Frekuensi Hubungan Seksual dan KB Pil Kombinasi terhadap Terjadinya Erosi Portio pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur

Portio erosion is a wound or inflammation of the cervix (portio). Inflammation can be caused by hormonal changes, during pregnancy, contraceptive pill use, installation and removal of IUDs, and lack of personal hygien. This erosion can bleed easily and cause bleeding or metrorrhagia. This study aims to determine the relationship between the frequency of sexual relations and the use of the combined oral contraceptive pill to erosion of portion in reproductive women. This research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design with accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out using interviews and direct observation. Data analysis by a cross tabulation with Spearman Rank test through SPSS software. The results obtained are severe portio erosion covering more than 2/3 of the total cervical area of ​​8 women (53%) based on the frequency of sexual intercourse, and mild portio erosion covers less than 1/3 of the total cervical area of ​​10 women (67%) based on the combined oral contraceptive pill. The study concludes that the frequency of sexual intercourse affected the incidence of portio erosion. The use of the combined oral contraceptive pill has affected the incidence of portio erosion in the POSKESDES Binor Paiton Probolinggo. The results of this study are input for women of childbearing age who are sexually active and use combined pill contraceptives to be more aware of the health of their reproductive organs by routinely performing an IVA or Pap smear at least once a year.

Microleakage in class II restorations of two bulk fill resin composites and a conventional nanohybrid resin composite: an in vitro study at 10,000 thermocycles

Background The contraction presented by resin composites causes an increase in stress at the tooth-resin interface, causing micro-gaps that allow microleakage. This study aims to evaluate the degree of in vitro marginal microleakage in class II restorations with two bulk fill resin composites compared to a conventional nanohybrid resin composite. Methods The present study was an in vitro experimental design. A total of 30 standardized class II cavities were prepared in 15 human molars (mesially and distally). These cavities were later distributed in 3 groups according to the type of resin. Groups A and B were restored with bulk fill resin composites (Filtek—3 M/ESPE and Tetric N-Ceram—Ivoclar/Vivadent respectively) in a single increment of 4 mm. Group C was restored with the Filtek Z350 XT – 3 M/ESPE resin composite and two increments of 2 mm. Later, the restorations were subjected to 10,000 thermocycles between 5 °C to 55 °C and immersed in a silver nitrate solution (1 M for 24 h). The crowns were then sectioned mesiodistally and observed under the stereomicroscope to determine the degree of marginal microleakage at the occlusal and cervical areas. The results were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U statistical tests. Results There were no statistically significant differences regarding the degree of microleakage between the three types of resin composites in the occlusal and cervical areas (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences after comparing each resin type in its occlusal and cervical area (p > 0.05). Conclusion Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites showed no statistically significant differences with the conventional nanohybrid resin composite Filtek Z350XT at both occlusal and cervical areas.

Thymoma originating from the cervical component of the thymus in a degu

A 5-y-old, male degu ( Octodon degus) was presented with a subcutaneous mass in the ventral aspect of the cervical area. The mass was removed surgically. Histologically, the mass was a densely cellular, expansile neoplasm, with compression of thymic tissue to the periphery. The neoplasm consisted of solid sheets of polygonal cells, mixed with fewer small lymphocytes. Rare Hassall bodies were scattered throughout the mass. Polygonal cells were positive for anti-keratin/cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody, and small lymphocytes were positive for anti-CD3 antibody. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a thymoma. In addition, an autopsy revealed myxosarcoma of the right thoracic wall with metastasis to the lung. To our knowledge, thymoma originating from the cervical component of the thymus has not been documented previously in a rodent species.

Abnormal Spinal Cord Myelination due to Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in a Model of Huntington’s Disease

Background: The relative contribution of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) degeneration to the progressive brain atrophy in Huntington’s disease (HD) has been well studied. The pathology of the spinal cord in HD is comparatively less well documented. Objective: We aim to characterize spinal cord WM abnormalities in a mouse model of HD and evaluate whether selective removal of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) from oligodendroglia rescues these deficits. Methods: Histological assessments were used to determine the area of GM and WM in the spinal cord of 12-month-old BACHD mice, while electron microscopy was used to analyze myelin fibers in the cervical area of the spinal cord. To investigate the impact of inactivation of mHTT in oligodendroglia on these measures, we used the previously described BACHDxNG2Cre mouse line where mHTT is specifically reduced in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Results: We show that spinal GM and WM areas are significantly atrophied in HD mice compared to wild-type controls. We further demonstrate that specific reduction of mHTT in oligodendroglial cells rescues the atrophy of spinal cord WM, but not GM, observed in HD mice. Inactivation of mHTT in oligodendroglia had no effect on the density of oligodendroglial cells but enhanced the expression of myelin-related proteins in the spinal cord. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the myelination abnormalities observed in brain WM structures in HD extend to the spinal cord and suggest that specific expression of mHTT in oligodendrocytes contributes to such abnormalities.

A Case of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection on Branchial Cleft Cyst

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is commonly found in the surrounding environment and can cause opportunistic infection. Mainly, it causes lymph node infection in the cervical area, which is often known to occur in children. Recently, we have experienced a case of NTM infection on a branchial cleft cyst in a 36-year old male. NTM was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and branchial cleft cyst was confirmed by postoperative pathologic findings. We report this case with a review of literature.

