scholarly journals Influence of ultrasound on sorbitol release by Zymomonas mobilis grown on high sucrose concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio de Barros ◽  
Maria Antonia P. Colabone Celligoi ◽  
Josiane Alessandra Vignoli ◽  
Lucia Helena Mendonça Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
High Sucrose

This work investigated the effect of applying low intensity ultrasound on sorbitol release by Z.mobilis cultures grown on 200 g/L sucrose medium up to 48 h. The best sorbitol production was 36.09 g/L in 36 h culture. Ultrasound irradiation did not alter the sorbitol values detected after disrupting the cells with 20 minutes treatment.

AVALIAÇÃO TEMPO-INTENSIDADE DE DOÇURA E AMARGOR DE ASPARTAME E CICLAMATO/SACARINA EM EQUIVALÊNCIA À SACAROSE EM ALTAS CONCENTRAÇÕES

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENA MARIA ANDRÉ BOLINI CARDELLO ◽  
MARIA APARECIDA AZEVEDO PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARIA HELENA DAMÁSIO
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Temporal Behavior ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration ◽  
High Sucrose

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar sensorialmente o aspartame e a mistura ciclamato/ sacarina 2:1, mediante análise tempo-intensidade capaz de avaliar as características temporais destes compostos. Os edulcorantes foram analisados nos níveis de doçura equivalentes à sacarose em solução a 20 e 30%. Constatou-se que o aspartame e a mistura ciclamato/sacarina 2:1 modificam seu comportamento temporal com aumento na concentração. TIME-INTENSITY EVALUATION OF SWEETNESS AND BITTERNESS OF ASPARTAME AND CYCLAMATE/SACCHARIN IN EQUIVALENT HIGH SUCROSE CONCENTRATION Abstract The objective of the present study was to sensory characterize aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin 2:1 blend by using time-intensity analysis, capable of evaluating the temporal attributes of these compounds. The sweeteners were evaluated at the equi-sweet level of sucrose in solution at 20 and 30%. It was noticed that the aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin 2:1 blend modifies their temporal behavior with concentration increase.

scholarly journals Distributed leadership and adaptive decision-making in the ant Tetramorium caespitum

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Collignon ◽  
C. Detrain
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Tetramorium Caespitum ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Mass Recruitment ◽  
Adaptive Decision Making ◽  
High Sucrose

In the ant species Tetramorium caespitum , communication and foraging patterns rely on group-mass recruitment. Scouts having discovered food recruit nestmates and behave as leaders by guiding groups of recruits to the food location. After a while, a mass recruitment takes place in which foragers follow a chemical trail. Since group recruitment is crucial to the whole foraging process, we investigated whether food characteristics induce a tuning of recruiting stimuli by leaders that act upon the dynamics and size of recruited groups. High sucrose concentration triggers the exit of a higher number of groups that contain twice as many ants and reach the food source twice as fast than towards a weakly concentrated one. Similar trends were found depending on food accessibility: for a cut mealworm, accessibility to haemolymph results in a faster formation of larger groups than for an entire mealworm. These data provide the background for developing a stochastic model accounting for exploitation patterns by group-mass recruiting species. This model demonstrates how the modulations performed by leaders drive the colony to select the most profitable food source among several ones. Our results highlight how a minority of individuals can influence collective decisions in societies based on a distributed leadership.

RELEASE OF ENZYMES FROM RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA BY FREEZING

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Lusena
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
High Sucrose Concentration ◽  
High Sucrose

Glutamate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities were used to estimate freezing damage to mitochondria.Freezing damage occurred in mitochondria by two steps: one was rapid and involved changes in membrane structure to expose 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase with concomitant release of glutamate dehydrogenase; the other was a slow extraction of glutamate dehydrogenase. The effect of freezing and thawing was very similar to the effect of exposure to high sucrose concentration and redilution. The data indicate that freezing temperature not only determined the sucrose concentration but also regulated the diffusion of sucrose. A combination of effects, of sucrose concentration and of diffusion, resulted in maximum damage at about −15 °C, while below −40 °C no damage was detectable.

scholarly journals A Synergistic Bactericidal Effect of Low-Frequency and Low-Intensity Ultrasound Combined with Levofloxacin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles on M. Smegmatis in Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Gangjing Li ◽  
Yuru Hou ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Fahui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which often parasites in macrophages. This study is performed to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LEV-NPs) on M. smegmatis (a surrogate of Mtb) in macrophages.Methods and results: The LEV-NPs were prepared using a double emulsification method. The average diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, and drug release efficiency in vitro of the LEV-NPs were investigated. M. smegmatis in macrophages was treated using the LEV-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.13 W/cm2 for 10 min. The results showed that ultrasound significantly promoted the phagocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages (p < 0.05). In addition, further ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage , and the apoptosis rate of the macrophages was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). The transmission electronic microscope showed that the cell wall of M. smegmatis was ruptured, the cell structure was incomplete, and the bacteria received severe damage in the ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs group. Activity assays showed that ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs exhibited a 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis residing inside macrophages compared with the free drug.Conclusion: These data demonstrated that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs has great potential as a therapeutic agent for TB.

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