scholarly journals Cladocerans (Crustacea, Anomopoda and Ctenopoda) from Cerrado of Central Brazil: Inventory of phytophilous community in natural wetlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Diogo Rocha Sousa ◽  
Lourdes Maria Abdu Elmoor-Loureiro ◽  
Luciana de Mendonça-Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Natural Wetlands

The aim of this study was to inventory the cladoceran fauna in wetlands located in two large areas that protect fragments of Cerrado. Located in the Brasília National Park-DF and Campo de Instrução de Formosa-GO, these wetlands are formed by upwelling groundwater, with extensive vegetation cover. We found 24 species in the Brasília National Park and 30 in the Campo de Instrução de Formosa. The observed richness reached approximately 80% of the estimated values for both protected areas. Moreover, the community of cladocerans in the kind of environment studied appears to be influenced by depth, with higher values of richness and similarity in wetlands of higher average depths. However, shallow wetlands contributed to the total richness with exclusive species, which shows the importance of these habitats for species richness.

scholarly journals Online appendix 1:Exploring an extensive dataset to establish woody vegetation cover and composition in Kruger National Park for the late 1980s

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Kiker ◽  
Rheinhardt Scholtz ◽  
Izak P.J. Smit ◽  
Freek J. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Woody Vegetation

Woody plant cover and species composition play an important role in defining the type and function of savanna ecosystems. Approximately 2000 sites in the Kruger National Park (KNP) were surveyed by F.J. Venter over a period from 1985 to 1989, recording vegetation, soil and topological characteristics. At each of these sites (approximately 20 m × 20 m each), woody vegetation cover and species were recorded using a rapid, Braun-Blanquet classification for three height classes: shrub (0.75 m – 2.50 m), brush (2.50 m – 5.50 m) and tree (> 5.50 m). The objective of this study was to re-analyse the vegetation component of the field data, with a specific focus to provide a spatially explicit, height-differentiated, benchmark dataset in terms of species occurrence, species richness and structural canopy cover. Overall, 145 different woody species were recorded in the dataset out of the 458 species documented to occur in the park. The dataset describes a woody layer dominated by a relatively small number of widely occurring species, as 24 of the most common woody species accounted for all woody species found on over 80% of all sites. The less common woody species (101) were each recorded on 20 sites or less. Species richness varied from 12 to 1 species per site. Structural canopy cover averaged 9.34%, 8.16% and 2.89% for shrub, brush and tree cover, respectively. The dataset provides a useful benchmark for woody species distribution in KNP and can be used to explore woody species and height class distributions, as well as comparison with more recent or future woody vegetation surveys.Conservation implications: The results provided evidence that large-scale, woody vegetation surveys conducted along roads offer useful ecosystem level information. However, such an approach fails to pick up less common species. The data presented here provided a useful snapshot of KNP woody vegetation structure and composition and could provide excellent opportunities for spatio-temporal comparisons.

scholarly journals Occurrence of bats in protected areas of Nepal: An update on species richness and distribution records

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Sanjan Thapa ◽  
Dibya Raj Dahal ◽  
Rameshwor Ghimire ◽  
Rishi Baral ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Cynopterus Sphinx ◽  
Annapurna Conservation Area ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Bat Diversity ◽  
Occurrence Records

Bat surveys in 20 Protected Areas (PAs) of Nepal are sporadic and/or had targeted purposively a few localities, therefore, bat diversity from the PAs is yet to be explored. Bat species richness in PAs from two reviews until 2011 are inconsistent. In total, seven surveys have been undertaken in six PAs since 2011. Hence, an update and revision on chiropteran account from the PAs of Nepal is warranted. We reviewed available literatures and museum collection records, and further collated and plotted bat occurrence coordinates into the country and mapped them. In total, 44 of 53 bat species in Nepal have been recorded from 12 PAs. Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) reports highest species richness (22) followed by Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park and Buffer Zone (SNNP & BZ) (15), Makalu Barun National Park and Buffer Zone (MBNP & BZ) (14) and Chitwan National Park and Buffer Zone (CNP & BZ) (13). In contrast, survey localities are more in CNP & BZ (12), ACA and SNNP & BZ (equally 11) and MBNP & BZ (10). Species richness increased proportionately with higher survey efforts and including more habitat types in respective PAs. Three species: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. pearsonii and Rh. sinicus are recorded from six out of 12 PAs. Pipistrellus javanicus (12), Hipposideros armiger (10), Cynopterus sphinx (9) and Rh. sinicus (9) are recorded from maximum number of surveyed localities in the PAs. All the PAs have limited occurrence records. Therefore, intensive surveys are recommended for understanding actual chiropteran diversity to the PAs of Nepal.

