scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment using periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Curado de Freitas ◽  
Olavo César Porto Lyra ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Periapical Radiography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of Apical Root Resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment at 52-288 months using periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: Radiographic images obtained from 58 patients, before (T1) and after orthodontic treatment (T2), and following 52-288 months of treatment were analyzed by three members of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics. Apical structures were evaluated by PR images (T2 and T3), using Levander and Malmgren scores. The presence of ARR on CBCT images were detected only at T3. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical analyses, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Kappa statistics determined interobserver agreement. RESULTS: The more frequent ARR were with scores 1 in T2 (51.6%) and T3 (53.1%), when evaluated by PR (p > 0.05). When compared the frequencies of ARR in T3 among PR and CBCT images, the differences were significant for maxillary and mandibular pre-molar groups, and for mandibular molar group (p > 0.05). The teeth with highest frequency of ARR presence using CBCT images were maxillary lateral incisors (94.5%) and mandibular central incisors (87.7%), while the premolars showed the lowest frequency. The CBCT images showed that the teeth involved in orthodontic treatment with extraction present higher ARR frequency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PR showed more frequency of ARR in posterior teeth groups when compared with CBCT images. ARR did not change in long-term post treatment.

scholarly journals Reliability of CBCT and Periapical Radiography Methods to Evaluate External Apical Root Resorption during Early Phase of Orthodontic Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani V Lago ◽  
Thaís Maria Freire Fernandes ◽  
Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari-Navarro ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
Victor de Miranda Ladewig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periapical Radiography

A reabsorção radicular apical externa - RRAE é um efeito indesejável associado ao movimento dentário induzido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade de dois métodos radiográficos, a tomográfica computadorizada de feixe cônico - TCFC e a radiografia periapical (RP), para mensurar a RRAE. A amostra foi composta por 25 pacientes (média de idade de 18,02 ± 6,06 anos) com presença de apinhamento de moderado a severo. A RRAE foi verificada em RP e TCFC de incisivos superiores e inferiores em dois tempos (T1 – início do tratamento ortodôntico e T2 – seis meses após início do tratamento). As RRAE foi avaliada através de mensurações da diferença no comprimento dentário (T2-T1) de cada incisivo. Foram realizadas por dois examinadores previamente calibrados. Nas imagens obtidas pela TCFC, as medidas foram realizadas por meio do programa Dolphin (Chatsworth, Calif), já nas imagens das radiografias periapicais, no programa CorelDraw X5 (Ottawa, Candá). Os erros de medição intra e interexaminadores foram avaliados pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse - CCI. Os valores obtidos foram comparados utilizando o teste t de student com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados da comparação entre T1 e T2, tanto para a RP (0.92mm) quanto para a TCFC (0.25mm), evidenciaram a presença de RRAE para todos os dentes mensurados, com diferença estatisticamente significante. Ambos os métodos são confiáveis para avaliar a RRAE aos 6 meses após início do tratamento ortodôntico, contudo a diferença de magnitude entre as medidas obtidas entre os métodos não justifica a solicitação de TCFC somente para este fim.Palavras-chave: Dente. Ortodontia. Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico. AbstractExternal apical root resorption (EARR) is an undesirable therapeutic effect associated with induced tooth movement. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the reliability of two methods, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical radiography (PR), for measuringEARR during early phases of orthodontic treatment. The study included 25 patients (mean age, 18.02 ± 6.06 years) with moderate to severetooth crowding. Maxillary and mandibular incisors were evaluated in CBCT scans and PR at two different times: T1, at the beginning oforthodontic treatment; T2, 6 months after the treatment initiation. The difference in incisor length T2-T1, as measured by two independentcalibrated examiners, represented EARR. Measurements made on the images obtained by I-cat scanner (Hatfield,PA) were performed using theDolphin program (Chatsworth, Calif.). The PR images were imported to the CorelDraw X5 program (Ottawa, Canada). Intraclass correlationcoefficient (ICC) was used to measure intra- and inter-examiner errors. A Student’s t-test was used for comparing the results between CBCTand PR, with a significance level of 5%. All teeth showed EARR, using both periapical radiographs (0.92mm) and CBCT (0.25mm). Althoughthe difference between the results of the two techniques was statistically significant, its value was lower than 1mm for all teeth measured. Bothradiographic methods are suitable and reliable for assessing EARR after 6 months of initial orthodontic treatment. However, the differencein magnitude between the measurements obtained by the two methods does not justify requesting CBCT merely to assess EARR duringorthodontic treatment.Keywords: Tooth. Orthodontics. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

scholarly journals Apical root resorption due to orthodontic treatment detected by cone beam computed tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iury O. Castro ◽  
Ana H. G. Alencar ◽  
José Valladares-Neto ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of apical root resorption (ARR) due to orthodontic treatment using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of 1256 roots from 30 patients. Materials and Methods: All patients had Class I malocclusion with crowding. Of the 30 patients evaluated, 11 were boys and 19 were girls; their mean age was 13 years (11 to 16 years). Orthodontic treatment followed the nonextraction treatment. CBCT images were obtained before and after orthodontic treatment, and ARR was determined using Axial Guided Navigation of CBCT images. Results: All patients had ARR. No statistically significant association was found between resorption frequency, gender, and age. ARR was detected using CBCT in 46% of all roots that underwent orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: CBCT was effective for detecting in vivo even minimal degrees of ARR due to orthodontic treatment and allowed three-dimensional evaluation of dental roots and visualization of palatine roots of maxillary molars. The highest frequencies and the most significant ARR occurred in incisors and distal roots of first maxillary and mandibular molars.

