In vitro Comparison of Disk Diffusion and Agar Dilution Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Methods for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Background: In every year millions of people were affected by the Urinary Tract Infection. It was creating a serious health issue. Aim: The present study was to analysis of the uropathogenic bacteria in patients were attended RMMC Hospital and their antibiotic resistance pattern, in vitro detection of haemolysis virulent factor of uropathogenic. Material and Methods: All urine samples were tested by the standard microbiological procedure. Kirby-Bauer method used for the Antibiotic Susceptibility Test according to the CLSI guidelines. Commercially available antibiotics were used. Blood Agar used for the detection of haemolysis. Results: A total of 261 urine samples were included in this study. We isolated a total of 103 positive cultures. 12% of Gram-positive, 83% of Gram-negative bacteria and 3% of Candida fungi. Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacteria (54%) followed by Klebsiella sp (15%), Staphylococcus aureus (12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Proteus (1%) and fungi Candida (3%). Mostly female patients’ sample were analysed and the inpatient higher majority than the outpatients. Conclusion: Escherichia coli are the common bacteria to cause of UTI. Nowadays most of the uropathogens are to resistance to the overall antibiotics. This kind of reactions creating the life-threatening of humans. Keywords: Antibiotic, Antibiotic Susceptibility Test, Uropathogens, Resistance, Haemolysis

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Evaluation of in vitro spectra of activity of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin tested against strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by reference agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Etest methods.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.34.2.479-481.1996 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 479-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P C Mehaffey ◽

S D Putnam ◽

M S Barrett ◽

R N Jones

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Agar Dilution

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Comparison of Eight Methods To Detect Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococci

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.2.592-594.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 592-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hubert P. Endtz ◽

Nicole Van Den Braak ◽

Alex Van Belkum ◽

Wil H. Goessens ◽

Deborah Kreft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Methods ◽

Vancomycin Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Vancomycin Resistant

A collection of genetically unrelated vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) including 50 vanA, 15 vanB, 50 vanC1, and 30 vanC2 VRE were used to evaluate the accuracy of eight currently available susceptibility test methods (agar dilution, disk diffusion, E-test, agar screen plate, Vitek GPS-TA and GPS-101, and MicroScan overnight and rapid panels).vanA VRE were detected by all methods. vanB VRE were often not detected by Vitek GPS-TA and MicroScan rapid (sensitivities, 47 and 53%, respectively), though the new Vitek GPS-101 was found to be a significant improvement. E-test and the agar screen were the only two methods detecting all VRE, including thevanC1/C2 VRE.

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Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Bacteria from In Vitro Cultures of Pinellia ternata and Tea Plant

Journal of Plant Biotechnology ◽

10.5010/jpb.2003.30.2.189 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 189-194

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Tea Plant ◽

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Pinellia Ternata ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

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Testing of In Vitro Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Azithromycin: Comparison of Disk Diffusion and Reference Agar Dilution Methods

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01398-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Gianecini ◽

Lucia Irazu ◽

Marcelo Rodríguez ◽

Paula Cristaldo ◽

Claudia Oviedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Good Separation ◽

First Line ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

High Agreement ◽

Content Type ◽

Agar Dilution

ABSTRACT Azithromycin in combination with ceftriaxone is recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea in many countries. Therefore, monitoring of azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates is essential. In 2019, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) listed the MIC breakpoint for a susceptible-only category to azithromycin, but breakpoints for disk diffusion are not yet available. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of disk diffusion for testing the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to azithromycin. A total of 189 clinical isolates susceptible and nonsusceptible to azithromycin were used. Agar dilution MICs were correlated with inhibition zone diameters of azithromycin disks (15-μg) manufactured by BBL and Oxoid. In addition, an interlaboratory study involving two clinical microbiology laboratories was conducted. There was a strong correlation between disk diffusion and agar dilution for BBL disks (r = −0.74; P < 0.001) and Oxoid disks (r = −0.75; P < 0.001). Using a zone diameter breakpoint of ≥27 mm (susceptible) and ≤26 mm (nonsusceptible) yielded good separation between susceptible and nonsusceptible isolates and the least number of discrepancies. Compared to agar dilution, disk diffusion showed high agreement and kappa values of 95.2% and 0.899 (P < 0.001) for BBL disks and 96.8% and 0.933 (P < 0.001) for Oxoid disks, respectively. Major and very major discrepancies were observed in isolates with azithromycin MICs (1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively) near to the breakpoint. These data illustrate that disk diffusion could be a reliable method in clinical laboratories to test susceptibility to azithromycin in N. gonorrhoeae isolates.

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