scholarly journals Plant diversity and flowering displays on old fields in the arid Namaqua National Park, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha W. Van Rooyen ◽  
Ronel Henstock ◽  
Noel Van Rooyen ◽  
Helga Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Old Fields ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

National Park and to investigate whether the time since abandonment has impacted on the diversity and mass flowering displays. Sixty-two old field sample sites were surveyed using the Braun-Blanquet method. Floristic data were analysed to produce a hierarchical classification, while a principal coordinates analysis was used to establish whether the ordination supported the classification. Species richness (total number of taxa), as well as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, was calculated per vegetation unit for the different life forms. Four old field communities were identified, each containing a unique complement of species, which differed in their potential to produce a mass flowering display. On the Skilpad section of the park, Ursinia cakilefolia dominated the spectacular mass floral displays for which the park has become well known. Old fields in other parts of the park did not produce the same spectacular displays. Although total and perennial species richness did not differ significantly with time since abandonment, the richness of annual species, in particular of the showy annual species, decreased with time since abandonment. The relative contribution of the perennial species to vegetation cover increased with time since abandonment, whereas the relative contribution made by showy annual species to vegetation cover declined with time since abandonment. Although species composition and the potential to produce mass flowering displays of the four communities differed, diversity parameters were similar. However, to maintain a flower display for tourists on the Skilpad section, a degree of disturbance is essential. Conservation implication: Although deliberate disturbance is not desirable in a national park, we find that some disturbance is essential to maintain a spectacular flowering display. However, these intentionally disturbed old fields cover only a small proportion of the total area of the park. All other old fields in the park should not be disturbed, and should be allowed to recover naturally.

scholarly journals Exploring an extensive dataset to establish woody vegetation cover and composition in Kruger National Park for the late 1980s

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Kiker ◽  
Rheinhardt Scholtz ◽  
Izak P.J. Smit ◽  
Freek J. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Woody Vegetation

Woody plant cover and species composition play an important role in defining the type and function of savanna ecosystems. Approximately 2000 sites in the Kruger National Park (KNP) were surveyed by F.J. Venter over a period from 1985 to 1989, recording vegetation, soil and topological characteristics. At each of these sites (approximately 20 m × 20 m each), woody vegetation cover and species were recorded using a rapid, Braun-Blanquet classification for three height classes: shrub (0.75 m – 2.50 m), brush (2.50 m – 5.50 m) and tree (> 5.50 m). The objective of this study was to re-analyse the vegetation component of the field data, with a specific focus to provide a spatially explicit, height-differentiated, benchmark dataset in terms of species occurrence, species richness and structural canopy cover. Overall, 145 different woody species were recorded in the dataset out of the 458 species documented to occur in the park. The dataset describes a woody layer dominated by a relatively small number of widely occurring species, as 24 of the most common woody species accounted for all woody species found on over 80% of all sites. The less common woody species (101) were each recorded on 20 sites or less. Species richness varied from 12 to 1 species per site. Structural canopy cover averaged 9.34%, 8.16% and 2.89% for shrub, brush and tree cover, respectively. The dataset provides a useful benchmark for woody species distribution in KNP and can be used to explore woody species and height class distributions, as well as comparison with more recent or future woody vegetation surveys.Conservation implications: The results provided evidence that large-scale, woody vegetation surveys conducted along roads offer useful ecosystem level information. However, such an approach fails to pick up less common species. The data presented here provided a useful snapshot of KNP woody vegetation structure and composition and could provide excellent opportunities for spatio-temporal comparisons.

scholarly journals Recovery of subalpine grasslands 15 years after landscape level fires

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brodie Verrall ◽  
Catherine Marina Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Australian Alps ◽  
Subalpine Grasslands ◽  
Distribution Structure ◽  
One Year ◽  
Landscape Level

