Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Activity During Unimanual Hand Movements Relates to Task Complexity

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1209-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Verstynen ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen ◽  
Neil Albert ◽  
Paul Aparicio ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Sequential Structure ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
The Right

Functional imaging studies have revealed recruitment of ipsilateral motor areas during the production of sequential unimanual finger movements. This phenomenon is more prominent in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements than in the right hemisphere during right-hand movements. Here we investigate whether this lateralization pattern is related specifically to the sequential structure of the unimanual action or generalizes to other complex movements. Using event-related fMRI, we measured activation changes in the motor cortex during three types of unimanual movements: repetitions of a sequence of movements with multiple fingers, repetitive “chords” composed of three simultaneous key presses, and simple repetitive tapping movements with a single finger. During sequence and chord movements, strong ipsilateral activation was observed and was especially pronounced in the left hemisphere during left-hand movements. This pattern was evident for both right-handed and, to a lesser degree, left-handed individuals. Ipsilateral activation was less pronounced in the tapping condition. The site of ipsilateral activation was shifted laterally, ventrally, and anteriorly with respect to that observed during contralateral movements and the time course of activation implied a role in the execution rather than planning of the movement. A control experiment revealed that strong ipsilateral activity in left motor cortex is specific to complex movements and does not depend on the number of required muscles. These findings indicate a prominent role of left hemisphere in the execution of complex movements independent of the sequential nature of the task.

scholarly journals Motor Extinction in Distinct Reference Frames: A Double Dissociation

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Heidler-Gary ◽  
Mikolaj Pawlak ◽  
Edward H. Herskovits ◽  
Melissa Newhart ◽  
Cameron Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Objective:Test the hypothesis that right hemisphere stroke can cause extinction of left hand movements or movements of either hand held in left space, when both are used simultaneously, possibly depending on lesion site.Methods:93 non-hemiplegic patients with acute right hemisphere stroke were tested for motor extinction by pressing a counter rapidly for one minute with the right hand, left hand, or both simultaneously with their hands held at their sides, or crossed over midline.Results:We identified two distinct types of motor extinction in separate patients; 20 patients extinguished left hand movements held in left or right space (left canonical body extinction); the most significantly associated voxel cluster of ischemic tissue was in the right temporal white matter. Seven patients extinguished either hand held in left space (left space extinction), and the most significantly associated voxel cluster of ischemic tissue was in right parietal white matter.Conclusions:There was a double dissociation between left canonical body extinction and left space motor extinction. Left canonical body extinction seems to be associated with more dorsal (parietal) ischemia, and left canonical body extinction seems to be associated with more ventral (temporal) ischemia.

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalogram recording from secondary motor areas during imagined movements

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (2b) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Amo ◽  
José R. Criado ◽  
Shirley M. Otis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Data Support ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right And Left Hand ◽  
Motor Areas

This study determined whether the activity of the secondary motor cortex (M2) could be recorded during imagined movements (IM) of the right and left hand using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results during IM were compared with a somatosensory trial during a passive tactile stimulation in one subject. During the somatosensory trial, dipoles were detected in somatosensory (SS) and motor primary (M1) areas, scoring 94.4-98.4% for SS, 1.6-5.6% for M1 and 0% for M2. During the IM trial, dipoles were detected in SS, M1 and M2 areas, scoring 61.1-68.8% for SS, 2.6-9.3% for M1 and 28.6-29.6% for M2. These data support the hypothesis that M2 areas are activated during imagined hand movements. This study aims for the development of a diagnosis test for patients with motor deficits by evaluating the whole somatomotor network with specific interest in M2 areas.

scholarly journals A Case of Nonalcoholic Marchiafava-Bignami Disease with Left-Right Differential Agraphia of Chinese Characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Mimpei Kawamura ◽  
Yasutaka Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Right

We report a 68-year-old right-handed female who was admitted to our hospital complaining chiefly of incontinence and decreased activity. Her brain images showed characteristics of Marchiafava-Bignami disease, such as symmetrical abnormal signals localized in the corpus callosum. The patient had no drinking habits. Her past medical history included total gastric resection to treat gastric cancer. On hospital admission she was markedly underweight. This appeared to be a rare case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease not attributable to heavy drinking and occurring in a state of malnutrition. Evaluation of callosal dissociation symptoms produced findings indicative of such symptoms. She showed a marked difficulty in writing dictated single words and short sentences in Japanese alphabetic characters, especially with her left hand. In contrast, writing dictated words in Chinese characters (also used in written Japanese) was affected in both hands, with different types of dysgraphia seen in the right and left hands. The agraphia in the left hand seen in this patient appears to have occurred as a result of the language faculty of the left hemisphere failing to be transmitted to the right brain, while agraphia in the right hand may have occurred as a result of spatial processing information in the right hemisphere failing to be transmitted to the left hemisphere.

