scholarly journals Distribution of frogs in riparian areas of an urban forest fragment in Central Amazonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Minoru Tsuji-Nishikido ◽  
Marcelo Menin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Stream Size

This study aimed to evaluate how environmental variables (width of valley, stream size, forest edge distance, and leaf-litter depth) affect the abundance and richness of species of frog species in riparian areas of an urban forest fragment in Central Amazonia. The study was conducted at the campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, between May 2008 and April 2009, when three nocturnal and diurnal samples were taken from ten plots. A total of 17 species belonging to seven families were registered. The number of species recorded per plot varied from seven to 14. We detected a relationship between the edge distance and richness: the plots with lower richness were located near the fragment border. The variables had no significant effect on abundance of each species.

scholarly journals Food niche overlap between two sympatric leaf-litter frog species from Central Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Talione Sabagh ◽  
Renata da Silva Mello ◽  
Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Food Niche

Are leaf-litter anurans with aquatic reproduction affected by distance to forest edge and presence of predators?

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Simões Correa ◽  
Lenise Chagas Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Aquatic Predators ◽  
Predator Abundance

Both habitat fragmentation and predator abundance are known to affect habitat use. The current study analyzed the use of ponds by leaf-litter anurans in relation to distance to the forest edge and presence of aquatic predators in a forest fragment in Eastern Amazon. We selected three trails perpendicular to the forest edge, and in each trail we positioned nine plastic basins on the forest floor at different distances from the forest edge. From November 2011 to July 2012, each basin was surveyed monthly for presence of evidence of anuran breeding activity and aquatic predators. We recorded 112 instances of use of basins by four anuran species. While we did not observe any influence of distance to the forest edge on use of basins by Rhinella gr. margaritifera and Ameerega trivittata, there was differential use of basins by both species in relation to the presence of aquatic predators. In both cases, species used basins more often when aquatic predators were absent, suggesting that these species adopt strategies that reduce effects of predation and ensures the survival of some tadpoles, either by carrying tadpoles to ponds without predators or producing larger clutches.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental parameters on squamate reptiles in an urban forest fragment in central Amazonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Thais ALMEIDA-CORRÊA ◽  
Luciana FRAZÃO ◽  
Diogo Magalhães COSTA ◽  
Marcelo MENIN ◽  
Igor Luis KAEFER
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

ABSTRACT The increasing urbanization of the Amazonian biome has promoted the creation of several forest fragments surrounded by an urban matrix, but the relationship of animal assemblages to the urban environment, especially in forest fragments, is poorly known. Here we aimed to 1) determine the composition of the squamate fauna of the largest urban forest fragment from central Amazonia, in the Brazilian city of Manaus, and 2) evaluate the influence of environmental parameters on assemblage diversity. We sampled 10 standardized riparian plots through visual search in six surveys between 2008/09 and 2015, totaling 360 observer-hours. We found 15 species of lacertoids (lizards and amphisbaenians) and seven species of snakes through active search. After considering occasional encounters and search in museum collections, we recorded a total of 24 lacertoid and 22 snake species. Multiple regression models indicated that species richness and abundance of individuals increased with the distance from the edge of the fragment, while other structural parameters of the environment did not affect the assemblage. We conclude that this forest fragment 1) consists of a subset of the regional species pool, and 2) undergoes reduction of species richness and abundance of individuals from the center to the borders. This and additional urban forest fragments should be continually monitored in order to evaluate their long-term role in maintaining the tropical biodiversity.

scholarly journals Habitat use by a tree frog species of Scinax (Amphibia, Hylidae) at an urban forest fragment from south-eastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
Conrado A. B. Galdino ◽  
Ronald R. Carvalho Jr. ◽  
Mauren A. V. Noronha e Menezes ◽  
Luciana B. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Spatial Niche ◽  
Belo Horizonte

We studied the pattern of habitat use by the tree frog Scinax aff. perereca. Fieldworks were performed from August 1996 to August 1997 at Parque das Mangabeiras, Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Calling males were observed in September, October and December 1996, February to April and June 1997. Females were found only in October 1996. Specimens were found perched on vegetation, on the ground or on stones near waterfall. At Parque das Mangabeiras, S. aff. perereca occupied nine types of substrata. The most frequently used substrata were shrubs, stones at the stream edges, and fallen trunks. The pattern of spatial occupation varied among months. Males were found calling in aggregations on the vegetation and spatial niche breadth was related to species abundance.

Edge effects on litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations in forest fragments in central Amazonia

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGEL C. SIZER ◽  
EDMUND V. J. TANNER ◽  
ISOLDE D. KOSSMANN FERRAZ
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Central Amazonia

Forest edges bordering on pasture were created by cutting and burning the surrounding Amazonian lowland rain forest in the dry season (June) of 1990. Litterfall was measured for 3.5 y along transects 10, 50, 100 and 250-m into the forest from the forest edge. Litterfall along the 10-m transects increased by up to 2.5 times that on spatial controls (250-m transects) in the dry season in which the edge was created. In the second dry season after edge creation litterfall at 10-m was lower than on controls, after which it returned to control rates in the second wet season, 1.5 y after edge creation. Litterfall 50-m into the forest was less affected; there was a smaller rise in the dry season in which the edge was cut, and no significant effects after that. At 100-m there was no effect of edge creation on litterfall. Phosphorus concentrations in litterfall were elevated along 10-m transects, 10–12 wk after edge creation, possibly because of reduced retranslocation prior to abscission. The changes in litterfall described here are inextricably linked to the biomass collapse, which occurs near forest-fragment edges in the same area.