As conditions warm, previously rare landscape level fires are more likely to affect vegetation in the Australian Alps including in subalpine grasslands. The recovery of this community was assessed using paired unburnt and burnt plots (30 × 20 m) at 10 sites 15 years after largescale fires that burnt >70% of the subalpine zone in Kosciuszko National Park. There were few significant differences found: higher cover of shrubs (17.8% burnt vs 11.3% unburnt plots), and taller vegetation (22.6 vs 19 cm). However, vegetation cover (97%), species richness (38 taxa), composition and limited presence of invasive plants (10 species, 8.5% cover) were not significantly different. This differs from results six weeks and one year post-fire, when there were clear differences in the cover and composition of vegetation. These results indicate that subalpine grasslands recover from single fires, but with warmer and drier conditions becoming more common, and repeat fires in some areas, the distribution, structure and composition of this and other communities in the Australian Alps will change.

Distribution and impact of invasive alien plant species in Bardia National Park, western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Suneeta Bhatta ◽  
Laxmi Raj Joshi ◽  
Bharat Babu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant

SummaryInvasive alien plant species (IAPS) are spreading into protected areas worldwide; however, knowledge of these invasions and their impacts in Nepal’s protected areas is poor. Here, the spatial distribution pattern of IAPS in Bardia National Park (BNP), Nepal, was analysed using roadside surveys and grid sampling. The impacts of the most abundant IAPS, Lantana camara, on plant communities were analysed by comparing 60 pairs of non-invaded and invaded quadrats. Twelve IAPS, including two of the most prolific species globally, L. camara and Chromolaena odorata, were recorded from BNP. The Karnali floodplain in the south-western region of the park, a prime habitat of one-horned rhinoceros, was highly invaded by the IAPS. Tree canopy and distance to road, river and settlement were the major factors affecting IAPS occurrence. Lantana camara modified plant community structure and significantly reduced plant species richness and diversity; species richness of native plants was reduced to less than half in invaded plots. Plant invasions and impacts on native plant diversity have been increasing in BNP. We recommend management interventions involving immediate eradication of C. odorata and other species with single satellite populations and control measures for other widespread species such as L. camara and Ageratum houstonianum.

scholarly journals Wild vertebrate roadkill in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Central Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vívian da Silva Braz ◽  
Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues França
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Rhinella Schneideri ◽  
The Impact

Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park is one of the most important protected areas of the Brazilian Cerrado and is inhabited by diverse species, but the area has seldom been studied. From 2006 to 2008, we studied the impact of roads on wild vertebrates by recording roadkill on the two main roads located in the vicinity of the park. Of 824 killed vertebrates belonging to 138 species that were recorded, the species that were found most often in each vertebrate group were the Schneider's toad (Rhinella schneideri), the grassland sparrow (Ammodramus humeralis), the yellow-toothed cavy (Galea flavidens), and the marbled lancehead (Bothrops marmoratus). The roadkill rate was 0.096 animals km-1. Vertebrate mortality was significantly higher during the wet season. There is a significant relationship between habitat structure and the vertebrates that were found as roadkill: amphibians are associated with nearby forest and paved roads, birds with nearby pastures, reptiles with nearby grassland, and mammals with unpaved roads. Action should be taken such as highway fencing in combination with safe crossing opportunities for wildlife in order to decrease the number of animals killed on the roads.

scholarly journals Annotated checklist of the birds (Aves) of Cerro Hoya National Park, Azuero Peninsula, Panamá

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Miller ◽  
George R. Angehr ◽  
Robert S. Ridgely ◽  
John Klicka ◽  
Oscar G. López. Ch. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Central America ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Azuero Peninsula ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Protected only by the extreme ruggedness of its terrain, the montane regions of Cerro Hoya National Park are among the least biologically known regions of Central America. Here we provide a checklist of 225 bird species recorded from five expeditions to the region over the last 18 years, which represents lower species richness than many comparable areas in Panama and lower Central America. However, we recorded nine IUCN globally threatened species, three species with range extensions over 150 km to the southern Azuero Peninsula, and at least two previously unknown bird taxa. These facts suggest that our list of montane taxa from Cerro Hoya may be incomplete, and that this region represents one of the most important—and neglected—protected areas in Panama.

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