scholarly journals Proximity to the Frontier, Markups, and the Response of Innovation to Foreign Competition: Evidence from Matched Production-Innovation Surveys in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Cusolito ◽  
Alvaro Garcia-Marin ◽  
William F. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Innovation Surveys

Trading Barriers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
International Competition ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The World ◽  
At Home

Why have countries increasingly restricted immigration even when they have opened their markets to foreign competition through trade or allowed their firms to move jobs overseas? This book argues that the increased ability of firms to produce anywhere in the world combined with growing international competition due to lowered trade barriers has led to greater limits on immigration. The book explains that businesses relying on low-skill labor have been the major proponents of greater openness to immigrants. Immigration helps lower costs, making these businesses more competitive at home and abroad. However, increased international competition, due to lower trade barriers and greater economic development in the developing world, has led many businesses in wealthy countries to close or move overseas. Productivity increases have allowed those firms that have chosen to remain behind to do more with fewer workers. Together, these changes in the international economy have sapped the crucial business support necessary for more open immigration policies at home, empowered anti-immigrant groups, and spurred greater controls on migration. Debunking the commonly held belief that domestic social concerns are the deciding factor in determining immigration policy, this book demonstrates the important and influential role played by international trade and capital movements.

The American Record in Industrial Policy: Results of Programs for Troubled Manufacturing Industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-214
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
High Definition Television ◽  
Declining Industries ◽  
Manufacturing Sectors

As many manufacturing industries have declined and as much American manufacturing has become vulnerable to foreign competition, numerous groups have suggested that programs to intervene in specific manufacturing sectors could help. Proponents focus on aid to telecommunications, aerospace, information technology, and high-definition television, where an edge in new technology may be key to the industries' success, but they also touch on aid to declining industries. Opponents of trade restrictions often argue that policies should facilitate adjustment in industries injured by trade. Other groups call for a technological “revolution” in manufacturing to restore international competitiveness through programs to facilitate adjustment and to speed the transition to new kinds of manufacturing. Others, concerned about massive job losses in depressed manufacturing communities, have called for improving the welfare of workers and communities.

Sugar Rush: Sugar and Science in the British Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Jacoberger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Foreign Competition ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A Site

This article examines the contrasting evolution in sugar refining in Jamaica and Barbados incentivized by Mercantilist policies, changes in labor systems, and competition from foreign sugar revealing the role of Caribbean plantations as a site for experimentation from the eighteenth through mid-nineteenth century. Britain's seventeenth- and eighteenth-century protectionist policies imposed high duties on refined cane-sugar from the colonies, discouraging colonies from exporting refined sugar as opposed to raw. This system allowed Britain to retain control over trade and commerce and provided exclusive sugar sales to Caribbean sugar plantations. Barbadian planters swiftly gained immense wealth and political power until Jamaica and other islands produced competitive sugar. The Jamaica Assembly invested heavily in technological innovations intended to improve efficiency, produce competitive sugar in a market that eventually opened to foreign competition such as sugar beet, and increase profits to undercut losses from duties. They valued local knowledge, incentivizing everyone from local planters to chemists, engineers, and science enthusiasts to experiment in Jamaica and publish their findings. These publications disseminated important findings throughout Britain and its colonies, revealing the significance of the Caribbean as a site for local experimentation and knowledge.

Foreign competition threat and ethnic minority inclusion in the board

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 15858
Author(s):  
Yonghoon Lee ◽  
Heejung Jung ◽  
Jim Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Foreign Competition
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