Labor Supply and Demand Projection in Sub-Saharan Africa

10.1596/35239 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Projection

scholarly journals Is the Mediterranean the New Rio Grande? US and EU Immigration Pressures in the Long Run

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hanson ◽  
Craig McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Labor Flows ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
To Come

How will worldwide changes in population affect pressures for international migration in the future? We examine the past three decades, during which population pressures contributed to substantial labor flows from neighboring countries into the United States and Europe, and contrast them with the coming three decades, which will see sharp reductions in labor-supply growth in Latin America but not in Africa or much of the Middle East. Using a gravity-style empirical model, we examine the contribution of changes in relative labor-supply to bilateral migration in the 2000s and then apply this model to project future bilateral flows based on long-run UN forecasts of working-age populations in sending and receiving countries. Because the Americas are entering an era of uniformly low population growth, labor flows across the Rio Grande are projected to slow markedly. Europe, in contrast, will face substantial demographically driven migration pressures from across the Mediterranean for decades to come. Although these projected inflows would triple the first-generation immigrant stocks of larger European countries between 2010 and 2040, they would still absorb only a small fraction of the 800-million-person increase in the working-age population of Sub-Saharan Africa that is projected to occur over this period.

scholarly journals Standard and New Forms of Employment: Diversification of Opportunities in the Context of Digitalization and Globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
L. P. Huk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
National Labor Market

The article is aimed at examining the current trends in the formation of employment structure and the peculiarities of both the standard and the «new» models of labor to determine the risks and opportunities for using various forms of employment in Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis of instability. The factors of demand (regulation of employment, creation of conditions for the development of highly intellectual employment and individual economic activity, technological development, economic cycles, etc.) and supply (personal characteristics of employees: age, gender, education, level of qualification) are analyzed, which influence the choice of employment forms and determine their use in the national labor market. The peculiarities (employment mode, remuneration and qualifications of employed people, their socio-demographic characteristics) of certain forms of employment in Ukraine are disclosed on the basis of the analysis of microdata of a sample survey of the population on issues of economic activity. It is determined that in Ukraine the most common was a permanent form of employment, other more flexible or even precarious forms of employment developed and functioned along with it, the regularities of usnig them were determined by the interaction of factors of the labor supply and demand. The results of the research justify the existence of a link between the stability of the form of employment and the factors of the labor supply, which include age, gender and educational qualification level. It is proved that the achievement of competitiveness of the national labor market will be determined by the complex use of various forms of employment to balance the demand and supply of labor in the conditions of digitalization and globalization of the economy.

scholarly journals Online labor platforms versus temp agencies: What are the differences?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Meijerink ◽  
Martijn Arets
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Market Intermediaries ◽  
Online Marketplaces ◽  
Online Labor ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Intermediaries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare online labor platforms (OLPs) such as Upwork, Fiverr, YoungOnes and Temper with traditional temp agencies. At a first glance, OLPs and temp agencies strongly resemble each other while they aim to meet the need for short-term labor of organizations. The authors ask the question how these labor market intermediaries differ on issues such as information technology usage, ways how labor supply and demand are matched and working conditions (e.g. status, pay and social security of workers). Design/methodology/approach Next to a review of the academic literature, the authors conducted interviews with representatives of six OLPs and temp agencies in the Netherlands as well as a legal specialist in Dutch labor law. Findings The authors found that OLPs and temp agencies differ on several issues. First, although OLPs rely on online marketplaces for matching labor supply and demand, temp agencies generally rely on human matchmakers. Second, although OLPs enable workers and client organizations to initiate transactions themselves, temp agencies employ representatives that do the matching for workers and clients. Third, and as a result, OLPs afford client organizations to almost instantly hire workers on-demand, whereas the flexibility and speed that temp agencies can offer depend on availability and processing capacity of human matchmakers. Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to compare OLPs and temp agencies and, in doing so, offers academics and practitioners an analytical framework to compare different types of labor market intermediaries.

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