406.76 ± 43.10 vs. 357.11 ± 45.13, and F5:374.95 ± 53.00 vs. 377.90 ± 47.38. For subject B, the mean scores ± SD for digits for the right vs left hands were F1:294.72 ± 61.63 vs 280.71 ± 52.48, F2:285.85 ± 66.92 vs 252.67 ± 67.56, F3:268.56 ± 57.03 vs 283.22 ± 45.87, and F5:288.18 ± 34.46 vs 307.54 ± 40.04. The digits on the right hand of both subjects had higher carotenoid scores than those on the left hands, even though subjects had different dominant hands. Subject A had higher skin carotenoid scores on the F3 and F2 digits for the right hand and F5 on the left hand. Subject B had higher skin carotenoid scores on F5 (right) and F1 (left) digits. Conclusions The variability due to hand, digit, and day were all greater than that of the 3 replicates within the digit-day for both volunteers. This indicates that data were not completely random across the readings when remeasuring the same finger. Different fingers displayed higher carotenoid scores for each volunteer. There is a need to conduct a larger study with more subjects and a range of skin tones to determine whether the reliability of measurements among digits of both hands is similar across the population. Funding Sources Indiana University.

A Test-Retest Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of Judgments Via the Policy-Capturing Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812110115
Author(s):  
Ze Zhu ◽  
Alan J. Tomassetti ◽  
Reeshad S. Dalal ◽  
Shannon W. Schrader ◽  
Kevin Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Capturing ◽  
Reliability Estimate ◽  
Reliability Generalization ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Policy capturing is a widely used technique, but the temporal stability of policy-capturing judgments has long been a cause for concern. This article emphasizes the importance of reporting reliability, and in particular test-retest reliability, estimates in policy-capturing studies. We found that only 164 of 955 policy-capturing studies (i.e., 17.17%) reported a test-retest reliability estimate. We then conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on policy-capturing studies that did report test-retest reliability estimates—and we obtained an average reliability estimate of .78. We additionally examined 16 potential methodological and substantive antecedents to test-retest reliability (equivalent to moderators in validity generalization studies). We found that test-retest reliability was robust to variation in 14 of the 16 factors examined but that reliability was higher in paper-and-pencil studies than in web-based studies and was higher for behavioral intention judgments than for other (e.g., attitudinal and perceptual) judgments. We provide an agenda for future research. Finally, we provide several best-practice recommendations for researchers (and journal reviewers) with regard to (a) reporting test-retest reliability, (b) designing policy-capturing studies for appropriate reportage, and (c) properly interpreting test-retest reliability in policy-capturing studies.

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