Analysis of clinical study of salivary glands and the rate of oral fluid secretion in children with systemic connective tissue diseases

This article reflects clinical studies on the cause of xerostomy in children with systemic connective tissue disease (CTS). For more than 20 years, we have provided comprehensive dental care to children with CTS and have found that the presence of xerostomy and destructive changes in the parotid salivary glands in children with CTS, are characteristic of the manifestation of Shegren syndrome and contributed to: development of multiple tooth decay in the cervical area, the presence of abundant plaque on the teeth, inflammatory diseases of the gums and mucous membranes of the mouth and lips, the joining of secondary infection.

Unusual Pharyngo-Esophageal Dysphagia Caused by a High-Riding Right Brachiocephalic Artery

High-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries are often asymptomatic and rare vascular variations. We present a patient with high-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries that caused compressive pharyngeal and cervical esophageal dysphagia. An 82-year-old woman presented to our hospital with dysphagia that worsened with solid food. A pulsatile lump was observed on the right neck side. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study showed a deviated food bolus movement anterolaterally from the normal vertical pharyngoesophageal transition, with a filling defect in the lower pharynx through the upper esophagus. Neck computed tomography (CT) showed high-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries and a tortuous right common carotid artery located adjacent to the trachea in the cervical area. The cervical midline structures were deviated to the left neck side. A neck mass with vascular variation should be considered as a cause of dysphagia that worsens with solid food; CT should be considered to determine its cause.

FEATURES OF DENTINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INTACT TEETH AND TEETH WITH WEDGE-SHAPED DEFECTS

The aim: Is to define dentine chemical composition of intact teeth and those with wedge-shaped defects followed by the analysis of revealed differences. Materials and methods: Longitudinal sections of 22 clinically removed teeth (12 – clinically intact ones, 10 – with wedge-shaped defects) from both jaws were studied in patients aged between 25-54 years. JSM-6490 LV focused beam electron microscope (scanning) with system of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis INCA Penta FETх3 was used. The chemical composition of 148 dentine areas in the incisal region (tubercle), equator, cervical area has been determined as a percentage of the weight amounts of carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, zinc, potassium, aluminum. Results: Dentine chemical composition of teeth with wedge-shaped defects differed from those of intact teeth by significantly lower content: sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the incisal region (tubercle); sodium, magnesium − at the equator; sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). In the sample groups with cervical pathology there was more sulfur and oxygen in the incisal region (tubercle), phosphorus and zinc – at the equator, carbon and potassium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Differences in the chemical composition of intact teeth and teeth with wedge-shaped defects, the presence of correlation between the studied chemical elements confirm the role of macro- and microelements in the pathogenesis of non-carious cervical lesions.

Evaluation of the Results of Patients Who Were Treated with Laparoscopic Simple Tunnel Hysterosacropexy Method to Prevent Uterine Prolapse: A New Approach

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of patients with uterine prolapse who underwent laparoscopic simple tunnel hysterosacropexy as uterine protective surgery. In this surgical procedure, the parietal peritoneum which was cut off in traditional surgery is preserved. STUDY DESIGN: Data from women with apical prolapse of stage 2 or higher who underwent laparoscopic simple tunnel hysterosacropexy between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2019, at the University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey was retrospectively assessed. Patients were treated with laparoscopic simple tunnel hysterosacropexy; the meshes were anchored to the posterior cervical area, even in the presence of advanced multi-compartment vaginal prolapse. Data on the prolapse stage and urogenital functions were collected through clinical examinations, questionnaires at baseline, and 6 months after the operation. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Based on positive ranks. Data are presented as mean, minimum, maximum or percentage according to variables. RESULT: Overall, 12 women were included in the analysis; the mean follow-up was 6 months. There were significant improvements in the complaints and POP-Q values of patients included in the study. There were not any complications during the intraoperative period and postoperative follow-ups. During the first six-month follow-up, there were not any recurrence of prolapse. The mean operative time was 146 minutes; there were no intraoperative visceral or vascular injuries. There was no recurrence or vaginal erosion. CONCLUSION: In patients with stage 2 and more severe uterine prolapse, laparoscopic simple tunnel hysterosacropexy can be performed without cutting the peritoneum. Since the peritoneum is not cut during the surgery; intestinal injury prevalence and mesh exposure rates are lower.

Radiographic findings and anatomical variations of the caudal cervical area in horses with neck pain and ataxia: case–control study on 116 horses

BackgroundAbnormalities of the ventral lamina of the sixth cervical vertebra (AVL-C6) are thought to exert abnormal stress on the articular process joints (APJs) of the cervicothoracic junction. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between AVL-C6 and radiographic findings in the caudal cervical area and between clinical signs of neck pain and ataxia and radiographic findings.MethodsMedical records of horses subjected to cervical radiography were reviewed. Horses were classified into those with neck pain (group C), those with ataxia (group A) and healthy horses (group H). Presence of AVL-C6 and increased size, dysplasia, remodelling, fragmentation and osteochondral fragment at the APJs (C5–T1) were recorded. Univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associations between explanatory and dependent variables. Variables with P<0.2 were included in the multivariable analysis.ResultsOne hundred and sixteen horses were included (44 in group C, 29 in group A, 66 in group H); 24 of 116 horses had radiographic AVL-C6. Age, AVL-C6 and overall/C6–C7 increase in size remained in the final models.ConclusionsThe presence of AVL-C6 and moderate/severe increase in size of the caudal cervical APJs increase the odds of showing neck pain and, if severe, ataxia.