The influence of wrist tapping based on the author’s methodology on the dynamics of intrahemispheric integration and ‘internal’ rhythm in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
E. A. Narodova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
V. V. Narodova ◽  
E. E. Erakhtin ◽  
V. E. Karnaukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Right

The goal The goal is to study the lateralization of changes in intrahemispheric coherence in accordance with the basic rhythms of electroen- cephalography in healthy young people under the influence of tapping on the wrist in accordance with the author’s technique.Materials and methods: The conduct of this study was approved by the ethics com- mittee of KrasGMU. prof. V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (protocol No. 77/2017 of 06/26/2017). The study of the infl  of wrist tapping according to the author’s technique on the coefficient of intrahemispheric coherence of the cerebral cortex in healthy volunteers (n2=63). Wrist tapping was carried out using the original technique (RF patent No. 2606489 of 01/10/2017). The analysis of intrahemispheric coherence in the pairs F3–T5, T5–O1, F3–O1, F4–T6, T6–O2, F4–O2 was carried out using a com- puter encephalographic complex (Neurocartograph, MBN Moscow).Results and discussions: According to the studies, it was shown that under the influence of tapping the hand according to the author’s technique, the state of sensory deprivation (closed eyes), statistically signifi changes in hemisphere coherence in theta and beta rhythms were not found, p>0.05, however, we showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) de- crease in hemisphere alpha-rhythm coherence in the right hemisphere in pairs F4–T4 (p=0.0000793) and F4–O2 (p=0.01711824), while the median coherence coeffi  before and after tapping changed from 0.27 to 0.315 and from 0.13 to 0.175, respectively. At that time, we did not find statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemisphere in similar pairs of the left hemisphere p>0.05. As a result of this study, when the wrist tapping was opened with the eyes of the subjects open, statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemispheric alpha rhythm were detected only in the F3–O1 pair of the left hemisphere (p = 0.0000147), but not in the right hemisphere. At the same time, when the eyes of the volunteers were closed, there were no statistically significant changes in the coherence of the hemisphere in the theta and beta rhythms in both the left and right hemispheres.Conclusion. Thus, the use of tapping the wrist according to the author’s technique with the left hand in right-handed people in a state of sensory deprivation is promising for practical use in neurological practice, in particular in the management of patients with epilepsy and panic attacks, since a patient previously trained by the attending physician — neurorehabilitation, can use this the author’s program on his smartphone, in the case of an epileptic aura of focal epileptic seizures or precursors of panic attacks. However, the clinical application of the author’s technique needs detailed research.

scholarly journals Right Hemisphere Remapping of Naming Functions Depends on Lesion Size and Location in Poststroke Aphasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Skipper-Kallal ◽  
Elizabeth H. Lacey ◽  
Shihui Xing ◽  
Peter E. Turkeltaub
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Language Function ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke ◽  
Aphasia Recovery

The study of language network plasticity following left hemisphere stroke is foundational to the understanding of aphasia recovery and neural plasticity in general. Damage in different language nodes may influence whether local plasticity is possible and whether right hemisphere recruitment is beneficial. However, the relationships of both lesion size and location to patterns of remapping are poorly understood. In the context of a picture naming fMRI task, we tested whether lesion size and location relate to activity in surviving left hemisphere language nodes, as well as homotopic activity in the right hemisphere during covert name retrieval and overt name production. We found that lesion size was positively associated with greater right hemisphere activity during both phases of naming, a pattern that has frequently been suggested but has not previously been clearly demonstrated. During overt naming, lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus led to deactivation of contralateral frontal areas, while lesions in motor cortex led to increased right motor cortex activity. Furthermore, increased right motor activity related to better naming performance only when left motor cortex was lesioned, suggesting compensatory takeover of speech or language function by the homotopic node. These findings demonstrate that reorganization of language function, and the degree to which reorganization facilitates aphasia recovery, is dependent on the size and site of the lesion.

Involvement of the Primary Motor Cortex in Controlling Movements Executed with the Ipsilateral Hand Differs between Left- and Right-handers

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3456-3469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke E. van den Berg ◽  
Stephan P. Swinnen ◽  
Nicole Wenderoth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Virtual Lesion ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Unimanual motor tasks, specifically movements that are complex or require high forces, activate not only the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) but evoke also ipsilateral M1 activity. This involvement of ipsilateral M1 is asymmetric, such that the left M1 is more involved in motor control with the left hand than the right M1 in movements with the right hand. This suggests that the left hemisphere is specialized for movement control of either hand, although previous experiments tested mostly right-handed participants. In contrast, research on hemispheric asymmetries of ipsilateral M1 involvement in left-handed participants is relatively scarce. In the present study, left- and right-handed participants performed complex unimanual movements, whereas TMS was used to disrupt the activity of ipsilateral M1 in accordance with a “virtual lesion” approach. For right-handed participants, more disruptions were induced when TMS was applied over the dominant (left) M1. For left-handed participants, two subgroups could be distinguished, such that one group showed more disruptions when TMS was applied over the nondominant (left) M1, whereas the other subgroup showed more disruptions when the dominant (right) M1 was stimulated. This indicates that functional asymmetries of M1 involvement during ipsilateral movements are influenced by both hand dominance as well as left hemisphere specialization. We propose that the functional asymmetries in ipsilateral M1 involvement during unimanual movements are primarily attributable to asymmetries in the higher-order areas, although the contribution of transcallosal pathways and ipsilateral projections cannot be completely ruled out.

