scholarly journals Efficiency of phylloplane bacteria in controlling aerial tomato diseases under field conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira ◽  
Reginaldo S. Romeiro ◽  
Ann Mounteer ◽  
Eduardo S.G. Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Diseases

The capacity of two bacteria isolated from the tomato phylloplane to control late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was investigated in the field, and compared against the effectiveness of spraying with the fungicide chlorothalonil (1.5 g a.i. L-1) or water (control). A 55% reduction in late blight intensity was observed in the leaves of the middle of the plant and 62% in those of the upper leaves when using the antagonist UFV-STB 6 (Novosphingobium capsulatum) as compared to the control. Isolate UFV-IEA 6 (Bacillus cereus) was able to reduce disease intensity by 55%, but only in the upper leaves of the tomato plants. Treatment with isolate UFV-STB 6 also led to a significant reduction in the percentage of fruits with late blight symptoms. The results demonstrate the potential of these two bacteria in controlling this disease.

scholarly journals Development of LAMP-HRM for sensitive and specific detection of Phytophthora infestans

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Marzena Nowakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Wrzesińska ◽  
Elżbieta Kozik
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Realtime Pcr ◽  
Specific Pathogen

We developed the LAMP-HRM assay for detection of P. infestans in a RealTime PCR machine. Specific pathogen detection was achieved in the 18th minute of the reaction, which, in comparison with other diagnostic methods, shortens the analysis time. For instance, first late blight symptoms after inoculation of tomato plants with P. infestans are manifested only 4-5 dpi. We applied the downstream HRM analyses to estimate the variablility of 96 pathogen isolates, collected from symptomatic tomatoes all over Poland, in the years 2009-2012.

scholarly journals Foliar Fungicides as Protective Seed Piece Treatments for Management of Late Blight of Potatoes

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Powelson ◽  
Debra A. Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Seed Piece ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Airborne Inoculum ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
White Rose ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Fungicides receiving Section 18 emergency exemptions for management of the foliar phase of late blight of potato were evaluated as protective treatments for control of tuberborne inoculum of Phytophthora infestans in greenhouse and field studies. Three Section 18 products, Acrobat MZ (dimethomorph + mancozeb), Curzate M-8 (cymoxanil + mancozeb), and Tattoo C (propamocarb hydrochloride + chlorothalonil), when applied to the seed piece prior to inoculation with P. infestans, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased sprout emergence, compared with the inoculated water control. Of the three Section 18 products, Curzate M-8 was frequently the most effective. The increase in plant emergence with the protective seed piece treatment was seen with cultivars that differ in susceptibility to late blight, two genotypes (US-8 and US-11) of P. infestans, zoospore and sporangial inocula, and at different inoculation sites on the seed piece. In greenhouse studies, percent emergence with the protective seed piece treatments averaged 74% for cv. White Rose and 44% for cv. Shepody, compared with 9 and 8% for the inoculated water control of the respective cultivars. In field studies, when inoculum was placed either adjacent to or 4 cm away from the sprout, plant emergence of the inoculated water control was 12 and 36%, respectively. Application of the fungicides to the seed piece prior to inoculation increased emergence by an average of 700 and 212% for the respective inoculation sites. There was no evidence for translocation of the fungicides to the emerging foliage in concentrations high enough to prevent foliar infection from airborne inoculum of P. infestans. Control of tuberborne inoculum of P. infestans with appropriate seed piece treatments will result in an increase in plant emergence and improved crop uniformity.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo effect of poplar bud (Populi gemma) Extracts on late blight (Phytophthora infestans)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
János Bálint ◽  
Botond Turóczi ◽  
István Máthé ◽  
Klára Benedek ◽  
Károly-Attila Szabó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Black Poplar

Abstract The effect of populin extract from black poplar (Populus nigra) on late blight was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The growth rate of hyphae was found to be significantly lower after 1v/v% populin application, and no hyphae growth was detected under 3 and 6v/v% populin application. Populin also reduced the light blight severity on potato leaves under field conditions. From our results, we have concluded that populin extract can be considered as a new and environmentally-friendly alternative for the control of late blight under field conditions.

Enhanced defense responses of tomato plants against late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans by pre-inoculation with rhizobacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1406-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun An ◽  
Seogchan Kang ◽  
Ki-Deok Kim ◽  
Byung KooK Hwang ◽  
Yongchull Jeun
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Late Blight Pathogen

scholarly journals Methods of evaluating tomato susceptibility to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) under field conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Horodecka
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Artificial Infection

The purpose of the investigations carried out in 1983-1985 was to assess the usefulness of natural and artificial infections under field conditions for evaluating tomato resistance to late blight in Poland. It was found, that the degree of natural infection by this fungus was a better indicator of tomato resistance than the degree of artificial infection obtained under field conditions.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Potato Resistance Against Phytophthora Infestans under Natural Infection Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Jarosław Plich ◽  
Beata Tatarowska
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Potato Resistance

Abstract Although development of potato cultivars resistant to late blight has long been one of the primary goals of potato breeding programs, several different methods of field resistance evaluation have been used by potato breeders. Recently, within the EucaBlight network (www.euroblight.net), common methods of late blight evaluation have been agreed on, and these methods are currently highly recommended for use by all those interested in evaluating the resistance of the potato to late blight. Here, we describe a method of evaluating potato resistance in field conditions routinely used at Młochów Research Center, which is compliant with recommendations of the EucaBlight protocol.

scholarly journals Formation of Phytophthora infestans Oospores in Nature on Tubers in Central Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Fernández-Pavía ◽  
N. J. Grünwald ◽  
W. E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Pink Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽  
Oospore Formation ◽  
Toluca Valley

Oospore formation by Phytophthora infestans in nature has been detected on potato leaflets in central Mexico (1), but there are no reports of oospore formation on tubers. A severe late blight epidemic occurred in Calimaya, Mexico, in fields where potato cv. Alpha was planted during the summer of 2000. Yield was reduced despite numerous applications of fungicide. Four hundred potato tubers left in the field were collected from the upper 10 cm of soil and examined for late blight symptoms. Tubers with soft and dry rot symptoms were observed, but symptoms of pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) were not found. Four percent of the tubers showed late blight symptoms. Sections of 10 tubers with late blight symptoms were air-dried for 2 weeks in the laboratory and homogenized with a mortar and pestle. Glycerol was added to the homogenized tissue and observed microscopically. Aplerotic oospores (10 to 15 oospores per tuber) with amphyginous antheridia typical of P. infestans were observed. P. mirabilis morphologically similar to P. infestans is present in the area but it does not infect potato tubers. The number of oospores observed in our tuber sample was much lower than the number reported on leaflets (>1,000 oospores per leaflet) in the Toluca Valley. Low numbers of oospores have been reported on tubers artificially inoculated with P. infestans under field conditions (2). Infected tubers left in the field may act as a source of primary inoculum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of oospores of P. infestans found on tubers in Mexico under natural field conditions. References: (1) M. E. Gallegly and J. Galindo. Phytopathology 48:274, 1958. (2) A. Levin et al. Phytopathology 91:579, 2001.

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