Oral Reactive Lesions Associated to Incomplete Removal of Natal Teeth: Case Report

Natal teeth are infrequent at birth. Dental extraction is the most recommended treatment to avoid complications. Reactive soft tissue lesions associated to natal tooth or its incomplete removal are rare. A five-month-old female presented natal teeth #71 and #81 which were removed the day after the birth. The baby evolved with two nodules in the region of #71 and #81, pedunculated, 10 and 9 mm, respectively, covered by a pink mucosa, firm in consistency. Periapical radiography showed two radiopaque areas, suggestive of root fragments. After 30 days the nodule located in the region of #81 became purple in color and ulcerated. Both lesions were removed with high intensity diode laser. Histopathological analysis was compatible with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (#71) and pyogenic granuloma (#81). Early diagnosis of oral lesions in newborns by means of histopathological examination and a minimum invasive treatment, such as laser surgery, should be of primary concern.

EFFECTS OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT ADMINISTRATION ON NEUTROPHIL COUNTS FOLLOWING PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE

Background: Radiation exposure from periapical imaging can cause cell damage in various tissues due to the formation of free radicals. Cell damage in the tissue can be observed from the number of neutrophils which are immune cells. Free radicals can be suppressed by administering exogenous antioxidants. One source of natural antioxidants is red dragon fruit, especially on its peel. Objective: To analyze the effect of periapical imaging x-ray radiation exposure after the administration of red dragon fruit peel extract on absolute neutrophil counts in mice. Method: This research was a true experimental study with a post-test only and control group design using 24 mice that were divided into 6 groups. The control group was not given any treatment while P1 to P5 group were given red dragon fruit peel extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and exposed to radiation with different exposures. P1 group was exposed 1 time (0.63 mGy), P2 group was exposed 4 times (1.66 mGy), P3 group was exposed 8 times (4.37 mGy), P4 group was exposed 12 times (8.19 mGy), and group P5 was given no exposure. Results: There were changes in the number of neutrophils in all groups. The LSD Posthoc test results showed a significant difference between the control group (12.470 / mm3) and the P5 group (12.470 / mm3) compared to P3 group with 8 times exposure (40.348 / mm3). Conclusion: There is an effect of periapical radiographic x-ray radiation exposure by red dragon fruit peel extract on the absolute neutrophil count in mice. Keywords: Antioxidants, Neutrophils, Periapical Radiography, Radiation, Red Dragon Fruit Peel.

Measurement of the lower canine pulp chamber through periapical radiography for age estimation

Objectives: The principle of measurement using the TCI (Tooth Coronal Index) method is to compare the pulp chamber height with a person's chronological age based on the formation of secondary dentin. The purpose of this study is to estimate age based on pulp chamber height in lower canines using periapical radiographs with TCI measurement. Materials and Methods: This study is an observational analytic study using 42 samples of periapical radiographs with the parallel technique of the lower canines. Samples were measured for CH and CPCH heights to determine TCI values and then linear regression was made to determine their biological age. Finally, the difference between biological and chronological age is calculated to determine the approximate age. Results: The mean difference between chronological age and biological age was ± 5.05 years and an average biological age of 29.38 years. Conclusion: TCI method based on pulp chamber height in lower canines using periapical radiographs can be used to estimate age with the difference between chronological age and biological age of ±5.05 years.

Periapical Radiograph has a High Accuracy and an Alternative Imaging Modality in the Third Molar Impaction Cases

Introduction: Impaction is a condition when a tooth suffers from a complete eruption failure on its right position due to the lack of curvace room on the jaw. Periapical radiography has an important role in detecting third molar impaction disease. Recently, panoramic radiograph has become the standard in diagnosing the third molar impaction. Objective: The objective set for this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the periapical radiograph based on the standard which is the panoramic radiograph on the third molar impaction cases.Materials and Method: This study belongs to that of analytic observational by employing diagnostic testing method on primary data. It employed 35 samples which were then cross tabulated using 2x2 analysis table.The result of the grouping was then inserted into the formula for sensitivity, spesificity, positive predictive value, negative productive value, accuracy and ROC graphic. Result: The result of this study shows that the score for sensitivity reaches 96%, 33.3% for spesificity, 80.6% for positive predictive value, 75% for negative predictive value, 80% for accuracy, and 77.8% for ROC graphic. Conclusion: periapical radiograph can be used as an alternative checking up in diagnosing third molar impaction cases. However, it is not used as a panoramic substitute which still serves as the standard.

Performance of deep learning technology for evaluation of positioning quality in periapical radiography of the maxillary canine

Objectives The aim of the present study was to create and test an automatic system for assessing the technical quality of positioning in periapical radiography of the maxillary canines using deep learning classification and segmentation techniques. Methods We created and tested two deep learning systems using 500 periapical radiographs (250 each of good- and bad-quality images). We assigned 350, 70, and 80 images as the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. The learning model of system 1 was created with only the classification process, whereas system 2 consisted of both the segmentation and classification models. In each model, 500 epochs of training were performed using AlexNet and U-net for classification and segmentation, respectively. The segmentation results were evaluated by the intersection over union method, with values of 0.6 or more considered as success. The classification results were compared between the two systems. Results The segmentation performance of system 2 was recall, precision, and F measure of 0.937, 0.961, and 0.949, respectively. System 2 showed better classification performance values than those obtained by system 1. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values differed significantly between system 1 (0.649) and system 2 (0.927). Conclusions The deep learning systems we created appeared to have potential benefits in evaluation of the technical positioning quality of periapical radiographs through the use of segmentation and classification functions.

In vitro comparison of high-definition US, CBCT and periapical radiography in the diagnosis of proximal and recurrent caries

Objective: To assess the in vitro performance of high-definition (HD) US, CBCT and periapical radiography for the visibility of proximal and recurrent caries in teeth with and without restoration. Methods: A total of 240 molar teeth were divided into eight groups each comprised of 30 teeth. Control groups consisted of teeth without caries (Group 1–4; N = 120), whereas diseased groups consisted of teeth with proximal caries (Group 5–8; N = 120 teeth). Finally, a total of four image sets were obtained as follows: i) PSP periapical radiography, ii) CBCT 0.075 mm voxel size, iii) CBCT 0.2 mm voxel size and iv) HD US images. The image sets were viewed separately by four observers by using a 5-point confidence scale. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. The areas under the ROC curves were compared using chi-square tests. Significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: Intraobserver agreement for both readings for the four observers ranged between 0.848 and 0.988 for CBCT (0.075 mm) images; 0.658 and 0.952 for CBCT (0.2 mm) images; 0.555 and 0.810 for periapical images; 0.427 and 0.676 for US images. Highest AUC values were found for CBCT (0.075 mm) images and lowest for US images. Statistically significant differences were found among CBCT (0.075 mm) images and US images (p < 0.001), CBCT (0.2 mm) images and US images (p < 0.001) and periapical images and US images (p < 0.001) for the detection of proximal caries. Conclusion: Periapical and CBCT images outperformed HD US imaging in the detection of proximal dental caries.