A Dissociation between the Representation of Tool-use Skills and Hand Dominance: Insights from Left- and Right-handed Callosotomy Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Frey ◽  
Margaret G. Funnell ◽  
Valerie E. Gerry ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The overwhelming majority of evidence indicates that the left cerebral hemisphere of right-handed humans is dominant both for manual control and the representation of acquired skills, including tool use. It is, however, unclear whether these functions involve common or dissociable mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the disconnected left hemispheres of both right- and left-handed split-brain patients are specialized for representing acquired tool-use skills. When required to pantomime actions associated with familiar tools (Experiment 2), both patients show a right-hand (left hemisphere) advantage in response to tool names, pictures, and actual objects. Accuracy decreases as stimuli become increasingly symbolic when using the left hand (right hemisphere). Tested in isolation with lateralized pictures (Experiment 3), each patient's left hemisphere demonstrates a significant advantage over the right hemisphere for pantomiming tool-use actions with the contralateral hand. The fact that this asymmetry occurs even in a left-handed patient suggests that the left hemisphere specialization for representing praxis skills can be dissociated from mechanisms involved in hand dominance located in the right hemisphere. This effect is not attributable to differences at the conceptual level, as the left and right hemispheres are equally and highly competent at associating tools with observed pantomimes (Experiment 4).

CNTM-05. Left hemisphere gliomas induce a plastic bi-hemispheric language network further characterized by lobe specific glioma data

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi225-vi225
Author(s):  
Matthew Ramsey ◽  
Shashwat Tripathi ◽  
Mohit Saxena ◽  
Matthew Tate
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Network

Abstract Primary brain tumors are among the most burdensome diagnoses patients can receive as they often carry with them externally obvious and significant detriments to motor and speech. The stroke model is severely limited by the inherent nature of the insult to the brain: binary, relatively instantaneous and defined by vascular boundaries. We instead have chosen to study glioma-induced neuroplasticity in patients with gliomas as presentation is over a significantly longer time course with a gradient of insult to language activation areas instead of immediate ablation. Chart review was conducted on 545 patients who completed fMRI imaging from 2013–2019 while completing 1+ of the following language tasks: antonyms, reading comprehension, rhyming, word generation and picture naming. A total of 117 patients’ fMRI scans were included in the final analysis which entailed both a cluster-based analysis in FSL and a 34 gyral, mask-based analysis using FEATquery. Right hemisphere gliomas (RHG) were first established as a reliable control group by averaging anatomically significant voxels across all five language tasks (LT) yielding a core conserved network. Left hemisphere gliomas (LHG) were then directly compared to the RHG language tasks. We found LHG induced global reorganization of the conserved language network with little evidence for direct homologous recruitment of functional structures. Instead, a generalized right hemisphere recruitment is observed with 87% of non-zero masks shifting their laterality index to the right hemisphere. Furthermore, in each of the five LT, the LHG activates fewer total suprathreshold voxels in both the mask and cluster based analyses while having a higher peak intensity within the activated clusters. A preliminary analysis of frontal LHG compared to temporal LHG reveals increased contralateral recruitment in the frontal subgroup with more direct homologous recruitment. This nuanced understanding of existing mechanisms for neuroplasticity can aid in our future intentional manipulation for therapeutic benefit.

scholarly journals Persistent Hemispheric Differences in the Perceptual Selection of Spatial Frequencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Piazza ◽  
Michael A. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
High Spatial Frequency ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Perceptual Selection

Previous research has shown that the right hemisphere processes low spatial frequencies more efficiently than the left hemisphere, which preferentially processes high spatial frequencies. These studies have typically measured RTs to single, briefly flashed gratings and/or have directed observers to attend to a particular spatial frequency immediately before making a judgment about a subsequently presented stimulus. Thus, it is unclear whether the hemispheres differ in perceptual selection from multiple spatial frequencies that are simultaneously present in the environment, without bias from selective attention. Moreover, the time course of hemispheric asymmetry in spatial frequency processing is unknown. We addressed both of these questions with binocular rivalry, a measure of perceptual selection from competing alternatives over time. Participants viewed a pair of rivalrous orthogonal gratings with different spatial frequencies, presented either to the left or right of central fixation, and continuously reported which grating they perceived. At the beginning of a trial, the low spatial frequency grating was perceptually selected more often when presented in the left hemifield (right hemisphere) than in the right hemifield (left hemisphere), whereas the high spatial frequency grating showed the opposite pattern of results. This hemispheric asymmetry in perceptual selection persisted for the entire 30-sec stimulus presentation, continuing long after stimulus onset. These results indicate stable differences in the resolution of ambiguity across spatial locations and demonstrate the importance of considering sustained differences in perceptual selection across space when characterizing conscious representations of complex scenes.

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

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