scholarly journals Fluoride level in public water supplies of cities from the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemre Adas Saliba ◽  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz ◽  
Ana Valéria Pagliari Tiano

It may be difficult for small and medium cities to obtain information about the fluoride content of public water, because of the lack of equipments and technicians. This study aimed to analyze the fluoride levels of the water supplied by the public treatment stations of 40 cities situated in the northwest region of São Paulo State, during a period of 6 months, to verify if fluoridation occurs in a continuous manner and if the fluoride levels are within the recommended. Maps of the water distribution system were obtained from the water treatment companies and utilized to randomize the addresses of the collection sites, so that they included all regions with treated water sources. One water sample by month was collected and analyzed in duplicate using an ion-specific-electrode. Samples with 0.6 to 0.8 mgF/L were considered acceptable. In the 38 cities that regularly provided the samples in the 6 months of the study, water from 144 collection sites was collected and a total of 864 samples were analyzed, of which 61.81 percent were classified as unacceptable. It was observed that 33 cities performed fluoridation but in 78.79 percent of these cities there were variations in the fluoride level among the sites and in the same site during the period of study. One can conclude that most of these cities do not control the fluoride levels in the public water, since fluoridation occurs in a discontinuous manner and in most of the situations not within the recommended concentrations.

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Booth

Lignicolous substrates, i.e., wood and leaves, were collected from 10 São Paulo State locations and 2 Pernambuco State sites. These were subsequently surveyed and incubated and (or) washed, macerated, and plated on culture media. Six types of wood and mangrove leaves were placed in exposed and buried digestors, recovered, surveyed, incubated, and resurveyed for marine fungi. Of a total of 69 isolated taxa, 32 species, including 24 ascomycetes, seven fungi imperfecti, and one basidiomycete, are discussed. Included are Ceriosporopsis cambrensis; C. halima; Corollospora lacera; C. maritima; C. pulchella; C. trifurcata; Crinigera maritima; Didymosphaeria enalia; Haligena viscidula; Halosarpheia fibrosa; Halosphaeria appendiculuta; H. cucullata; H. galerita; H. hamata; H. maritima; H. mediosetigea; H. quadricornuta; H. salina; Leptosphaeria cfr. marina, Leptosphaeria sp.; Lignincola laevis; Lulworthia medusa (f. grandispora); Mycosphaerella sp.; Torpedospora radiata; Ceriosporopsis halima anamorphic form; Cirrenalia tropicalis; Clavariopsis bulbosa; Periconia prolifica; Scolecobasidium? arenarium; Septoria sp.; Trichocladium achrasporum; and Nia vibrissa. Morphological features, collection sites, substrates, slides, cultures, taxonomic deposition, and ecological considerations are presented for each species. A possible Scolecobasidium–Septoria–Mycosphaerella anamorphic–teleomorphic association is suggested.


2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia Helena Queiroz da Silva ◽  
César Eduardo Bissoto ◽  
Ádna Cleia B. Delbem ◽  
Clara Isabel de Lucca Ferrari ◽  
Sílvia Helena Venturoli Perri ◽  
...  

Epidemiological characteristics of canine rabies in the northwest region of São Paulo State (Araçatuba region), Brazil, from 1993 to 1997 are presented. Out of 1,984 dogs, a total of 351 (17.7%) were positive for rabies diagnosis; 89% (312/351) of these occurred in urban areas and 85% (266/312) of the urban positive cases were among owned dogs. The mean age of the rabid dogs was 34 months and 61% were male. Aggressive behavior was observed in 77% of rabid dogs, followed by lack of coordination and paralysis (42%) and 48% of these dogs were responsible biting people or other animals. Information about vaccination status was obtained from 182 records and 51% of rabid dogs were non-vaccinated. The number of unvaccinated rabid dogs indicates a low vaccination index and this factor added to the high dog/man ratio must have contributed to the canine rabies epizootic observed in the studied area.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 6599-6612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tavares ◽  
Reginaldo Bertolo ◽  
Bruna Fiúme ◽  
Alessandra Crespi ◽  
Veridiana Martins ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e127101320863
Author(s):  
Matheus Balsalobre Simieli ◽  
Raíssa Pereira Dinalli Gazola ◽  
Maximiliano Kawahata Pagliarini ◽  
Pablo Forlan Vargas ◽  
Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and growth of hop cultivars under high temperature conditions. The work was developed at the Farm of Teaching, Research and Extension the School of Engineering of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Ilha Solteira in two harvests. The design used was randomized blocks with six treatments (cultivars – Cascade, Millenium, Chinook, Centennial, Magnum and Nugget), and six replications. Plant height, leaf chlorophyll index, number of flowers and flower mass in two crops were evaluated. In the first harvest, the Nugget variety had the greatest growth. The Cascade, Millenium and Chinook varieties did not produce flowers. From those that produced, the cultivar Magnum obtained 132.90 kg ha-1 of flowers. In the second harvest the Cascade and Chinook varieties did not produce flowers. Cultivars Cascade, Millenium, Centennial and Nugget showed the highest growth in height. The Magnum variety produced the greatest amount of flowers (467.33 kg ha-1), followed by the Millenium (290.56 kg ha-1) and Centennial (226.60 kg ha-1) variety. Thus, for the brewing, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry, the cultivation of the Magnum variety is recommended in the northwest region of São Paulo state, as it produces a greater quantity of flowers. If the purpose is ornamental, the cultivation of the Cascade, Nugget, Centennial and Millenium varieties may be recommended as they show the greatest height development.