scholarly journals Contribution of cone beam computed tomography to the detection of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in root-filled and vital teeth

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iury Castro ◽  
José Valladares-Neto ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Differences

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate whether root-filled teeth are similar to vital pulp teeth in terms of apical root resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods:  An original sample of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 1256 roots from 30 orthodontic patients were analyzed. The inclusion criteria demanded root-filled teeth and their contralateral vital teeth, while teeth with history of trauma had to be excluded to comply with exclusion criteria. CBCT images of root-filled teeth were compared before and after orthodontic treatment in a split-mouth design study. Tooth measurements were made with multiplanar reconstruction using axial-guided navigation. The statistical difference between the treatment effects was compared using the paired t-test. Results:  Twenty posterior root-filled teeth and their contralaterals with vital pulp were selected before orthodontic treatment from six adolescents (two boys and four girls; mean [SD] age 12.8 [1.8] years). No differences were detected between filled and vital root lengths before treatment (P  =  .4364). The mean differences in root length between preorthodontic and postorthodontic treatment in filled- and vital roots were −0.30 mm and −0.16 mm, respectively, without any statistical difference (P  =  .4197) between them. Conclusion:  There appears to be no increase in ARR after orthodontic treatment in root-filled teeth with no earlier ARR.

scholarly journals Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Ren ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Feng Deng ◽  
Leilei Zheng ◽  
Xiong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Periapical Radiography

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical radiography for detecting simulated external apical root resorption (EARR) in vitro. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 160 single-rooted premolar teeth for simulating EARR of varying degrees according to four setups: no (intact teeth), mild (cavity of 1.0 mm in diameter and depth on root surface), moderate (0.4 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm root shortening), and severe (2.4 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.6 mm root shortening). Two groups of radiographic images were obtained via CBCT and periapical radiography. The absence or presence and the severity for all resorption lesions were evaluated blindly by two calibrated observers. Results: With the CBCT method, the rates of correct classification of no, mild, moderate, and severe EARR were 96.3%, 98.8%, 41.3%, and 87.5%, respectively; with the periapical radiography method, the rates were 82.5%, 41.3%, 68.8%, and 92.5%, respectively. Highly significant differences were found between the two imaging methods for detection of mild (P &lt; .001), moderate (P &lt; .001), and all EARR (P &lt; .001). For detection of all EARR, the sensitivity and specificity values were 75.8% and 96.3% for CBCT, compared with 67.5% and 82.5% for periapical radiography. Conclusion: CBCT is a reliable diagnostic tool to detect simulated EARR, whereas periapical radiography underestimates it. However, if a periapical radiograph is already available to the diagnosis of EARR, CBCT should be used with extreme caution to avoid additional radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a cone beam computed tomography study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Shiyong Deng ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Zhengzheng Li ◽  
Xinyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Background Fixed appliances have been the mainstream for orthodontic treatment, while clear aligners, such as Invisalign system, have become increasingly popular. The prevalence of apical root resorption (ARR) in patients with clear aligners is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and severity of ARR in patients treated with clear aligners and fixed appliances using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 373 roots from 70 subjects, with similar baseline characteristics and the ABO discrepancy index scores (i.e., treatment difficulty), were included into two groups: the clear aligners group (Invisalign, Align Technology, California, USA) and fixed appliances group (Victory Series; 3 M Unitek, California, USA). Root length of each anterior tooth was measured on the CBCT images by two blinded investigators. The ARR on each tooth was calculated as the difference of root length before and after orthodontic treatment. Chi-square test and paired t test was used to compare the ARR between the two groups as well as before and after orthodontic treatments. Results Prevalence of ARR in the clear aligners group (56.30%) was significantly lower than that in the fixed appliances group (82.11%) (P < 0.001). The severity of ARR in the clear aligners group (0.13 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly less than that in the fixed appliances group (1.12 ± 1.34 mm) (P < 0.001). The most severe ARR was found on the maxillary canine (1.53 ± 1.92 mm) and lateral incisor (1.31 ± 1.33 mm) in the fixed appliances group; the least ARR was found on the mandibular canine (− 0.06 ± 0.47 mm) and lateral incisor (0.04 ± 0.48 mm) in the clear aligners group (P < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence and severity of ARR measured on CBCT in patients with clear aligners were less than those in patients with fixed appliances.

Orthodontically induced root resorption – a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pogorzelska ◽  
Anna Stróżyńska-Sitkiewicz ◽  
Kazimierz Szopiński
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Cervical Area ◽  
Periapical Radiography

Root resorption in moved teeth is a common undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment. This pathology usually affects permanent teeth. Although any part of the root may be involved, the apical or cervical area is usually affected. The formation and development of these changes are a long-term process and depend on various factors. The etiology of resorptive changes associated with orthodontic treatment has been widely discussed by many authors, who proposed numerous classifications. Particularly noteworthy are the works on techniques for the treatment of malocclusion and their potential adverse effects. Modern diagnostic methods allow for an early detection of this pathology and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures. These techniques include periapical radiography (paralleling technique) combined with cone-beam computed tomography. Dentists not only notice the need to achieve a beautiful smile, but they also take into account possible root shortening. This process is not fully understood, but realizing its existence is important for planning and implementing both orthodontic and general dental treatment.

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