scholarly journals Territory size of three Antbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) in an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Duca ◽  
Tadeu J. Guerra ◽  
Miguel Â. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Dirt Road ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Pyriglena Leucoptera ◽  
Polygon Method

Territory size is an important ecological attribute of populations that has been considered a factor determines population density. Antbirds is a large group of mainly insectivorous Neotropical passerines, usually well represented in bird communities from forested landscapes in Neotropical region. Territory sizes for three Antbirds, Thamnophilus caerulescens (Vieillot, 1816) (Variable Antshrike), Dysithamnus mentalis (Temmink, 1823) (Plain Antvireo) e Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) (White-shouldered Fire-eye), were mapped and their area estimated by the convex polygon method in a 50 ha forest fragment, in southeastern Brazil. The three species presented small territories of similar sizes (< 2 ha) both during the non-reproductive and the reproductive seasons of 2000-2001. Territories overlapped considerably among species but not intraspecifically. Territory sizes increased with body mass of the three species studied (P. leucoptera > T. caerulescens > D. mentalis). We failed to find any effect on territory size for the three species associated with forest edge or distance to the dirt road.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Edge Effect of an Atlantic Forest Fragment in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Gabriella Araújo Mendes ◽  
Maria Amanda Menezes Silva ◽  
Tassiane Novacosque Feitosa Guerra ◽  
Ana Carolina Borges Lins-e-Silva ◽  
Airton de Deus Cysneiros Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Forest Interior

ABSTRACT The woody plants in an edge area formed approximately 35 years ago in an Atlantic Forest fragment in northeastern Brazil were examined, and three environments defined: edge, intermediate, and interior. Canopy tree densities and basal areas were found to be similar in all three environments, and also similar to previous published studies in the same region; species richness was greatest at the forest edge. The understory showed greater species richness in the forest interior, but greater diversity and equitability in the intermediate environment. Understory environments close to the forest edge demonstrated larger stem diameters than in the forest interior, although at lesser densities and with smaller total basal areas. Our results indicated the existence of distinct patterns in canopy and understory that most likely reflect differences in the response times of these two vegetation layers, with the understory being more sensitive to alterations in environmental structure.

scholarly journals Environmental variables and Piper assemblage composition: a mesoscale study in the Madeira-Purus interfluve, Central Amazonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bernardes ◽  
Flávia Regina Capellotto Costa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Cation Content ◽  
Litter Depth ◽  
Plant Assemblage ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Floristic Variation

This study aimed to determine the effects of canopy openness, litter depth, soil cation content and texture on Piper assemblage composition at a mesoscale. Piper assemblage composition and environmental variables were inventoried in 41 0.125 ha (250 × 5 m) plots placed in a terra firme forest located in the Madeira-Purus interfluve, Central Amazonia. Ordination of the 41 plots by Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) in one dimension captured 58% of the floristic variation and was used as the response variable in multiple regression models. Environmental variables explained 39% of the variation in Piper assemblage composition, which was significantly related to litter depth, soil texture and canopy openness, but not to the cation content. Effects of edaphic components on plant assemblage structure have been reported for different plant groups, however the strong effect of litter depth at a mesoscale had not yet been demonstrated. We suggest that litter depth variation not only influences the structure of Piper assemblages, but also of other plant groups at a mesoscale, as this environmental variable has a direct or indirect effect on species germination and establishment.

scholarly journals Reactivation of nutrient cycling in an urban tropical dry forest after abandonment of agricultural activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Juan D. León-Peláez ◽  
◽  
William Caicedo-Ruiz ◽  
Jeiner Castellanos-Barliza ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Leaf Litterfall ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Standing Litter

Introduction: Standing leaf litter represent an essential source of organic matter and nutrients to dynamize biogeochemical processes at the ecosystem level. Objectives: To characterize the accumulation and decomposition of organic materials and flow of nutrients from standing litter in an urban dry tropical forest in a successional stage, after 10 years of abandonment of agricultural activities, and to determine the potential use of three species in future active restoration activities. Materials and methods: Standing litter samples were collected from a forest fragment in Santa Marta, Colombia, separating leaves, reproductive material, woody material and other residues. Additionally, leaves of three species of interest for ecological restoration (Albizia niopoides Spruce ex Benth., Cordia alba [Jacq.] Roem. & Schult. and Machaerium milleflorum Dugand G. A.) were separated and Ca, Mg, K, N and P concentrations were determined. Results and discussion: Total standing litter was 8.3 Mg∙ha-1 with a mean residence time of two years. The leaves represented 20% of the standing litter, with a mean residence time of 1.4 years. Based on the decomposition constant (kj = 0.73) and the rate of leaf litterfall, organic matter returns accounted for 3.4 Mg∙ha-1∙year-1. Leaf decomposition rate decreased in the following order C. alba > M. milleflorum > A. niopoides. P represented the greatest limitation with low release rates (0.1 to 1.2 kg∙ha-1∙year-1). Conclusions: The passive restoration strategy allowed reactivation of biogeochemical cycle via fine leaf litter. Cordia alba showed potential for inclusion in restoration activities, with lower values for leaf N/P ratio, and higher rates for leaf litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient release.

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