2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fabrício Ribeiro dos Santos Godoi

O objetivo desse artigo é verificar como ocorreu a recente expansão das universidades públicas paulistas(USP, UNESP e UNICAMP), mais especificamente, a relação entre a ampliação física, em relação ao projetode universidade preferido pelo Governo do Estado e gradualmente implantado pelas gestões reitorais, que suscitouuma suposta crise. Será utilizado o caso da Universidade de São Paulo, no período compreendido entre a promulgaçãoda Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (1996) e a data atual. Para orientar a análise, é utilizada a propostade Boaventura de Souza Santos, que identifica a crise global da Universidade em três aspectos principais: umacrise institucional, uma de legitimidade e uma de contradição. Considera-se, ao final, que as universidades públicaspaulistas vivem essas crises e sua expansão, de caráter exclusivamente utilitarista, é parte dessas crises.Palavras-chave: Educação Superior Pública. Crise da Universidade. Expansão da Universidade. Universidadede São Paulo. Universidade Neoliberal. THE PROBLEM OF RECENT EXPASION OF THE PUBLIC UNIVERSITY OF SÃOPAULO STATEAbstract: The purpose of this article is verify how the recent expansion of the São Paulo state universities (USP,UNESP and UNICAMP) occurred, specifically the relationship between the physical extension in relation to the projectof university chosen by the State Government and gradually deployed by rectorals managements, that eliciteda supposed crisis. The case of the University of São Paulo will be used, in the period between the enactment of theLaw of Guidelines and Bases of Education (1996) until the current date. To guide the analysis it will be used texts byBoaventura de Souza Santos, which identifies the global crisis of the university in three main aspects: an institutionalcrisis, a legitimacy one and a contradiction one. It is considered, in the end, the São Paulo state universities areliving these crises. Its expansion has a exclusively utilitarian character and can be considered part of these crises.Keywords: Public Higher education. Crisis of the university. Expansion of the university. University of São Paulo.Neoliberal university EL PROBLEMA DE LA RECENTE EXPANSIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD PÚBLICADEL ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOResumen: El propósito de este artículo es comprobar cómo se produjo la reciente expansión de las universidadesdel estado de São Paulo (USP, UNESP y UNICAMP), específicamente la relación entre la extensión físicaen relación con el proyecto de universidad elegido por parte del Gobierno del Estado y gradualmente realizado porgestiones rectorales, lo que suscitó una supuesta crisis. Será utilizado el caso de la Universidad de São Paulo, enel período comprendido entre la promulgación de la Ley de Directrices y Bases de la Educación (1996) y la fechaactual. Para guiar el análisis enbasaremos en dos textos de Boaventura de Souza Santos, que identifica a la crisisglobal de la universidad en tres aspectos principales: una crisis institucional, una de legitimidad y una de contradicción.Se considera que, al final, las universidades del estado de Sao Paulo están sujetas a este tipo de crisis y suexpansión, de carácter exclusivamente utilitario, es igualmente parte de estas crisis.Palabras clave: Educación Superior Pública. Crisis de la Universidad. Expansión de la Universidad. Universidadde São Paulo. Universidad Neoliberal.


Author(s):  
Lilian Castiglioni ◽  
Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires ◽  
Vinícius Matheus Ferrari ◽  
Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
...  

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular parasite named Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect humans and a large number of homeothermic animal species with worldwide distribution. The present study aimed to detect anti T. gondii antibodies from serological samples of free living wild animals from the northwest region of São Paulo state, Brazil. Thirty-two samples (eight from birds and 24 from mammals) were analyzed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using 5 cut-off points for birds and 25 for mammals. Seropositivity was observed in 25% (2/8) of birds, including the species Rupornis magnirostris (roadside hawk) and Caracara plancus (southern caracara), and 29.2% (7/24) animals were seropositive among mammals, including one hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), two maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), one black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), two crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and one gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). The results obtained with the present study indicate the exposure to T. gondii of free-living wild animals from the northwest region of São Paulo state and, therefore, that they probably play a role in the transmission and maintenance of T. gondii in the environment they inhabit. Thus, identification of the infection in several animal species in the region indicates the environmental contamination of the area. Studies of this nature may help to understand the importance of the prevention and control of this disease in Brazil.


Nucleus ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Wander Luis Barbosa Borges ◽  
Jorge Luiz Hipólito ◽  
Isabela Malaquias Dalto de Souza ◽  
Flávio Sueo Tokuda ◽  
Adriano Custódio Gasparino ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Benevenuto de AMORIM ◽  
Veridiana Vera de ROSSO ◽  
Daniel Henrique BANDONI

Objective: To assess the food profile in the public procurement within rural family farming for the acquisition of family farm foods for the National School Feeding Program in the cities of São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A total of 122 public procurement within rural family farming published electronically by 99 cities from January to September of 2013 were analyzed. The foods were classified in the following groups: grains; roots and tubers; legumes; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; processed foods; ingredients; and milk. The cities were grouped into quartiles according to the number of elementary school students. The foods listed in the public procurement within rural family farming were then assessed according to city size. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified the difference between the number of foods in each group and in each quartile (p<0.05). Results: Of all the foods, the most common groups in the public procurement within rural family farming were the vegetable and fruit groups, representing 50 and 31%, respectively. The number of foods in the groups of grains, legumes, and milk in the public procurement within rural family farming increased with the number of students. On the other hand, cities with fewer students acquired more foods from the fruit group, resulting in differences between the quartiles (p<0.05). The group of processed foods was requested by 41% of the cities. Conclusion: Fresh foods were the most common types of foods in the public procurement within rural family farming, demonstrating that the acquisition of family farm products can contribute to school meal quality.


Nucleus ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Wander Luis Barbosa Borges ◽  
Jorge Luiz Hipólito ◽  
Wilson Stringhetta ◽  
Flávio Sueo Tokuda ◽  
Adriano Custódio Gasparino ◽  
...  

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